scholarly journals Wildlife crime in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Linacre
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Science Laboratory ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Wildlife Crime ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Australian Museum ◽  
Dead Animal ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Forensic Testing

Wildlife crime is on a massive scale by whatever metric is used. The illegal trade in wildlife and related products is leading to the decline and extinction of many iconic species from rhino to tigers. Almost all countries are signatures to CITES and therefore should enforce national legislation if alleged infringements of trade of wildlife occur. No country is immune from this illegal trade although countries like Australia have their own specific wildlife crimes. Australia is home to many reptilian, amphibian and avian species that are highly prized, predominantly as pets. Collection of protected species from the wild is illegal in all jurisdictions yet policing remote areas of the outback, where so much of the native endemic fauna and flora lives, is nearly impossible. The illegal international trade in these species is highlighted by two case studies provided in this review. A further case highlights the issues of each of the six states of Australia having separate legislation, which is compounded when wildlife crime can be inter-state crime. Australia is one of the few countries having an institute, based at the Australian Museum, with an accredited wildlife forensic science laboratory and therefore the capability to undertake forensic testing of seized samples. One way to reduce wildlife crime may be by educating those who buy illegally seized products that there is a direct connection between the dead animal from which it came and the devasting effect this purchase has on the environment.

Nothing to laugh about – the ongoing illegal trade in laughingthrushes (Garrulax species) in the bird markets of Java, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS R. SHEPHERD ◽  
JAMES A. EATON ◽  
SERENE C. L. CHNG
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
Numerous Species

SummaryIn ad hoc survey inventories of eight major bird markets in Java in 2014 and 2015, 615 individuals from nine species of the Garrulax genus were found for sale. The most numerous species was Sunda Laughingthrush Garrulax palliatus (215 individuals), followed by Chinese Hwamei G. canorus and Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush G. mitratus. Prices collected in Jakarta revealed that non-native species were the most expensive. Information from these and previous surveys indicate that prices for Sumatran Laughingthrush Garrulax bicolor appeared to have soared since 2007, suggesting increasing rarity of the species. We urge the Indonesian Government to take action against the illegal trade in laughingthrushes under existing laws, especially for the Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush Garrulax rufifrons which is listed on the national protected species list. We also recommend that the Sumatran Laughingthrush Garrulax bicolor be listed as a protected species under Indonesian law. As wild populations of Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush and Sumatran Laughingthrush are threatened by trade, we recommend an urgent review of the conservation status of both species on the IUCN Red List.

Trade in dugong parts in Southern Bali

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1717-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Biqi Lee ◽  
Vincent Nijman
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Common Items

Dugong Dugong dugon Lacépède, 1799, a globally threatened marine mammal that occurs in the coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific Ocean, is traded in small numbers throughout their range. We surveyed 128 shops selling wildlife in seven (June 2013) and eight (July 2014) towns on the island of Bali, one of Indonesia's most popular tourist destinations. Dugongs are protected under Indonesian law and CITES Appendix I Iisting precludes international trade. Despite this dugong parts were observed in trade in Denpasar, Mengwi and Sanur where 14 traders were interviewed. We recorded over 130 dugong parts, including raw bones and teeth but also many carved items and some derivatives, with no noticeable difference between years. The most common items were cigarette pipes carved from, predominantly, dugong ribs, and decorative carvings from bone and teeth. The total value of the items observed was $1500–3000. The trade was open and qualitatively similar to trade in parts of non-protected species. Information from traders suggests that dugongs are caught throughout Indonesia, and are both targeted specifically and caught accidentally. It is imperative for the management of dugongs to take the illegal trade in dugong parts into account and for the authorities to curb the trade by taking appropriate action in line with Indonesia's legislation. Greater awareness of the plight of the dugong, including the impediments to their conservation posed by the illegal trade in body parts, by the residents of and visitors to Bali, may aid in pressuring the authorities to take these steps.

scholarly journals Forensic Analysis in Wildlife Crime Cases: Microscopy, DNA Profiling and Isotope Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Sahajpal ◽  
Sudhanshu Mishra ◽  
Deepika Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Wildlife Crime ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Wildlife Forensics

Illegal wildlife trade is one of the biggest threats to the environment and biodiversity. The growing volume of illegal trade in wildlife jeopardizes all the conservation efforts across the globe. Many species have become extinct due to the illegal wildlife trade and many have reached the verge of extinction. According to some estimates, the monetary values of the illegal wildlife trade are estimated to be several billion US dollars. To deal with wildlife crime cases, it becomes imperative to have a sound knowledge of the techniques required in the analysis of wildlife crime exhibits. In this chapter, we have outlined the three frequently used techniques in wildlife forensics viz. microscopy, DNA and isotope analysis for addressing the problems of species and individual identification, and additionally identification of the geographical origin of a wildlife sample. The basic essentials of these techniques have been discussed in this chapter.

ECOCRIMINOLOGY IN POLAND AND AROUND THE WORLD — A BALANCE SHEET OF PAST EXPERIENCE (WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH OFFER OF THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (SPECJALNY) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
WIESŁAW PŁYWACZEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Police Academy ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
The World ◽  
Land Water

Ecocriminology is one of the youngest research interests in the penal sciences. It is lectured in many renowned universities around the world, and since 2019, also in the Police Academy in Szczytno. The author presents the achievements in this fi eld, indicating its practical usefulness for law enforcement agencies, in particular in identifying organised forms of economic crime. These forms include smuggling and illegal trade in protected species of fl ora and fauna (so-called CITES crimes), smuggling and illegal trade in wastes, seizure of properties of particular value to the world’s natural heritage, land, water and air pollution, corruption, etc. The study has been enriched with a research part, in which the author presents the opinions of students—police offi cers of the Police Academy—on the educational activities in ecocriminology.

Turtles in Temple Ponds in Thailand: Species, Abundance, and Health Issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-232
Author(s):  
Jenjit Khudamrongsawat ◽  
Dhanyaporn Meetan ◽  
Nantarika Chansue
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The traditional practice of releasing turtles into temple ponds in Thailand, believed to benefit releasers, likely affects turtles’ welfare and impacts wild populations. We examined the species, abundance, and health of turtles in six temple ponds. Seven native turtle species and two exotic species were recorded. Most common were the yellow-headed temple turtle (Heosemys annandalii), a legally protected species, and the exotic red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). Almost all examined turtles showed signs of illness, the most common being shell lesions and excessive algal growth on shells. Poor sanitation and food quality, and limited space to bask, observed in all ponds, contributed to turtles’ poor health. We recommend using better-managed temple ponds as temporary rehabilitation centers and returning healthy native turtles to natural areas, while encouraging people to provide funds to support the turtles and discouraging the release of new turtles.

scholarly journals Analisis Studi Kelayakan Laboratorium Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam di SMPN 2 Tempurejo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Retno Bulan Amalatus ◽  
Risma Nur Alifha ◽  
Ifatus Sulviah Ningsih ◽  
Andi Hartono ◽  
Mohammad Ikbal
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Science Laboratory ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Study Laboratory

SMPN 2 Tempurejo merupakan salah satu sekolah dengan daerah terpencil yang memiliki fasilitas penuh terhadap mata pelajaran IPA. IPA adalah salah satu mata pelajaran yang mempelajari tentang fenomena alam dengan berbagai bidang kajian di dalamnya. IPA sangat erat kaitannya dengan praktikum dan laboratorium. Tidak etis rasanya mempelajari IPA tanpa melakukan praktikum di laboratorium. Dengan adanya sebuah permasalahan mengenai ruangan laboratorium yang multifungsi, maka peneliti bertujuan untuk melakukan studi kelayakan laboratorium IPA di SMPN 2 Tempurejo. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif analisis dengan instrumen wawancara kepada guru IPA di SMPN 2 Tempurejo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan ruangan yang multifungsi dapat menjalankan segala kegiatan laboratorium dengan semestinya, aman, dan tertib terhadap prosedur yang ada, serta dapat dikatakan layak dalam penggunaan laboratoriumnya. Kata Kunci: IPA, kelengkapan, laboratorium, praktikum, studi kelayakan    SMPN 2 Tempurejo is one of the schools in remote areas that has full facilities for science subjects. Science is a subject that studies natural phenomena with various fields of study in it. Science is closely related to practicum and laboratory. It is unethical to learn science without doing lab work. With a problem regarding a multifunctional laboratory room, the researchers aimed to conduct a feasibility study for the science laboratory at SMPN 2 Tempurejo. The method used is descriptive analysis method with interview instruments to science teachers at SMPN 2 Tempurejo. The results showed that a multifunctional room could carry out all laboratory activities properly, safely and in an orderly manner towards existing procedures, and it could be said that it was feasible to use the laboratory. Keywords: equipment, feasibility study, laboratory, natural science, practicum  

An Unusual Case of Mixed Mycetoma by Actinomycete and Aspergillus Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousuf Abd Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Poor Patient Compliance ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Difficulty Index ◽  
Almost All

Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is a neglected disease worldwide with severe physical and psychological consequences as many cases end up with amputation. Proper diagnosis with tissue culture is the cornerstone in management of these cases. Mycetoma can occur anywhere on body but feet are the most commonly reported affected part. Walking bare foot is the main predisposing factor. Delay in diagnosis, lack of expertise and diagnostic facilities in remote areas, poor patient compliance, and resistant nature of almost all the causative organisms contribute towards the difficulty index in the management of mycetoma cases. Mycetoma is caused by either fungi or actinomycetes with a very similar clinical presentation. Mixed infection with both is a rarity. This is a case report of mixed mycetoma caused by actinomycetes and fungi both, and author’s experience is shared to manage this difficult and unusual case.

PROBLEMS AND LIMITATION FACED BY FRANCO-GERMAN TANDEM AS TWIN ENGINE IN EUROPEAN UNION AS THE FUTURE LEADING PARTNER

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Fareeha Majeed
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Old French ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Post War ◽  
Almost All

Europe is a melting pot of diverse cultures, civilizations and amalgamation of various ethnicities. It is a land which faced many catastrophes, high intensity conflicts and wars. Two world wars have been fought on this land. Almost all the major nations participated directly or indirectly at massive scale. Franco-German axis is a term to explain the relations of both the countries in the context of their mutual cooperation and their significant role in contemporary political affairs of Europe. Post war era 1945, congenial atmosphere of synchronization between both the countries replaced three century old French- German hostility. This tandem performed active role not only in the politically integrated European nation but also they played a vital role in the formation of single currency euro as well. Comparatively their functioning is becoming slow but they are still necessary for future of Europe. It is a general impression that the FrancoGerman alliance is facing critical phase, or in other words they are no longer being capable to act as the twin motor of European integration but Euro pe do not have an appropriate replacement. As far as the future of Franco-German relationship or leadership is concerned it acted necessary of European Union’s twin motor in the past but in recent years national interest became more supreme than the interest of European Union as a whole.

scholarly journals Environmental and Wildlife Crime in Sweden from 2000 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stassen ◽  
Vania Ceccato
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Wildlife Crime ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
Police Records ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Newspaper Articles

This study combines police records with newspaper articles (media archives) to report the nature and trends of environmental and wildlife crime (EWC) in Sweden from 2000 to 2017. Geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial statistical techniques are used to implement a temporal and spatial analysis of EWC in Swedish municipalities, which are split into three types: urban, accessible rural, and remote rural. Findings show that following the 2006 legal reform that increased possibilities for prosecuting EWC, the number of both police-recorded cases and newspaper articles increased and eventually stabilized. They also show that although the majority of EWCs are minor crimes, particularly in urban municipalities, many of the more serious crimes show chronic temporal and spatial patterns in more rural and remote areas. The persistence of certain serious crimes over time is interpreted as an indication that the costs of breaking environmental law are low relative to economic gains. Then, drawing from criminological theory, the article finishes by discussing implications to research and policy.

scholarly journals Illegal trade and conservation requirements of freshwater turtles in Nanmao, Hainan Province, China

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Shiping ◽  
Wang Jichao ◽  
Shi Haitao ◽  
Song Riheng ◽  
Xu Rumei
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

China has one of the world's most diverse freshwater turtle faunas but is also a major consumer of freshwater turtles. In the 1980s over-collecting, illegal trade and habitat destruction increased dramatically, pushing almost all Chinese turtles towards extinction. Despite the critical status of Chinese turtles little has been done to quantify and evaluate the impact of illegal activities on wild populations. We used a combination of market surveys and questionnaires to examine the illegal trade and conservation status of native freshwater turtles in Nanmao, Hainan Province, from February to August 2003. We found a total of 245 collected freshwater turtles comprising eight species. These data indicate that Nanmao has a rich freshwater turtle fauna that is being affected heavily by illegal poaching. No effective measures have been taken to protect the few remaining wild turtle populations. The main factors that lead to illegal trade include the cultural belief that turtles are a viable food/medicine product, lack of conservation awareness, poaching of turtles as a supplement to income, and poor law enforcement. Possible conservation strategies are discussed.

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