scholarly journals Loose smut resistance and adaptability of spring soft wheat varieties of VIR collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
A. V. Kharina ◽  
O. S. Amunova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

In 2013-2019 in the conditions of Kirov region 178 varieties of spring soft wheat from the collection of the Federal Research Center of N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) were studied according to loose smut resistance, plasticity and yield stability. Among studied varieties 36 immune and 12 practically immune to loose smut infestation samples have been revealed. They can be used as sources of resistance in selection. The most favourable conditions for infestation of spring soft wheat plants with loose smut develop since the beginning of blossoming till grain filling. The higher the air temperature and the amount of precipitation during this period, the higher is the percentage of wheat plants affected with this disease. As the percentage of the stems affected by loose smut increased, total yield losses grew as well (r = 0.99). Nineteen varieties of spring wheat significantly exceeded the standard variety Bazhenka (Russia) in yield on an infection background. Five mid-susceptible varieties which showed tolerance to the disease have been selected. They are Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda (Russia), Samgau, Dostyk, Karabalykskaya 91 (Kazakhstan) and Visa (Belarus). During the years the following varieties revealed the highest and stable productivity: Stepnaya 50, Dostyk (Kazakhstan), Kazanskaya Yubileynaya, Niva 2, Provincia, Egisar 29, Sudarushka, Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda (Russia), Hoffman (Canada), UL Pettit (USA) and Leguan (Czechoslovakia). The following varieties were designated as the intensive type: Tyumenskaya 26, Elizaveta, Maria 1, Melodiya, Niva 2 (Russia), Kharkovskaya 10 (Ukraine), Samgau (Kazakhstan), Visa (Belarus), and American varieties Ranger and UL Pettit (b i > 1). Varieties Ranger and UL Pettit showed high productivity in favorable cultivation conditions. Varieties Mazhor (Ukraine), Favorit (Russia) and Karabalykskaya 91(Kazakhstan) (bi<1) should be used on an extensive background. By deterioration of cultivation conditions the productivity of these varieties decreased insignificantly. The relationship between productivity and adaptability parameters has been established (bi , Ноm). The highyielding varieties have been characterized as more plastic (r = 0.69) and stress resistant (r = 0.73).

scholarly journals Association of canopy temperature depression with yield and morphological traits of spring soft wheat under Siberian conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-392
Author(s):  
S. B. Lepekhov ◽  
L. P. Khlebovav
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Canopy Temperature Depression ◽  
Reliable Correlation ◽  
Temperature Depression

The method of infrared thermometry is widely used in the world to diagnose drought tolerance of crops. However, in Russia the measurement of Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has not yet been carried out. The aim of the study was to measure CTD and consider the possibility of using this trait to assess spring soft wheat varieties when growing in the Altai Territory (South-Western Siberia of Russia). The studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 using 36 varieties of spring soft wheat in the vegetative stage and 14 varieties in the grain filling stage, respectively. Significant differences between the varieties for CTD values in both years of the study were established. There was no reliable correlation between CTD and most of agronomic traits of the studied genotypes. CTD also did not significantly correlate with grain yields in neither 2017 nor 2018 (r=0.31; r=-0.14, respectively). However, we found a reliable correlation of the trait with the plant height in 2018 (r=0.83). This may explain the wide distribution of tall varieties in Siberia. If drought occurs before heading, when the plants are oppressed and do not close the canopy, the use of infrared thermometry is difficult throughout the growing season, since the measurement error increases significantly. In Siberia, this method is suitable only in the conditions of mild droughts or when using the steam precursor in wheat cultivation.

scholarly journals Sources of resistance to fungal diseases for selection of spring soft wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yuryevna Taranova ◽  
Alexander Ivanovich Kincharov ◽  
Elena Anatolyevna Demina ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Mullayanova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Resistance To Fungal Diseases

For breeding to create varieties resistant to fungal diseases, it is effective to work in the search for new genes of resistance to pathogens, as well as to constantly update the gene pool of spring wheat. The researches were conducted in 2014-2019 in the Samara region. The object of study was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat of various ecological and geographical groups. The assessment of samples for resistance to fungal pathogens was carried out against a natural infectious background, including in years with a strong development of certain diseases (powdery mildew – 2014, brown rust – 2016, 2017). Accounting of plant damage by fungal diseases was carried out according to generally accepted phytopathological methods. Since 2000, the laboratory has studied and developed more than one thousand collection samples, formed working characteristic collections of samples for resistance to leaf rust (142), powdery mildew (185) and with complex resistance to these diseases (100). According to the results of six-year studies, collection samples with complex resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew were identified: Kinelskaya yubileynaya, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4143, Erythrospermum 4144, Erythrospermum 4146, Erythrospermum 4147, Lutescens 6045/7, Erythrospermum 6310/10-63 (Kinel), Khutoryanka (Tambov), Ulyanovskaya 105, Yaritsa (Ulyanovsk), Tulaykovskaya 108 (Bezenchuk), Sigma 2 (Omsk), KVS Aquilon (Germany). Relatively resistant to root rot pathogens samples were noted: Kinelskaya 2010, Lutescens 3960, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Lutescens 4394 (Kinel). The selected varieties and breeding lines are recommended by us as sources of resistance to fungal diseases for use in breeding programs of the middle Volga region and research sites with similar agro-climatic conditions.

Evaluation of spring soft wheat varieties and zonal features of seed production in the Altai Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
S. V. Zharkova ◽  
E. I. Dvornikova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
High Quality Seed

One of the leading grain crops in Russia is spring wheat. This is a strategic food crop of our country; it is also an important component in the structure of forage crops for monogastric animals, such as pigs and poultry. The purpose of the research was to evaluate spring soft wheat varieties of different maturity groups in order to identify genotypes as the starting material for obtaining varieties adapted to the cultivation zones, and to determine the areas optimal for the production of grain for seed purposes with high quality indicators. Field studies have been carried out in three ecologically different zones: the Priobskaya zone, the Prialtaiskaya zone, and the Prisalairskaya zone. Under the conditions of the Altai Territory, genetic sources of spring soft wheat have been identifi ed for different soil and climatic parameters of the study zones, the use of which will allow obtaining high-yielding varieties with high quality grain for specific cultivation conditions. The variability of the indicators of the characteristics of varieties in three ecologically different zones has been determined. The indicators of adaptability and stability of spring soft wheat varieties in different zones of cultivation have been determined. The optimal zones for conducting breeding work and seed production of varieties have been identifi ed. New scientific data on the quality parameters of seed grain in various agro-climatic zones of the Altai Territory have been obtained. The share of the contribution of the factors “variety”, “year”, “environment” to the variability of grain quality characteristics has been established. The economic efficiency of cultivating varieties of spring soft wheat for the production of high-quality seed grain has been determined.

scholarly journals Reaction of spring soft wheat to drought in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Lidiya Mal'ceva ◽  
Natal'ya Bannikova ◽  
Elena Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Bread Volume ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The purpose of the research is the reaction of spring soft wheat varieties to dry phenomena during the growing season in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. Methods. The material was 24 varieties of various biotypes for maturation from the nursery of the competitive variety testing of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Results. The negative effect of the drought reduced the yield in the experiments by 11.9 c/ha, the weight of 1000 grains by 5.7 g, and the nature by 19.7 g/l. The influence of grain size on the yield both in favorable years and in years of drought was noted (r = 0.63…0.98). In arid conditions, vitreous is correlated with yield, 1000 grain weight, in kind, to a lesser extent with gluten content, bread volume, and “flour strength”. The lack of moisture during the grain filling period increased the gluten content by 3.4 %, the quality by 15.1 e. p. IDC, the flour strength by 102.7 e. a., the volume of bread by 106 g/l. In favorable years, the weight of 1000 grains and the vitreous content of the grain correlate with gluten (r = 0.44; r = 0.24–0.84). Indicators of productivity and physical properties of grain increase when sowing at the optimal time, with a certain decrease in the gluten content (by 1.2 %), flour strength (by 5.3 e. a.), bread volume (by 73.2 e. p.). In the early sowing period, moisture deficiency reduces the indicators for all varieties Under these conditions, early-maturing varieties form a larger grain both when sowing at an early time (29.0 g) and when sowing at the optimal (31.3 g). In a drought, the role of the variety is especially high. High drought resistance was shown by the Zauralochka variety of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, which successfully passed the test in the dry years (2012, 2020) in the GSI system and in the environmental test (KASIB). The yield of the drought-resistant variety Zauralochka on average for the HSU was 20.2 c/ha, exceeding the standard Hercules by 2.2 c/ha. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of dry phenomena on the yield and the main indicators of the quality of varieties are revealed, the correlation between them is determined. According to drought resistance, a variety of spring soft wheat Zauralochka was selected.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETY OF KASIB NURSERY-GARDEN TO THE BROWN AND STEBLE STEM RUST IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Владимир Шаманин ◽  
Vladimir Shamanin ◽  
Инна Потоцкая ◽  
Inna Pototskaya ◽  
Олег Кузьмин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Research Institute

Owing to the climate warming and, as a consequence, the deterioration of the phytopathological situation, associated with the emergence of aggressive races of fungal diseases, as well as the cultivation of susceptible varieties on the main wheat sowing area in Western Siberia, it is important to expand the genotypic diversity of wheat varieties and search for new sources of long-term sustainability. The evaluation results of spring soft wheat varieties of KASIB nursery shuttle breeding set up jointly by scientific institutions of Western Siberia, Kazakhstan and the International Center for the Improvement of Corn and Wheat CIMMYT are presented in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The research was carried out in 2011-2016, using field and laboratory methods. The results of the assessment of the susceptibility of KASIB nursery varieties to brown and stem rust have shown that varieties with high resistance prevail among resistant varieties in all phases of plant development, which indicates targeted selection for immunity with genes of race-specific and age resistance. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to reveal significant differences in productivity and resistance to rust diseases of KASIB varieties. We distinguished wheat varieties from KASIB nursery-garden 14, 15 - Lutestsens 141/03-2 and Sigma (Siberian scientific research Institute of Agriculture), from KASIB nursery-garden 16, 17 - Erythrospermum 85-08 (Omsk SAU), Lutestsens 6/04-4 and Lutestsens 186/04- 61 (Siberian scientific research Institute of Agriculture), resistant to brown and stem rust, exceeding in terms of yield standards, which are recommended to be used as a starting material for wheat breeding in Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Results of the State varietal examination of grain quality for Spring Soft Wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) listed in the State Register of Varieties of Ukraine

2008 ◽  
Vol 0 (2(8)) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
О. О. Шовгун ◽  
В. В. Шелепов ◽  
В. М. Лисікова ◽  
С. О. Ляшенко ◽  
С. Л. Чухлєб ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The State ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
State Register ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

RESPONSIBILITY OF SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES FOR THE PROCESSING OF DRUGS OF THE “B-PLUS” PRK LINE "WHITE PEARLS"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Gordeeva ◽  
N.A. Shestakova ◽  
R.G. Sakan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Mineral Mixtures ◽  
Detailed Application

The practice of manufacturers using substances that stimulate the growth and development of plants, increase their resistance to external influences, and as a result increase the yield and quality of grain, has become a common practice in field cultivation technology. A wide variety of their production requires careful study and detailed application in agricultural practice. In the process of studying the variety of spring soft wheat after treatment with the studied organo-mineral mixtures (OMM) of the B-plus line, PRK «White Pearl» increases the vegetative mass and productivity, and improves the technological qualities of grain. The article presents data on the processing of seeds and plants of ОMM on the formation of the yield of varieties of spring soft wheat Astana and Karaganda 30. Studies have shown that the varietal reaction of soft wheat showed different responsiveness to treatment with drugs. Thus, grain yield was obtained from the use of the B-plus line of PRK «White Pearl» - Astana varieties 27.87 c/ ha, Karaganda varieties 30 - 32.16 c / ha (increase + 6.3; 8.75 c / ha in comparison with the control) with an increase in the amount of gluten by 0.1-2.2% and its quality.

GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SUBTAIGA ZONE OF THE TYUMEN REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Raisa I. Belkina ◽  
Julia A. Letyago ◽  
Victor V. Vidrin ◽  
Tatyana K. Fedoruk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat
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