How “Proficient” Is Proficient? Comparison of English and Relative Proficiency Rating as a Predictor of Bilingual Listeners' Word Recognition

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Feng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
First Language ◽  
English Word ◽  
Northwestern University ◽  
Test Population ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Group 1

Purpose The current study attempted to validate that English proficiency self-ratings predict bilinguals' recognition of English words as reported in Shi (2011) and to explore whether relative proficiency ratings (English vs. first language) improve prediction. Method One hundred and twenty-four participants in Shi (2011) and an additional set of 145 participants were included (Groups 1 and 2, respectively) in this study. All listeners rated their proficiency in listening, speaking, and reading (English and first language) on an 11-point scale and listened to a list of words from the Northwestern University Auditory Tests No. 6 (Tillman & Carhart, 1966) at 45 dB HL in quiet. Results English proficiency ratings by Group 2 yielded sensitivity/specificity values comparable to those of Group 1 (Shi, 2011) in predicting word recognition. A cutoff of 8 or 9 in minimum English proficiency rating across listening, speaking, and reading resulted in the best combination of prediction sensitivity/specificity. When relative proficiency was used, prediction of Group 1 performance significantly improved as compared to English proficiency. Improvement was slight for Group 2, mainly due to low specificity. Conclusion Self-rated English proficiency provides clinically acceptable sensitivity/specificity values as a predictor of bilinguals' English word recognition. Relative proficiency has the potential to further improve predictive power, but the size of improvement depends on the characteristics of the test population.

scholarly journals Native Language Interference in English L2 Word Recognition and Word Integration Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nazanin Biglari ◽  
Esli Struys
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Native Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
English Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
French Speaking

The current study was planned to investigate the interference of the native language in English word recognition and word integration skills in L1 speakers of French and Persian. The participants of the study were 48 intermediate and upper intermediate native Persian and French-speaking EFL learners studying in VUB and ULB universities in Brussels, Belgium. All in all, based on the results of ANCOVA, there was a strong and positive relationship between EFL learners' word recognition and word integration skills and their L1(first language). The RT (reaction time) resulting from the LDT (lexical decision task) showed that the Persian EFL participants were able to outperform French EFL participants, though Persian and English are orthographically and typologically distant languages. On the other hand, in a word integration task, French participants showed superiority over Persian participants in the direct object reading time that emphasized the positive aspect of L1 interference as facilitation.

scholarly journals Adult validation of a self-administered tablet audiometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bastianelli ◽  
Amy E. Mark ◽  
Arran McAfee ◽  
David Schramm ◽  
Renée Lefrançois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Recognition Testing ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background There is evidence to suggest that rates of hearing loss are increasing more rapidly than the capacity of traditional audiometry resources for screening. A novel innovation in tablet, self-administered portable audiometry has been proposed as a solution to this discordance. The primary objective of this study was to validate a tablet audiometer with adult patients in a clinical setting. Secondarily, word recognition with a tablet audiometer was compared against conventional audiometry. Methods Three distinct prospective adult cohorts underwent testing. In group 1 and group 2 testing with the automated tablet audiometer was compared to standard sound booth audiometry. In Group 1, participants’ pure tone thresholds were measured with an automated tablet audiometer in a quiet clinic exam room. In Group 2, participants completed monosyllabic word recognition testing using the NU-6 word lists. In Group 3, internal reliability was tested by having participants perform two automated tablet audiometric evaluation in sequence. Results Group 1 included 40 patients mean age was 54.7 ± 18.4 years old and 60% female; Group 2 included 44 participants mean age was 55.2 ± 14.8 years old and 68.2% female; Group 3 included 40 participants with mean age of 39.4 + 15.9 years old and 60.5% female. In Group 1, compared to standard audiometry, 95.7% (95% CI: 92.6–98.9%) of thresholds were within 10 dB. In Group 2, comparing word recognition results, 96.2% (95% CI: 89.5–98.7%) were clinically equivalent and within a critical difference range. In Group 3, One-way Intraclass Correlation for agreement for the both left- and right-ear pure tone average was 0.98. The mean difference between repeat assessments was 0 (SD = 2.1) in the left ear, and 0.1 (SD = 1.1) in the right ear. Conclusion Puretone audiometry and word recognition testing appears valid when performed by non-healthcare experts using a tablet audiometer outside a sound booth in a quiet environment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02761798. Registered April, 2016 < https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02761798>

Conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features in sclerosing adenosis and correlation with pathology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sihui Shao ◽  
Minghua Yao ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Chunxiao Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Features ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Sclerosing Adenosis ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differential diagnosis of sclerosing adenosis (SA) from malignance and investigate the correlated features with pathology. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 103 pathologically confirmed SA. All lesions were evaluated with conventional US while 31 lesions with CEUS. Lesions were divided into SA with or without benign lesions (Group 1, n = 81) and SA with malignancy (Group 2, n = 22). Performance of two methods were analyzed. The ultrasonographic characteristics were compared between two groups with Student’s t-test for measurement and chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for count data. RESULTS: There were 22 lesions complicated with malignancy, and the mean age of Group 2 was higher than Group 1 (55.27 vs. 41.57, p <  0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of conventional US and CEUS were 95.45%, 46.91%, 57.28% and 100%, 62.5%, 70.97%. Angularity (p <  0.001), spicules (p = 0.023), calcification (p = 0.026) and enlarged scope (p = 0.012) or crab claw-like enhancement (p = 0.008) in CEUS were more frequent detected in SA with malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Though CEUS showed an improved accuracy, the performance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of SA was limited. Awareness and careful review of the histopathologically related imaging features can be helpful in the diagnosis of SA.

How “Proficient” Is Proficient? Bilingual Listeners' Recognition of English Words in Noise

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Feng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
English Word ◽  
The Other ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Youden’S Index

Purpose Shi (2011, 2013) obtained sensitivity/specificity measures of bilingual listeners' English and relative proficiency ratings as the predictor of English word recognition in quiet. The current study investigated how relative proficiency predicted word recognition in noise. Method Forty-two monolingual and 168 bilingual normal-hearing listeners were included. Bilingual listeners rated their proficiency in listening, speaking, and reading in English and in the other language using an 11-point scale. Listeners were presented with 50 English monosyllabic words in quiet at 45 dB HL and in multitalker babble with a signal-to-noise ratio of +6 and 0 dB. Results Data in quiet confirmed Shi's (2013) finding that relative proficiency with or without dominance predicted well whether bilinguals performed on par with the monolingual norm. Predicting the outcome was difficult for the 2 noise conditions. To identify bilinguals whose performance fell below the normative range, dominance per se or a combination of dominance and average relative proficiency rating yielded the best sensitivity/specificity and summary measures, including Youden's index. Conclusion Bilinguals' word recognition is more difficult to predict in noise than in quiet; however, proficiency and dominance variables can predict reasonably well whether bilinguals may perform at a monolingual normative level.

scholarly journals MDCT in the Differentiation of Adrenal Masses: Comparison between Different Scan Delays for the Evaluation of Intralesional Washout

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Angelelli ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Mancini ◽  
Marco Moschetta ◽  
Pasquale Pedote ◽  
Pasquale Pignataro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Patient Discomfort ◽  
Examination Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adrenal Masses ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Group 1

Purpose. To evaluate the accuracy of the washout in the differential diagnosis between adenomas and nonadenomas and to compare the obtained results in delayed CT scans at 5, 10 and 15 minutes.Methods. Fifty patients with adrenal masses were prospectively evaluated. CT scans were performed by using a 320-row MDCT device, before and after injection of contrast material. In 25 cases, delayed scans were performed at 5′ and 10′ (group 1), while in the remaining 25, at 5′ and 15′ (group 2). Absolute and relative wash-out percentage values (APW and RPW) were calculated.Results. Differential diagnosis between adenomas and nonadenomas was obtained in 48/50 (96%) cases, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of 96%, 95%, and 96%, respectively. In group 1, APW and RPW values were, respectively, 69.8% and 67.2% at 5′ and 75.9% and 73.5% at 10′ for adenomas and 25.1% and 15.8% at 5′ and 33.5% and 20.5% at 10′ for nonadenomas. In group 2, APW and RPW values were 63% and 54.6% at 5′ and 73.8% and 65.5% at 15′ for adenomas and 22% and 12.5% at 5′ and 35.5% and 19.9% at 15′ for nonadenomas.Conclusions. The evaluation of the wash-out values in CT scans performed at 5′, 10′, and 15′ provides comparable diagnostic results. CT scans performed at 5′ are, therefore, to be preferred, since they reduce the examination time and patient discomfort.

scholarly journals Using Artificial Intelligence Reading Label System in Diabetic Retinopathy Grading Training of Junior Ophthalmology Residents and Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoan Han ◽  
Weihong Yu ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
Youxin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Kappa Score ◽  
Resident Students ◽  
Label System ◽  
Color Fundus Images ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose Evaluate the efficiency of using artificial intelligence reading label system in diabetic retinopathy grading training of junior ophthalmology resident doctors and medical students. Methods Loading 520 diabetic retinopathy patients’ color fundus images in the artificial intelligence reading label system. 13 participants (including 6 junior ophthalmology residents and 7 medical students) read the images randomly for 8 rounds. They evaluated the grading of images and labeled the typical lesions. The sensitivity, specificity and kappa score were determined by comparison with the participants’ results and expert golden standards. Results Through 8 round reading, average kappa score was elevated from 0.67 to 0.81. Average kappa score of round 1 to 4 was 0.77, and average kappa score of round 5 to 8 was 0.81. The participant was divided into two groups. Participants in group 1 were junior ophthalmology resident students and participants in group 2 were medical doctors. Average kappa score of group 1 was elevated from 0.71 to 0.76. Average kappa score of group 2 was elevated from 0.63 to 0.84. Conclusion The artificial intelligence reading label system was a useful tool in training resident doctors and medical students in doing diabetic retinopathy grading.

scholarly journals Evaluation of serum procalcitonin as a significant marker in cases of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis: a two year study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Harsha Kumar Koramutla ◽  
Balakondaiah Koyagura ◽  
Bijju Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Group 1

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Acute bone infections like septic arthritis and osteomyelitis are a serious threat in management and diagnosis in the department of orthopaedics. Biochemical marker is needed with good sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing acute bone and joint infections. The aim of the present study was to study the role of PCT in conditions of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A two year prospective study was done and cases were grouped into three group and laboratory parameters TC, ESR, CRP and PCT were measured. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were compared using SPSS software version 20.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 238 patients, (males- 154 &amp; Females– 84) with mean age 34.1±8.20 years. Group-1 included 52 patients with raised PCT and MRSA and <em>Klebsiella</em> as the common isolates. Group-2 with 89 patients and mean PCT in the study group was 4.99 ng/ml. Ninety seven were included in Group-3. The mean PCT value was 2.6 ng/ml. In group-1, the specificity of PCT (comparing Group-1 &amp; 3) was 96.8 [95% CI, 94.2 -98.4], the sensitivity (26% [3.2-60.1], the PPV 16.1% [95% CI 2.3-48.3] and the NPV was 98% [95% CI, 95.5-99.8].</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> To conclude our study, highlights the role of PCT as a sensitive and specific marker in diagnosing cases of septic arthritis and Osteomyelitis. This opens a gateway to further research in evaluating the PCT effectiveness as a response marker to treatment. PCT is more sensitive than CRP in acute bone and joint bacterial infections and raises early and faster.</p>

scholarly journals DRAIN AMYLASE ON THE FIRST POSTOPERATIVE DAY OF WHIPPLE SURGERY: WHAT VALUE IS THE BEST PREDICTOR FOR EARLY DRAIN REMOVAL?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enio Campos AMICO ◽  
Ítalo Medeiros de AZEVEDO ◽  
Marcos Vinicius de Lira FERNANDES ◽  
Mariane Albuquerque REIS ◽  
Samir Assi JOÃO
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Pancreatic Fistula ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Drain Removal ◽  
Pancreatic Resections ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Drain Amylase ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Background: The value of drain amylase on the first postoperative day after pancreatic resections has been described as an efficient predictor of pancreatic fistula. In spite of this, the cut-off point below which the drains can be removed early remains controversial. Aim: Validate the use of the amylase on the 1st postoperative day in the correlation with pancreatic fistula and define the value at which early drain removal is safe. Method: Were included patients undergoing Whipple surgery in the period of 2007 to 2016. Group 1 enrolled the ones who did not develop fistula and those who developed biochemical fistula for less than seven days postoperatively and group 2 included patients who developed persistent biochemical fistula between seven and 21 days and those with grade B and C fistula. Results: Sixty-one patients were included, 41 comprised group 1 and 20 group 2. The incidence of abdominal collections, need for reoperation and time of hospitalization were for group 1 and 2, respectively: 17.1%, 17.1% and 9.5 days, and 65%, 40% and 21.1 days. The median of the amylase from the drain at 1st postoperative day was in group 1 and 2, respectively: 175 U/l and 3172.5 U/l (p=0.001). Using a cut-off of 180 to predict the group to which the patient would belong there was obtained sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 100%, 48.8%, 50% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: It was validated the cut-off value of 180 U/l as appropriate to early drain removal.

scholarly journals Implementation and Application of an Intelligent Pterygium Diagnosis System Based on Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Peng-Zhi Zhu ◽  
Kai He ◽  
Wei-Hua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Diagnosis System ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Group 1

Objective: This study aims to implement and investigate the application of a special intelligent diagnostic system based on deep learning in the diagnosis of pterygium using anterior segment photographs.Methods: A total of 1,220 anterior segment photographs of normal eyes and pterygium patients were collected for training (using 750 images) and testing (using 470 images) to develop an intelligent pterygium diagnostic model. The images were classified into three categories by the experts and the intelligent pterygium diagnosis system: (i) the normal group, (ii) the observation group of pterygium, and (iii) the operation group of pterygium. The intelligent diagnostic results were compared with those of the expert diagnosis. Indicators including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa value, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), as well as 95% confidence interval (CI) and F1-score were evaluated.Results: The accuracy rate of the intelligent diagnosis system on the 470 testing photographs was 94.68%; the diagnostic consistency was high; the kappa values of the three groups were all above 85%. Additionally, the AUC values approached 100% in group 1 and 95% in the other two groups. The best results generated from the proposed system for sensitivity, specificity, and F1-scores were 100, 99.64, and 99.74% in group 1; 90.06, 97.32, and 92.49% in group 2; and 92.73, 95.56, and 89.47% in group 3, respectively.Conclusion: The intelligent pterygium diagnosis system based on deep learning can not only judge the presence of pterygium but also classify the severity of pterygium. This study is expected to provide a new screening tool for pterygium and benefit patients from areas lacking medical resources.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

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