Developmental Change in Auditory Preferences for Speech Stimuli in Japanese Infants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Hayashi ◽  
Yuji Tamekawa ◽  
Shigeru Kiritani
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Japanese Infants

The developmental change in auditory preferences for speech stimuli was investigated for Japanese infants aged 4–14 months old. We conducted three experiments using two speech pairs in the head-turn preference procedure. Infant-directed (ID) speech and adult-directed (AD) speech stimuli were used in a longitudinal study (Experiment 1) and a cross-sectional study (Experiment 2). Native (Japanese) and non-native (English) speech stimuli were used in a cross-sectional study (Experiment 3). In all experiments, infants demonstrated a developmental change in their listening preference. For the ID/AD speech pair used in Experiments 1 and 2, infants show a U-shaped developmental shift with three developmental stages: Stage 1, in which very young infants tend to prefer ID speech over AD speech; Stage 2, in which the preference for ID speech decreases temporarily; and Stage 3, in which older infants again show a consistent preference for ID speech. For the native/non-native speech pair, there is a tendency for an increased preference for native speech over non-native speech, although infants did not demonstrate a U-shaped pattern. The difference in developmental pattern between the two types of speech pairs was discussed.

scholarly journals Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome among Booked and Unbooked Patients at tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽  
Rakina Bhansakarya ◽  
Sajjan Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked cases. Objectives: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in unbooked and booked patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Augustti2019 to January 2020. Using a convenient sampling technique, 204 samples were taken and cross-sectional study was done. Results: There were total 204 cases in this study;102were booked and 102 were unbooked. In this study, 85(83%) of booked cases were educated up to secondary level as compared toti65 (64%) of unbooked cases. There was no significant difference in Apgar score in 1 and 5 minute between booked and unbooked cases. More babies in the unbooked group were transferred to NICU as compared to the booked group and the difference was significant (9.8%vs 1.9%). Greater proportion of booked cases had spontaneous vaginal delivery (81.3% vs 59.8%) and complications like preterm delivery, anemia, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, complicated labor and puerperal sepsis was also less in the booked group. Conclusions: The study showed that unbooked mothers and their newborns had higher chance of having complications.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study to compare the biochemical parameters in low normal versus high normal plasma glucose levels in euglycemic individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Jhavar ◽  
Neha Kirti ◽  
Sumit Kumar Vishwakarma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Chandra ◽  
Vinod Verma
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Since a long time ago, the experts have realized that determination of cut-off point for diagnosing diabetes will be revised over time with the lower blood glucose level as the more sensitive diagnosis for detecting the occurring complication and biochemical changes.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital Indore from July, 2016 to August, 2017 in 200 individuals and patients having euglycemic status attending General Medicine OPD.Results: In the low and high normal group 2 (2.0%) and 8 (8.0%) were having abnormal total cholesterol (TC) level respectively. The mean total cholesterol in the low normal group was 117.16±26.94mg/dl and it was 154.74±28.38mg/dl in the high normal group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.000). In the low and high normal group, 4 (4.0%) and 17 (17.0%) were having abnormal triglyceride (TG) levels respectively. The mean TG levels in the low and high normal group were 96.93±22.64mg/dl and 110.55±32.37mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.001). In the low and high normal group, 6 (6.0%) and 14 (14.0%) patient was having abnormal uric acid levels respectively. The mean uric acid levels in the low and high normal group was 4.88±1.10mg/dl and 5.31±1.31mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.013).Conclusions: Higher levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides were found more commonly in high normal euglycemic group compared to low normal euglycemic group. Mean cholesterol and mean triglyceride levels were higher in high normal euglycemic group.

scholarly journals Kelas Edukasi Menyusui Sebagai Penunjang Keberhasilan Memberikan ASI Eksklusif

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Shelly Puspa Anggraini ◽  
Retna Siwi Padmawati ◽  
Madarina Julia
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Class ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Depth Interviews

Breastfeeding education classes as a support for exclusive breastfeeding successPurposeThe purpose of this paper was to examine the difference of maternal participation in breastfeeding education class AIMI (Indonesian Breastfeeding Association) and the success of exclusive breastfeeding.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 186 mothers. We used in-depth interviews of mothers who had attended AIMI Yogyakarta's breastfeeding education class.ResultsAs many as 88.6% of respondents gave exclusive breastfeeding. Of those who attended only one class, 88.9% gave exclusive breastfeeding, while 88.6% in the group who attended the two educational classes gave exclusive breastfeeding. There was no difference between mothers who attended one class or two classes of education on exclusive breastfeeding success.ConclusionThis study contributes to the knowledge that there is no difference between mothers attending one class or two classes of education on exclusive breastfeeding success.

Wideband Absorbance in Young Infants (0–6 months): A Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 471-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreedevi Aithal ◽  
Joseph Kei ◽  
Carlie Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Data Points

Background: Wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) studies on infants have shown changes in WAI measures with age. These changes are attributed, at least in part, to developmental effects. However, developmental effects in young infants (0–6 mo) on WAI have not been systematically investigated. Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare wideband absorbance (WBA) in healthy neonates and infants aged 1, 2, 4, and 6 mo. Research Design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. All participants were assessed by using 1-kHz tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests, and WBA tests. Study Sample: Participants included 35 newborns (35 ears), 16 infants aged 1 mo (29 ears), 16 infants aged 2 mo (29 ears), 15 infants aged 4 mo (28 ears), and 14 infants aged 6 mo (27 ears). For each participant, the ears that passed both high-frequency (1-kHz) tympanometry and DPOAE tests were included for analysis. Data Collection and Analysis: WBA was recorded at ambient pressure conditions, and the response consisted of 16 data points at 1/3-octave frequencies from 0.25 to 8 kHz. A mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the data in each age group to evaluate the effects of sex, ear, and frequency on WBA. WBA was compared between various age groups. In addition, a separate mixed-model ANOVA was applied to WBA data, and post hoc analyses with the Bonferroni correction were performed at each of the 16 data points at 1/3-octave frequencies across age groups to examine the effect of age on WBA. Results: For all age groups, WBA was highest between 1.5 and 5 kHz and lowest at frequencies of less than 1.5 kHz and greater than 5 kHz. A developmental trend was evident, with both the 0- and 6-mo-old infants being significantly different from other age groups at most frequencies. The WBA results exhibited a multipeaked pattern for infants aged 0 to 2 mo, whereas a single broad peaked pattern for 4- and 6-mo-old infants was observed. The difference in WBA between 0- and 6-mo-old infants was statistically significant across most frequencies. In contrast, the WBA results for 1- and 2-mo-old infants were comparable. There were no significant sex or ear effects on WBA for all age groups. Conclusions: Developmental effects of WBA were evident for infants during the first 6 mo of life. The WBA data can be used as a reference for detecting disorders in the sound-conductive pathways (outer and middle ear) in young infants. Further development of age-specific normative WBA data in young infants is warranted.

Socioeconomic and gender inequalities in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India: a repeated cross-sectional study, 2005–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 660-667
Author(s):  
Omar Karlsson ◽  
Rockli Kim ◽  
William Joe ◽  
S V Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

BackgroundIn India, excess female under-5 mortality is well documented. Under-5 mortality is also known to be patterned by socioeconomic factors. This study examines sex differentials and sex-specific wealth gradients in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India.MethodsRepeated cross-sectional study of nationally representative samples of 298 955 children 0–60 months old from the National Family Health Surveys conducted in 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. The study used logistic regression models as well as Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOverall, boys had greater neonatal mortality than girls and the difference increased between 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. Girls had greater postneonatal and child mortality, but the difference decreased between the surveys and was not statistically significant for child mortality in 2015–2016. A negative wealth gradient was found for all mortality outcomes. Neonatal mortality was persistently greater for boys. Girls had higher child mortality than boys at low levels of wealth and greater postneonatal mortality over much of the wealth distribution. The wealth gradient in neonatal mortality increased between surveys. Females had a stronger wealth gradient than boys for child mortality.ConclusionNot distinguishing between neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality masks important gender-specific and wealth-specific disparities in under-5 mortality in India. Substantial gains towards the Sustainable Development Goals can be made by combating neonatal mortality, especially at low levels of wealth. Although impressive improvements have been made in reducing the female disadvantage in postneonatal and child mortality, concerted engagements are necessary to eliminate the gender gap—especially in poor households and in north India.

scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CHILDHOOD POISONING

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 069-072
Author(s):  
Pratik Vijay Tarvadi ◽  
Shankar M. Bakkannavar ◽  
Vikram Palimar ◽  
G. Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Mahabalesh Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Childhood Poisoning ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: Accidental paediatric poisoning is a common medical emergency and also associated with a high morbidity and mortality in children. In developing countries like India, the poisoning emergencies are becoming a major cause of mortality in infants and toddlers. Among the various studies done on poisoning cases in our country, the study on poisoning is more or less only on adults and hence this study is taken up to understand the number of childhood poisoning cases (based on gender). Method: A ten year record based cross sectional study from January 1999 to December 2008 was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, to understand the magnitude of childhood poisoning cases among males and females at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Results: Male children were predominantly affected (male: female::1.32: 1). Most of the poisoning cases occurred at home in both the genders with boy to girl ratio based on percentage in indoor poisoning being 0.92:1 and boy to girl ratio based on percentage in outcome being 1.06:1. Conclusion: Our study examines the difference in place and outcome of poisoning among boys and girls to identify population at risk and give suggestions so as to reduce the morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Stigmatisation associated with COVID-19 in the general Colombian population

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402097244
Author(s):  
Carlos Arturo Cassiani-Miranda ◽  
Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽  
Andrés Felipe Tirado-Otálvaro ◽  
Luz Adriana Botero-Tobón ◽  
Luz Dary Upegui-Arango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Additional Problem ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, the fear of infection increases and, with it, the stigma-discrimination, which makes it an additional problem of the epidemic. However, studies about stigma associated with coronavirus are scarce worldwide. Aims: To determine the association between stigmatisation and fear of COVID-19 in the general population of Colombia. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 1,687 adults between 18 and 76 years old ( M = 36.3; SD = 12.5), 41.1% health workers, filled out an online questionnaire on Stigma-Discrimination and the COVID-5 Fear Scale, adapted by the research team. Results: The proportion of high fear of COVID-19 was 34.1%; When comparing the affirmative answers to the questionnaire on stigma-discrimination towards COVID-19, it was found that the difference was significantly higher in the general population compared to health workers in most of the questions evaluated, which indicates a high level of stigmatisation in that group. An association between high fear of COVID-19 and stigma was evidenced in 63.6% of the questions in the questionnaire. Conclusion: Stigma-discrimination towards COVID-19 is frequent in the Colombian population and is associated with high levels of fear towards said disease, mainly people who are not health workers.

scholarly journals Maternal haemoglobin and neo-natal haemoglobin status: a hospital based study in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chaturvedi ◽  
Deepak Chaturvedi ◽  
Prita Naz Dubraj ◽  
A. K. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Iron Requirement ◽  
The Difference

Background: Haemoglobin of foetus increases with advancing gestational age. During pregnancy, fetal demand for iron increases maternal daily iron requirement from first trimester to third trimester. Late cord clamping may result in delivery of extra blood as well as iron to newborn. The cause of worry here is that maternal anaemia is a significant cause of direct and indirect morbidity and mortality both for pregnant mother and her foetus/neonate.Methods: To determine maternal and neonatal haemoglobin status we conducted a cross sectional study comprising 217 pregnant women and their children in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.Results: Mean neonatal haemoglobin in controls was 18.13±1.14 g/dl whereas that in cases was 17.21±1.38 g/dl and the difference was statistically significant. Among the 97 cases 23 mothers had babies with neonatal haemoglobin below 14g/dl. In controls only 17 out of 120 mothers had babies with neonatal haemoglobin below 14g/dl (p value<0.01).Conclusions: Present study demonstrated that the neonatal haemoglobin is lower in anemic mothers and that the decrease appears to be proportional to the degree of anemia.

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