Testosterone suppression in men with prostate cancer leads to an increase in arterial stiffness and hyperinsulinaemia

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances DOCKERY ◽  
Christopher J. BULPITT ◽  
Sanjiv AGARWAL ◽  
Mandy DONALDSON ◽  
Chakravarthi RAJKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Androgen Suppression

The role of androgens in cardiovascular disease is uncertain. We aimed to determine the vascular effects of androgen suppression in men with prostate cancer. Arterial stiffness (or ‘compliance’) was measured in 16 men (71±9 years, mean±S.D.) prior to, and 3 months after, complete androgen suppression with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues as treatment for prostate cancer. Fifteen control men (70±7 years) also had arterial stiffness studies at baseline and 3 months later. Two measures of arterial stiffness were employed: systemic arterial compliance (SAC) was measured by simultaneous recording of aortic flow and carotid artery pressure (‘area method’), and pulse wave velocities (PWVs) were recorded with the ‘Complior’ system. The 16 cases underwent glucose-tolerance and fasting-lipids tests on both visits. After 3 months of testosterone suppression, there was a significant fall in SAC, which was not seen in the controls [mean change±S.E.M., -0.26±0.09a.c.u. (arbitrary compliance unit) in the cases versus +0.06±0.11 in the controls; P = 0.03). Central, but not peripheral, PWVs tended to increase in the cases (mean change±S.E.M. for aorto-femoral PWV, +0.5±0.4m/s for cases versus -0.3±0.3m/s for controls; P = 0.08). After testosterone suppression, fasting insulin levels increased from 6.89±4.84m-units/l to 11.34±8.16m-units/l (mean±S.D.), total cholesterol increased from 5.32±0.77mmol/l to 5.71±0.82mmol/l and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased from 1.05±0.24mmol/l to 1.26±0.36mmol/l; P<0.005 for all. No significant change occurred in body-mass index, serum glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triacylglycerol (triglyceride) levels. Our results indicate that loss of androgens in men leads to an increase in aortic stiffness and serum insulin levels, and may therefore adversely affect cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Han Chao ◽  
Yi-Hung Liao ◽  
Chun-Chung Chou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Background: Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population. Purpose: This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players. Methods: One hundred thirty-five long-term participants in elder tennis (>50 years old) were initially screened. Twenty-six eligible and voluntary subjects were divided into high tennis time group (HT) (14 ± 1.3 h/week) and low tennis time group (LT) (4.5 ± 0.7 h/week) by stratification analysis based on the amount of tennis playing activity time. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), blood metabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance were measured to compare the difference between HT and LT groups. Results: The baPWV was significantly lower in the HT group than that in the LT group (1283.92 ± 37.01 vs. 1403.69 ± 53.71 cm/s, p < 0.05). We also found that the HT insulin-resistant homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower than that of LT (1.41 ± 0.11 vs. 2.27 ± 0.48 μIU/mL, p < 0.05). However, the blood lipid biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride) were not statistical different between HT and LT groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that under the condition of similar daily physical activity level, elderly with a higher time of tennis-playing (HT group) exhibited relatively lower arterial stiffness (lower PWV) and lower insulin resistance compared to those with lower time tennis-playing (LT).

Menstrual cycle, reproductive function, body mass index, and metabolic profiles of women with former central precocious puberty: 10–20-year longitudinal cohort study in southern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitchaya Satitpatanapan ◽  
Somchit Jaruratanasirikul ◽  
Hutcha Sriplung
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Model Assessment

AbstractBackgroundIn 2011, we described 64 girls diagnosed with central precocious puberty (CPP) during 1995–2009. In 2019, the former CPP patients were 16–30 years of age and had been followed-up for 6–20 years after cessation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) treatment.ObjectivesTo determine the menstrual cycle, reproductive function, and long-term sequelae of the former GnRHa-treated and untreated CPP patients.MethodsSixty-seven former CPP women diagnosed during January 1995 to December 2010 were evaluated in 2019 for current menstrual cycle and pregnancy rate and for general health status, weight, height, blood pressure, and metabolic profiles of glucose, lipids, insulin, and testosterone.ResultsIn 2019, the former CPP women averaged 20.7 ± 2.7 years of age (range: 16.5–30). Eighty-three percent had a regular menstrual cycle. Of the 14 married women, six (43%) were fertile with 1–2 children. The untreated women had a significantly higher rate of obesity (BMI >25 kg/m2) than the GnRHa-treated women (72.1% vs. 36.6%, p < 0.01). Two women (3%) had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Fasting plasma glucose, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and testosterone levels were normal and similar between the GnRHa-treated and untreated participants. The serum insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were higher in the untreated group than the GnRHa-treated group, but without significant differences.ConclusionsAt a 10–20-year follow-up, our former CPP patients had regular menstruation, normal reproductive function, and normal metabolic outcomes. The low prevalence of PCOS of 3% suggests that CPP is not a risk factor for PCOS, at least during early adulthood.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein Particle Predictors of Arterial Stiffness after 17 Years of Follow Up: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jacob Hartz ◽  
Ronald M. Krauss ◽  
Mikael Göttsater ◽  
Olle Melander ◽  
Peter Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cancer Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Diet And Cancer

Background. Central arterial stiffness is a surrogate of cardiovascular risk and predicts cardiovascular mortality. Apolipoprotein B lipoproteins are also established cardiovascular risk factors. It is not known whether specific lipoprotein subclasses measured in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study and previously shown to be associated with coronary heart disease also predict arterial stiffening after a mean period of 17 years. Methods. Lipoprotein particle analysis was performed on 2,505 men and women from Malmö, Sweden, from 1991 to 1994, and arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-fPWV) on this same cohort from 2007 to 2012. Associations between c-fPWV and lipoprotein particles were determined with multiple linear regression, controlling for sex, presence of diabetes, waist-to-hip circumference, and smoking status at baseline, as well as heart rate (measured at the carotid artery), mean arterial pressure, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, C-reactive protein (CRP), and age at the time of c-fPWV measurement. Results. The results confirm that triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) predict c-fPWV. We identify a positive predictive association for very small, small, and medium (high risk), but not large LDL particles. There was a negative association for large HDL particles. The relationships between c-fPWV and high-risk LDL particles were unaffected by adjusting for LDL-c or CRP and were only mildly attenuated by adjusting for the homeostatic model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Due to the collinearity of very small, small, and medium LDL particles and dyslipidemia (elevated TG and decreased HDL-c), the observed relationship between c-fPWV and high-risk LDL particles became insignificant after controlling for the concentration of HDL-c, large cholesterol-rich HDL particles, and TG. Conclusions. The development of central arterial stiffness previously associated with combined dyslipidemia may be mediated in part by LDL particles, particularly the very small-, small-, and medium-sized LDL particles.

Discordance Between Apolipoprotein B or Non-HDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese Patients Predicts Arterial Stiffness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geyue Qu ◽  
Zhongying Zhang ◽  
Hong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Residual Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Discordance of lipid parameters is closely associated with residual cardiovascular risk. This study investigated the discordance between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), or apolipoprotein B (apoB), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and assessed arterial stiffness risk.Methods: This study included a total of 402 middle-aged and elderly Northern Chinese individuals, whose brachial-ankle pulse wave conduction velocity(baPWV), as well as clinical and biochemical data, were measured. Arterial stiffness was defined as the upper quartile of the baPWV. All participants were divided into four mutually exclusive concordance/discordance groups based on the lipid goal for very high-risk populations, according to the 2016 European Society of Cardiology / European Atherosclerosis Society guidelines. Discordance was defined as an LDL-C≥ 1.81mmol/L with non-HDL-C< 2.59mmol/L, or apoB <0.80mmol/L, or vice versa.Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.9±13.0 years, and 59.5% were male. The mean LDL-C was 2.41±0.81mmol/L, non-HDL-C 3.06±0.94mmol/L, and apoB 0.84±0.21mmol/L. LDL-C was observed to be discordant with non-HDL-C (20.1%) and apoB (30.8%). When stratified according to LDL-C levels, the baPWV was greater in those patients with higher non-HDL-C or apoB levels. The Spearman analysis showed a significant association between discordant lipid patterns and the presence of arterial stiffness(r= 0.131 and r=0.117, respectively). In the adjusted logistic regression model, low LDL-C and high non-HDL-C or apoB discordance were also associated with the risk of arterial stiffness (OR: 13.412 and OR: 13.054, respectively).Conclusions: There was discordance between the LDL-C and non-HDL-C, or apoB in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals, which was associated with a higher risk of arterial stiffness. The non-HDL-C or apoB levels could be used to identify individuals who could benefit from more intensive lipid modification.

Effects of breastfeeding on the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in preterm infants

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ikeda ◽  
H. Shoji ◽  
Y. Murano ◽  
M. Mori ◽  
N. Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Samples

Evidence suggests that breastfeeding during infancy lowers the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its attendant risk factors in adult life. To investigate the influence of feeding type on the risk factors of MS, we assessed insulin sensitivity and lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism in preterm infants. Blood samples were collected from preterm infants at the time of discharge. Infants were separated into two groups: a breast milk (BM) group receiving ⩾90% of their intake from BM, and a mixed-fed (MF) group receiving ⩾50% of their intake from formula. The following indices were then compared between the two groups. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were used to calculate the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). We also measured serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), apolipoprotein-A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein-B (apoB) levels, and the ratios of TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and apoB/apoA1. The mean gestational age was 32.9 weeks at birth, and blood samples were collected at a mean corrected age of 37.4 weeks. There were 22 infants in the BM group and 19 in the MF group. QUICKI was significantly higher in the BM group. TC, HDLc and apoA1 were not significantly different between the groups, but LDLc and apoB levels were significantly higher in the BM group. The TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and apoB/apoA1 ratios were significantly higher in the BM group. In preterm infants, the type of feeding exposure in the early postnatal period may influence glucose, lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism, and affect markers of MS.

High-Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet-Induced Gender-Specific Serum Lipid Profile Changes Are Associated with LEPR Polymorphisms in Chinese Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Tang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
ZhengKe Li ◽  
Jia Lin ◽  
Ding Zhi Fang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Profile Changes

Background/Aims: The study aimed to investigate the interactions of genetic variants in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene with lipid profile changes following a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in a Chinese Han population. Methods: Fifty-six healthy young subjects were given washout diets, followed by HC/LF diets consisting of 15% fat and 70% carbohydrate for 6 days. Serum lipid profiles and insulin levels before and after HC/LF diets were analyzed. Results: Statistically elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-I), and insulin levels were only observed in the GG genotype of LEPR Lys109Arg but not in the A carriers after HC/LF diet. When gender was taken into account, significantly increased HDL-C, apoA-I, and insulin levels were found in women with the GG genotype. Moreover, lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and higher insulin levels were only observed in subjects with the GG genotype of LEPR Gln223Arg, while higher HDL-C and apoA-I were only found in the A allele carriers. Additionally, the lower LDL-C and body mass index (BMI), and higher HDL-C and insulin levels were only observed in subjects with the GG genotype of LEPR Lys656Asn. Conclusions:LEPR polymorphisms contribute to the heterogeneities in BMI, LDL-C, and HDL-C responsiveness that are induced by a HC/LF diet in healthy young Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Profiling Discriminates Prostate Cancer From Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Within the Prostate-Specific Antigen Gray Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Xu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Lingling Gan ◽  
Yamei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
Nonadecanoic Acid

ObjectiveProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male malignancy globally. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an important biomarker for PCa diagnosis. However, it is not accurate in the diagnostic gray zone of 4–10 ng/ml of PSA. In the current study, the performance of serum metabolomics profiling in discriminating PCa patients from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) individuals with a PSA concentration in the range of 4–10 ng/ml was explored.MethodsA total of 220 individuals, including patients diagnosed with PCa and BPH within PSA levels in the range of 4–10 ng/ml and healthy controls, were enrolled in the study. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based non-targeted metabolomics method was utilized to characterize serum metabolic profiles of participants. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) methods were used for multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to explore the diagnostic value of candidate metabolites in differentiating PCa from BPH. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between serum metabolites and common clinically used fasting lipid profiles.ResultsSeveral differential metabolites were identified. The top enriched pathways in PCa subjects such as glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid metabolisms were associated with lipid metabolism. Lipids and lipid-like compounds were the predominant metabolites within the top 50 differential metabolites selected using fold-change threshold &gt;1.5 or &lt;2/3, variable importance in projection (VIP) &gt; 1, and Student’s t-test threshold p &lt; 0.05. Eighteen lipid or lipid-related metabolites were selected including 4-oxoretinol, anandamide, palmitic acid, glycerol 1-hexadecanoate, dl-dihydrosphingosine, 2-methoxy-6Z-hexadecenoic acid, 3-oxo-nonadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-nonadecanoic acid, N-palmitoyl glycine, 2-palmitoylglycerol, hexadecenal, d-erythro-sphingosine C-15, N-methyl arachidonoyl amine, 9-octadecenal, hexadecyl acetyl glycerol, 1-(9Z-pentadecenoyl)-2-eicosanoyl-glycero-3-phosphate, 3Z,6Z,9Z-octadecatriene, and glycidyl stearate. Selected metabolites effectively discriminated PCa from BPH when PSA levels were in the range of 4–10 ng/ml (area under the curve (AUC) &gt; 0.80). Notably, the 18 identified metabolites were negatively corrected with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and Apo-B levels in PCa patients; and some were negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Apo-A levels. However, the metabolites were not correlated with triglycerides (TG).ConclusionThe findings of the present study indicate that metabolic reprogramming, mainly lipid metabolism, is a key signature of PCa. The 18 lipid or lipid-associated metabolites identified in this study are potential diagnostic markers for differential diagnosis of PCa patients and BPH individuals within a PSA level in the gray zone of 4–10 ng/ml.

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