scholarly journals Climate change trends in the forest-meadow zone of the Middle Urals and their impact on technological approaches to corn cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
A.E. Panfilov ◽  
P.Yu. Ovchinnikov ◽  
E.L. Tikhanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The results of the analysis of long-term trends in changes in individual climatic characteristics and variations in weather conditions of the growing season in the forest-meadow zone of the Middle Urals for the period from 1958 to 2020 are presented, their influence on the choice of hybrids and some elements of corn cultivation technology are estimated. As a result of calculating the linear trend, a statistically proven trend has been established to increase the sum of active temperatures above 10 °C for May – September. At the same time, random fluctuations of the analyzed parameters over the years have a direct impact on corn development and productivity, and the limiting factor is the lower limit of these fluctuations, the values of which increase throughout the analyzed period. Nevertheless, the variation over the years remains strong, and the lower limit of these fluctuations does not reach the minimum level for the stable maturation of early-maturing corn hybrids. Therefore, for the conditions of the Middle Urals, the previous recommendations concerning the selection of corn hybrids for early maturity, cold resistance and drought resistance remain relevant. At the same time, the revealed climatic trend allows to predict an increase in the probability of obtaining feed with a high content of exchange energy, which characterizes it as positive one.

scholarly journals Influence of unstable weather conditions on the passage time of phenological phases of black currant in the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Elena Chebotok
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Phenological Phases

Abstract. Purpose. The research is aimed at studying the influence of weather conditions on the timing of the phenological phases of black currant in the Middle Urals. Methods. The study is based on methods of phenological observations in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results and practical significance. It was found that black currant adapts well to unstable weather conditions in recent years in the Middle Urals, during the research period, budding was observed in the period from April 12 to May 4; the dates of the beginning of flowering were marked from May 10 to May 28; maturation dates are marked from July 16 to August 10. The shift in the dates of onset of the main phases of vegetation from the average long-term can reach 14 days. Industrial plantings should consist of varieties of different flowering and maturation periods, to avoid the spring frosts of the main part of the plantation, as well as to form a conveyor for the arrival of fresh berries. The experiment identified five early-flowering cultivars in the Middle Urals: Zabava, Fortuna, 1-3-010-13, 3-2-010-13, 6-44-00-03; four late-flowering: Gerkules, Slavyanka, 5-1-010-13, 8-2-010-13; the remaining 28 cultivars are of the average flowering period. Five varieties of early maturation are identified: Zabava, 2-1-010-13, 2-4-010-13, 3-1-010-13, 5-1-010-15; four late maturation: Zaglyaden’e, Kipiana, Chudnoe mgnovenie, Slavyanka; the remaining 28 varieties are of average maturation. Not all early-flowering cultivars are early-maturing, and not all late-flowering cultivars are late-maturing. The scientific novelty consists in the study of phenological rhythms of black currant varieties of various genetic origin in unstable weather conditions of recent years in the Middle Urals.

scholarly journals Influence of the seeding rate of seeds on the productivity of various corn hybrids in the conditions of the Saratov Right Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Natalya Viktorovna Nikolaichenko ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizhkov ◽  
Isatai Kenesovich Zhumagaliev
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The data of long-term research aimed at improving the forage reserve in order to provide livestock with high-grade concentrated green fodder and silage are presented. The necessity of selection and comparative assessment of maize hybrids of different early maturity and improvement of the basic methods of cultivation technology has been substantiated. The seeding rates slightly changed the field germination rate. On average for 2017–2019 at a seeding rate of 50 thousand seeds per 1 hectare by the panicle-sweeping phase, the leaf surface of the mid-early hybrid Rainbow was 31.2 thousand m2/ha, which is 9.5% higher compared to the early-ripening hybrid Mashuk 185 MV ( 28.5 thousand m2/ha) and 14.3% higher compared to the ultra-early hybrid RNIISK-1 (27.3 thousand m2/ha). With an increase in the seeding rate over 50 thousand seeds per hectare, the leaf surface of all hybrids increased and was maximum at 70 thousand seeds per hectare. The minimum leaf area was at a seeding rate of 40 thousand seeds per hectare. Similarly to the formation of the leaf surface, the accumulation of green and dry biomass took place depending on the seeding rate in the ultra-early maize hybrid RNIISK-1. In the early-maturing hybrid Mashuk 185 MV and the mid-early hybrid Raduga, the accumulation of green and dry biomass did not depend on the seeding rate. Such features of the growth and development of maize hybrids, depending on the seeding rate, influenced the structure and size of the grain yield.

scholarly journals The productivity and reaction of naked oat breeds on weather conditions in the Middle Urals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Victorovich Bezgodov ◽  
◽  
Anastasia Dmitrievna Yalunina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Naked Oat

Results of variety study of black currant collection in the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
E. M. Chebotok
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Late Maturation ◽  
Research Period

Long-term results of the variety study of black currant collection in the Middle Urals are presented. The purpose of the work was to study the collection fund of black currant on economically useful features. The peculiarities of weather conditions during the research period 2012-2018 are described, and phenological observations are presented. Based on the results of four years of study, varieties with high productivity, large-fruited, with high taste qualities of berries, resistant to Septoria and Bud mite were revealed. Varieties with economically useful features were identified: Spas for high productivity and large-fruiting, very late maturation; Voevoda, Kazkova, Kozatska, Podarok Ilinoy, Sofievska, Udalec, Shaman — for high and stable yield, high commodity qualities of berries; Bariton, Ben Alder, Udalets, Shaman - for resistance to Bud mite.

scholarly journals Development of variety technologies for cultivation of potato in the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (14) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
F. Keyta ◽  
Mihail Karpuhin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Feeding Area

Abstract. Potato is one of the most important human foods. It possesses high taste and nutritional properties. The optimal ratio in potato tubers of organic and mineral substances necessary for a person determines its value as a food product. The tubers contain on average 76–78 % of water and 13 to 36 % of dry matter, of which 12–15 % are starch, 1–3 % protein and about 1 % – mineral compounds. Potato proteins have a very high biological value, since they contain a complex of essential amino acids that are not synthesized in the human body and must be obtained from food. Potatoes are an essential source of vitamin C. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the educational and experimental farm “Uralets” of the Ural State Agrarian University (USAU), the village of “Studencheskiy”, for three years (2016–2018) in the climatic zone of the Middle Urals. Purpose of research. The objective of this study was to study the influence of the feeding area of “Gala” potato, the use of fungicides on the yield and quality of tubers in the conditions of the Middle Urals. Results. The results analysis on the mineral and biochemical composition of tubers showed that the total nitrogen content changed from 0.25 to 0.37 % and did not depend on the feeding area. The phosphorus content varied from 0.034 to 0.063 % and depended on the feeding area, i. e. the less often the plantings were, the more phosphorus was contained. Potassium content fluctuated over the years. The starch content was stable and did not depend on weather conditions and feeding area and ranged from 11.3 to 15.4 %. The tasting result showed that the studied potato variety Gala has high taste. According to the taste assessment, the Gala variety was rated 5 points in the control variant. The variant with the use of the fungicide shirlan yielded to it by 0.5 points. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the conditions of the Middle Urals, the influence of the feeding area on the mineral and biochemical composition of potato tubers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, dry substances, vitamin C and others).

scholarly journals Growth and Productivity of Non-Indigenous Woody Species in the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Lidia A. Semkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Abies Sachalinensis ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Pinus Peuce

Climate warming has been recorded over the last decades. The air temperature in Yekaterinburg has been rising since the 1930s. Temperatures dropped sharply in 1940–1949, then rose sharply and fell again, especially in 1967–1968, when many large introduced species considered to be adapted died: Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lindl.) Britt. Due to the cyclical nature of weather conditions, it was necessary to assess the features of adaptation and state of the introduced plants in recent years. Snowless autumn and winter, temperatures above zero in early spring are unfavourable for many species, especially or conifers. Thus, in 2014 much snow fell on October 16 and melted in 2 weeks, temperatures below zero did not afford plants to prepare for the winter; in March 2015 the temperature rose up to +10 °C while the ground temperature was below zero for a long time. As a result of physiological dryness 100 % of specimens of variegated forms of northern white cedar Thuja occidentalis L. `Ellwangeriana Aurea`, `Ericoides` died. In other forms the leafage died to the snow cover level and recovered after abundant rains: `Aurea spicata`, `Gold Pearl`, `Golden Globe`, `Lutescens`, `Semperaurea` and `Wareana Lutescens`. Due to a steady increase in the sum of positive temperatures and reaching a certain age, many conifer species entered the fruiting stage and gave self-seeding: Pinus peuce Grieseb, Pinus strobus L., Picea canadensis (Mill.) Britt. et al., Picea pungens Engelm., Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lindl.) Britt., and Abies sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Mast. In the warmest year of 2016, the latter gave an abundant yield – red-brown cones with protruding seed scales; a strong wind dropped them all. They remained under the snow for the winter and did not crumble (probably, the fruits were unripe), so Abies sachalinensis was mistaken for Keteleeria fortunei (A. Murray bis) Carrière), which has cones that do not crumble. Unusual flowering was observed in Crataegus oxyacantha L. `Rosea Plena`, Mespilus germanica L., Syringa reflexa C.K.Schneid, Hamamelis virginiana L. With the rise in average annual temperatures, the number of years with abnormal weather conditions increased and the condition of some plants deteriorated. For citation: Semkina L.A., Tishkina E.A. Growth and Productivity of Non-Indigenous Woody Species in the Middle Urals. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 100–109. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-100-109

scholarly journals Breeding-oriented evaluation of the progeny of cv. ‘Papirovka tetraploidnaya’ in the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
D. D. Telezhinskiy ◽  
L. A. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Russian Research

One of the most promising trends in apple breeding is polyploidy. Triploid cultivars show higher fruiting stability and increased self-fertility. The easiest way to obtain triploids is to cross diploid and tetraploid cultivars among themselves. The main limiting factor in this case is a restricted number of initial tetraploid forms whose characteristics affect the quality and prospects of the resulting hybrid progeny.The staff of Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station in the Middle Urals produced and analyzed 5 hybrid families using cv. ‘Papirovka tetraploidnaya’ as the paternal source; the latter’s pollen was supplied by Acad. E. N. Sedov from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. Ninety hybrid seedlings were studied.The study showed that ‘Papirovka tetraploidnaya’ with a high degree of probability conveyed the following traits to its progeny: large fruit size, fruit ripening in early summer, midsummer and autumn, loose or medium density of coarse fruit flesh, and nonoutstanding fruit taste (scoring 3.8–4.2 points).

scholarly journals Economic and energy efficiency of potato cultivation in different feeding areas and the use of fungicides in the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (13) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Mihail Karpuhin ◽  
F. Keyta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Factor B ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
First Time ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract. The main factor in increasing the productivity of potatoes is the improvement of its cultivation technology. The purpose of the research was to determine the economic and energy efficiency of cultivating potato of the Gala variety under different feeding areas and the use of fungicides. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the educational and experimental farm of the Ural State Agrarian University during 2016–2018, in a two-factor field experiment according to the following scheme: Factor A (feeding area): 1400, 1750, 2100, 2450, 2800 cm2; Factor B (use of fungicides): “Shirlan”: 1400, 1750, 2100, 2450, 2800 cm2; “Infinito”: 1400, 1750, 2100, 2450, 2800 cm2. The objects of research in the experiment were medium early potato variety Gala and fungicides such as contact action “Shirlan” (0.3 l/ha) and “Infinito”systemic action (1.2 l/ha). The results showed that when using the fungicide “Shirlan” (factor B), the best in the experiments was the variant with a feeding area of 2450 cm2 (70 × 35 cm), where the highest yield of 36.6 t/ha was obtained, with a low cost price – 4446 rubles/ton, high profit – 269 172 rubles/ha and profitability – 165.43 %. In experiments on all variants, the energy efficiency coefficient did not reach 1.27. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the influence of the feeding area (factor A) and the use of fungicides (factor B) on the yield, economic and energy efficiency of potato cultivation in the Middle Urals was studied.

Productivity of corn hybrids of different fao groups depending on microfertilizers and growth stimulants under irrigation in the south of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Yu. Lavrynenko ◽  
R. Vozhegova ◽  
O. Hozh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
The South ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to identify effi cient microfertilizers and growth stimulants considering biologi- cal features of new corn hybrids of different FAO groups under irrigation conditions in the South of Ukraine and trace their impact on grain productivity of the plants. The methods of the research are the fi eld method – to study the interaction of the research object with experimental factors of the natural environment, to register the yield and evaluate the biometrical indices; the laboratory method – to measure soil moisture, grain moisture content and grain quality indices; the statistical method – to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results; the calculation methods – for economic and energetic assessment of the growing techniques used. The results of the research. The paper defi nes the impact of microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the yield and grain quality of the corn hybrids of different maturity groups and on the economic effi ciency of growing them. The conclusions of the research. Under irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine it is recommended that the following hybrids should be grown in dark-chestnut soils: early maturity DN Pyvykha, medium-early Skadovskyi, medium maturity Kakhovskyi and medium-late Arabat, using the growth stimulants – treating the seeds with Sezam-Nano and fertilizing with Grainactive at the stage of 7–8 leaves.

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