scholarly journals Assessment of the Effectiveness of Complex Use of Biofungicides on Spring Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00158
Author(s):  
Radik Safin ◽  
Guzel Khusainova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Medium Development ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

In 2018–2019, the studies were carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of the use of various biofungicides on spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on grey wood soil in the Predkamsk zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The agents based on Bacillus subtilis strain 63-Z (Baxis®) and Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain (Pseudobacterin 2®) were used as biofungicides. The chemical fungicides were used as a standard (for seed treatment – prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Lamador®); for spraying – spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol (Falcon®)). The research results showed that the use of biofungicides for seed treatment and spraying during the earing phase of wheat has a pronounced effect on the length of the stem and the number of grains in the ear. Under the influence of the use of biofungicides, the damage to plants by root rot, leaf septoria and powdery mildew was reduced. In terms of their effect on leaf septoria and powdery mildew, the chemical fungicides were somewhat superior to biological ones. The highest yield of spring soft wheat was obtained using the scheme in which the seeds were treated with Baxis and the plants in the earing phase were sprayed with Pseudobacterin 2. This scheme provided the increase in yield by 1.1 t / ha compared to control and by 0.29 t / ha when using standard chemical fungicides for seed treatment and spraying of crops. The use of such a scheme significantly reduces the cost of the protection of wheat plants from diseases. As a result of research, it was shown that with a weak and medium development of diseases, the use of biofungicides can be an effective alternative to the use of standard chemical fungicides.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SEED TREATMENT AND VARIETY ON PLANTS DAMAGE OF SPRING BY ROOT ROTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Aleksey Balykin ◽  
Leonid Shashkarov
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article discusses the issues of root rot, leaf and stem diseases (septoria, powdery mildew, rust) during tillering-exiting the tube, fusarium and smut during heading, depending on varietal characteristics and seed dressing in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic. Margarita, Simbirtsit and Prokhorovka varieties were studied. The second factor is seed treatment in three grades: 1. Without treatment (control one). 2. Seed treatment with Benlat. 3. Seed treatment with Nano-Gro. The results of the analysis of lesions by root rot, leaf and stem diseases (septoria, powdery mildew, rust) during tillering-exiting the tube, fusarium and smut during heading are presented. The effect of Nano-Gro in combination with the seed dresser Benlat was also studied. It has been shown that pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with Nano-Gro solution helps to reduce damage by root rot, leaf and stem diseases (septoria, powdery mildew, rust) during tillering-exiting the tube, fusarium and smut during ear formation in spring wheat.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF EMPLOYING MODERN EUROPEAN CULTIVARS OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT IN THE BREEDING FOR POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE IN THE NORTHWESTERN REGION OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
T. V. Lebedeva ◽  
E. V. Zuev ◽  
A. N. Brykova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Productivity Indicators

Background. Powdery mildew of bread wheat caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal is a widespread foliar disease of wheat in regions with cool and wet climate. It infects the foliage, stem and spike of the wheat host and causes yield reduction. Breeding for resistance is the economical way to control this disease. The object of this work was to analyze spring cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for powdery mildew resistance and some productivity indicators.Materials and methods. The study involved 150 European spring bread wheat cultivars whose resistance to the fungus was assessed at the seedling, heading and flowering phases of plant development. The population of the fungus manifested virulence to Pm1, Pm2, Pm3a-d, Pm4a-b, Pm5a, Pm6, Pm7, Pm8, Pm9, Pm16 and Pm19, and avirulence to Pm12. The damage to seedlings was evaluated using the scale from 0 (no damage) to 4 (abundant pustules). Resistance of the adult plants was analyzed according to the scale from 9 (no damage) to 1 (abundant pustules).Results and conclusions. Of the 150 cultivars, resistance at the seedling stage was shown by 12,7%, and at the adult stage by 20,1%. The cultivars ‘Dacke’, ‘SW Estrad’, ‘Sparrow’ and ‘Aranka’ were resistant in all phases of plant growth. ‘Naxos’ was characterized by a short period from seedlings to heading. The cultivars ‘Aranka’, ‘Zuzana’, ‘Septima’, ‘Tercia’ and ‘Sparrow’ had short stems, while ‘Torka’, ‘Sparrow’ and ‘Pasteur’ – large grains.

scholarly journals Problems of phytoimmunity of grain crops in the Euro-Northeast of the Russian Federation and ways their solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Tatyana Sheshegova ◽  
Lucia Shchekleina
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Brown Blotch

Breeding of grain crops for phytoimmunity in the FSBSU FASC of the Northeast is carried out in the conditions of natural and artificial epiphytotics. Every year, more than 1000 samples of winter rye, spring soft wheat, barley and oats of their own breeding and from the VIR collection are studied. In winter rye, studies are conducted on snow mold, root rot, powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, and ergot; in spring wheat – on root rot, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, brown rust, loose smut; in barley – on root rot, net, dark brown blotch and stripe disease, loose smut; in oats - on red-brown blotch, root rot, crown rust, panicle fusarium and loose smut. Resistant samples detected on infectious backgrounds will be included in the breeding process as sources of the trait. With the participation of source genes, new varieties of winter rye were created, Snezhana, Grefinya, and others, which are being studied at different breeding stages. Long-term studies (2014-2020) on infectious and provocative backgrounds among the breeding material of the FASC of the Northeast and collection samples of spring soft wheat, oats, barley revealed sources of nonspecific resistance (6-9 points). They are used in crossbreeding programs with the best varieties to obtain high-yielding and resistant to biotic stressors hybrids that are being studied at different breeding stages.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ALBIT APPLICATION EFFICIENCY ON WINTER WHEAT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Радик Сафин ◽  
Radik Safin ◽  
Валерия Колесар ◽  
Valeriya Kolesar ◽  
Константин Березин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Benzimidazole Fungicides ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
The Republic

The effect of application of the Albit preparation during autumn spraying in pure form and in a mixture with fungicides was studied. It was found that the use of Albit promotes the growth of plant conservation during wintering of wheat plants and reduces the root rot development of winter wheat. In combination with benzimidazole fungicides this effect was enhanced. The maximum crop productivity - 3.75 tons per hectare was in the use of Albit + Ferezyme mixture in combination with Vial Trust seed treatment. As a result of the use of Albit, there was an increase in the content of gluten in the grain. The use of this method has increased the economic efficiency of wheat cultivation.

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

Investigating the Relationship between Company Competitiveness and Environmental Regulation in European Food Processing: Results of a Matched Firm Comparison

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1585-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M W N Hitchens ◽  
J E Birnie ◽  
A McGowan ◽  
U Triebswetter ◽  
A Cottica
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regulation Costs

The authors use a method of matched-plant comparisons between food processing firms in Germany, Italy, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland to investigate the relationship between environmental regulation and company competitiveness across the European Union. Comparative competitiveness was indicated by measures of value-added per employee, physical productivity, export share, and employment growth. The cost of water supply (public or well), effluent treatment (in-plant treatment and/or sewerage system), and disposal of sludge and packaging were also compared. Total environmental costs in Germany, Italy, and Ireland were small: usually less than 1% of turnover. Compared with the Irish firms, German companies had relatively high environmental costs as well as productivity levels. There was, however, a lack of a clear relationship between company competitiveness and the size of regulation costs: in Ireland and Italy environmental costs were similar but German firms had much higher productivity; compared with German counterparts, Italian firms had lower environmental costs but higher productivity.

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