Motherhood and Schizophrenic Illnesses: A Review of the Literature

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bosanac ◽  
Anne Buist ◽  
Graham Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorders ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To provide an overview of the current knowledge on the impact of motherhood on women with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Method: The published literature was selectively reviewed and assessed, based on a complete MEDLINE and PsychLIT (1971 to current) search, including English and non-English journals and books. Results: Research to date into motherhood and schizophrenic illnesses has been limited by a number of methodological constraints, limiting the ability to draw conclusions and the prevention of relapses and mother-infant difficulties. These constraints have included: a paucity of prospective studies with initial, antenatal recruitment; variable definitions of the length of the puerperium; significant changes in psychiatric classification; the heterogeneity of postpartum psychotic disorders, with the majority being mood or schizoaffective disorder rather than schizophrenia; selection biases inherent in studying mother-baby unit inpatients; difficulties in life events research in general, such as its retrospective nature and confounding, illness factors; and the specificity versus non-specificity of childbirth as a unique or discrete life event. Conclusions: Further study is required to explore: the impact of child care, parenting and having a partner on the course of women with schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders during the first postpartum year; whether women with postpartum relapses of these mental illnesses are likely to have slower recoveries than those women with the same diagnoses but without young children; and protective factors against postpartum relapse.

scholarly journals Paliperidone to Treat Psychotic Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-358
Author(s):  
Hormazd D. Minwalla ◽  
Peter Wrzesinski ◽  
Allison Desforges ◽  
Joshua Caskey ◽  
Brittany Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

Purpose of Review: This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of paliperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. It covers the background and presentation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, as well as the mechanism of action and drug information for paliperidone. It covers the existing evidence of the use of paliperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Recent Findings: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder lead to significant cognitive impairment. It is thought that dopamine dysregulation is the culprit for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Similar to other second-generation antipsychotics, paliperidone has affinity for dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Paliperidone was granted approval in the United States in 2006 to be used in the treatment of schizophrenia and in 2009 for schizoaffective disorder. Summary: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have a large impact on cognitive impairment, positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Patients with either of these mental illnesses suffer from impairments in everyday life. Paliperidone has been shown to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

scholarly journals Perception and Impact of Life Events in Medically Hospitalized Patients With Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 699-705
Author(s):  
Katherine K. Bedard-Thomas ◽  
Simona Bujoreanu ◽  
Christine H. Choi ◽  
Patricia I. Ibeziako
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Academic Events ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES: We describe the prevalence and perceived impact of life events reported by medically hospitalized patients with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD) and highlight patient characteristics and outcomes associated with highly impactful life events. METHODS: Retrospective chart reviews were conducted of patients with SSRD at a tertiary pediatric hospital who were seen by the psychiatry consultation service and completed various instruments while medically admitted, including a de novo life events checklist. Descriptive statistics, correlations, χ2 tests, and internal consistency analyses were used. RESULTS: Charts of 70.2% of patients with SSRD who completed the life events checklist (N = 172; age range 8–25 years) were reviewed. Of those studied, 94% reported at least 1 life event in the last year, with academic events most prevalent, 81% reported life events across multiple domains, and 56% perceived the life event(s) as having a great impact on their lives. Patients who perceived more great impact life events were older, from households with lower median incomes, had higher self-reported somatization, greater functional disability, more comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, required more psychotropic medications, and had longer medical admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Findings reveal that although the majority of medically hospitalized patients with SSRD reported at least 1 relevant life event, it was the patients’ perception of the impact of the life event(s) that correlated with high levels of disability and health care use. An assessment of the perception of life events in patients with SSRD may help hospitalists and interdisciplinary providers identify high-risk patients for whom early psychiatry referrals can be made.

scholarly journals Racism, racial life events and mental ill health

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Oyedeji Ayonrinde
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact

The association of life events with the onset of various psychiatric disorders is well-known. The body of evidence has highlighted the impact of negative or positive life events on the genesis of common mental disorders, especially depression. These findings have been replicated across different cultures, although the impact of different life events varies between cultures. In addition, the roles of chronic difficulties (defined in Life events and psychiatric disorders, below) and resulting ongoing chronic stress have been shown to contribute to vulnerability to certain mental illnesses. However, data on the impact of life events, especially those perceived as racial, on members of minority ethnic groups are rather sparse. The questions that need to be addressed concern the perception of life events as racial, the role of pervasive and perceived institutional and individual racism, and chronic difficulties.

scholarly journals T82. THE IMPACT OF SMOKING ON LIFE EXPECTANCY IN PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS, AN ELECTRONIC CASE REGISTER COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S263-S263
Author(s):  
Edward Chesney ◽  
Deborah Robson ◽  
Rashmi Patel ◽  
Hitesh Shetty ◽  
Sol Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar affective disorder are associated with a life expectancy at birth that is 10–20 years shorter than in the general population. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in people with these disorders is very high, but the extent to which this accounts for differences in mortality is unclear. We addressed this issue by examining the effect of smoking on life expectancy and survival in a large electronic healthcare database of patients receiving secondary mental healthcare in South East London. Methods Data on all patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar affective disorder from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2018 was obtained. Smoking status was determined using unstructured text data extracted from electronic health records. Chiang’s method of abridged life tables was used to calculate estimates of life expectancy at birth according to gender and most commonly recorded smoking status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate mortality risk and adjusted for a broad range of demographic and clinical variables. Results 21,588 patients were included in the study of which 20,155 (93.4%) were classified as either smokers (16,717 [77.4%]) or non-smokers (3,438 (15.9%]). 2,434 (11.3%) participants died by the end of the observation period. In female patients, life expectancy at birth was 67.6 years in current smokers (95% CI: 66.4 to 68.8) and 74.9 years in non-smokers (95% CI: 72.8 to 77.0). In male patients, life expectancy at birth was 63.5 years in current smokers (95% CI: 62.5 to 64.5) and 68.5 years in non-smokers (95% CI: 64.4 to 72.6). Adjusted survival models showed that current smoking was associated with an increased risk of death, in both females (aHR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.21–1.66) and males (aHR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.25–1.79). Discussion Smoking may account for a substantial proportion of the reduced life expectancy in patients with psychotic disorders. Interventions to reduce tobacco smoking in patients with psychosis may therefore improve life expectancy in this group.

The Effect of Widowhood on the Health Status of Older Persons

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Interest in the relationship between stress and the onset of illness has stimulated research on the impact of various life events on health status. This article is an analysis of the health consequences of widowhood—the life event considered to require the most readjustment. Considering both objective and subjective measures of health, a structural equation model is developed and tested with panel data of a sample of elders. The findings indicate that widowhood results in an immediate decrease in perceived health but that the long-term consequences are minimal. Also, certain categories of elders shown to be health optimistic are able to maintain their optimism after widowhood. The results are interpreted as reflecting relativity in medical perceptions and favor a transitional model for explaining the normalization of disability.

A Crisis Assessment Technique for the Evaluation of Life Events: Transition to Retirement as an Example

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Martin Matthews ◽  
Kathleen H. Brown ◽  
Christine K. Davis ◽  
Margaret A. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Transition To Retirement ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the design and utility of a ‘Crisis Assessment Technique’ for measuring the impact of selected life events as perceived by individuals who have actually experienced them. Using the transition to retirement as an example, the utility of such a measure for assessing the relative impact of given events, is demonstrated. Analysis of data on 300 recently retired men and women in south western Ontario suggests that retirement from one's work is not as critical a life event as previous measures suggest.

scholarly journals The Impact of the FKBP5 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relationship between Traumatic Life Events and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Non-Clinical Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Filip Stramecki ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Katarzyna Prochwicz ◽  
Joanna Kłosowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Common variations of the FKBP5 gene are implicated in psychotic disorders, by modulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis reactivity to stress. It has been demonstrated that some of them might moderate the effects of childhood trauma on psychosis proneness. However, these associations have not been investigated with respect to traumatic life events (TLEs). Therefore, we aimed to explore whether the FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate the effects of TLEs on the level of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). A total of 535 non-clinical adults were approached for participation, and genotyping of six FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs3800373, rs9470080, rs4713902, rs737054, rs1360780 and rs9296158) was performed. The Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16) and the Traumatic Events Checklist (TEC) were administered to assess PLEs and TLEs, respectively. Among the rs1360780 CC homozygotes, a history of physical abuse was associated with significantly higher PQ-16 scores. This difference was not significant in the rs1360780 T allele carriers. Similarly, a history of physical abuse was associated with significantly higher PQ-16 scores in the rs9296158 GG homozygotes but not in the rs9296158 A allele carriers. Finally, emotional neglect was related to significantly higher PQ-16 scores in the rs737054 T allele carriers but not in the rs737054 CC homozygotes. The present study indicates that variation in the FKBP5 gene might moderate the effects of lifetime traumatic events on psychosis proneness.

scholarly journals Death from COVID-19 in a Hispanic postpartum woman and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e242819
Author(s):  
Janardhan Mydam ◽  
Laila Younes ◽  
Mohammed Siddiqui ◽  
Thana Tarsha
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Obese Woman ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Postpartum Woman ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Impact

There is still much we do not know about the impact of COVID-19 on the health of pregnant and postpartum women and pregnancy outcomes. Current evidence suggests that there is biological plausibility for worse outcomes among this population. This case report details the clinical care given to a postpartum Hispanic and obese woman diagnosed with COVID-19 in April 2020. We report the care she and her newborn received and her progression through the virus. We discuss the current knowledge surrounding COVID-19 among pregnant and postpartum women. While research supports COVID-19 outcomes being comparable to the general population, there is limited research in this area. Clinical trials, acting on the side of caution, have tended to exclude pregnant women from participation. Therefore, there is a need for further research that can inform evidence-based policy decisions related to COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women.

The impact of life events in female patients with fibromyalgia and in female healthy controls

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.M. Anderberg ◽  
I. Marteinsdottir ◽  
T. Theorell ◽  
L. von Knorring
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Event ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe aim was to investigate if female fibromyalgia patients (FMS) had experienced more negative life events than healthy women. Furthermore, the life events experienced in relation to onset of the FMS were evaluated. Another important area was to investigate the impact of the events experienced in the patients compared to healthy women.A new inventory was constructed to assess life events during childhood, adolescence and in adulthood as well as life events experienced in relation to the onset of the disorder. Forty female FMS patients and 38 healthy age-matched women participated in the study.During childhood or adolescence 51% of the patients had experienced very negative life events as compared to 28% of the controls. Conflict with parents was the most common life event. Before onset, 65% of the patients experienced some negative life event. Economic problems and conflicts with husband/partner were common. During the last year, 51% of the patients had life events which they experienced as very negative, compared to 24.5% of the controls (P < 0.01).Stressful life events in childhood/adolescence and in adulthood seem to be very common in FMS. Furthermore, the life events were experienced as more negative than the life events experienced by healthy controls.

Dynamic interplay between life events and course of psychotic disorders: 10-year longitudinal study following first admission

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kayla R. Donaldson ◽  
Katherine G. Jonas ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Emmett M. Larsen ◽  
Daniel N. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reality Distortion ◽  
First Admission

Abstract Background Life events (LEs) are a risk factor for first onset and relapse of psychotic disorders. However, the impact of LEs on specific symptoms – namely reality distortion, disorganization, negative symptoms, depression, and mania – remains unclear. Moreover, the differential effects of negative v. positive LEs are poorly understood. Methods The present study utilizes an epidemiologic cohort of patients (N = 428) ascertained at first-admission for psychosis and followed for a decade thereafter. Symptoms were assessed at 6-, 24-, 48-, and 120-month follow-ups. Results We examined symptom change within-person and found that negative events in the previous 6 months predicted an increase in reality distortion (β = 0.07), disorganized (β = 0.07), manic (β = 0.08), and depressive symptoms (β = 0.06), and a decrease in negative symptoms (β = −0.08). Conversely, positive LEs predicted fewer reality distortion (β = −0.04), disorganized (β = −0.04), and negative (β = −0.13) symptoms, and were unrelated to mood symptoms. A between-person approach to the same hypotheses confirmed that negative LEs predicted change in all symptoms, while positive LEs predicted change only in negative symptoms. In contrast, symptoms rarely predicted future LEs. Conclusions These findings confirm that LEs have an effect on symptoms, and thus contribute to the burden of psychotic disorders. That LEs increase positive symptoms and decrease negative symptoms suggest at least two different mechanisms underlying the relationship between LEs and symptoms. Our findings underscore the need for increased symptom monitoring following negative LEs, as symptoms may worsen during that time.

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