scholarly journals Factors determining the concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter in the air of selected service facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec ◽  
Józef Pastuszka ◽  
Barbara Mathews ◽  
Kamila Widziewicz
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Beauty Salon ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Measurement Period

The link between increased morbidity and mortality and increasing concentrations of particulate matter (PM) resulted in great attention being paid to the presence and physicochemical properties of PM in closed rooms, where people spends most of their time. The least recognized group of such indoor environments are small service facilities. The aim of this study was to identify factors which determine the concentration, chemical composition and sources of PM in the air of different service facilities: restaurant kitchen, printing office and beauty salon. The average PM concentration measured in the kitchen was 5-fold (PM4, particle fraction ≥ 4 μm) and 5.3-fold (TSP, total PM) greater than the average concentration of these PM fractions over the same period. During the same measurement period in the printing office and in the beauty salon, the mean PM concentration was 10- and 4-fold (PM4) and 8- and 3-fold (TSP) respectively greater than the mean concentration of these PM fractions in outdoor air. In both facilities the main source of PM macro-components, especially organic carbon, were chemicals, which are normally used in such places - solvents, varnishes, paints, etc. The influence of some metals inflow from the outdoor air into indoor environment of those facilities was also recognized.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Particulate Matter and Indoor Microclimate Monitors in University Classrooms under COVID-19 Restrictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7363
Author(s):  
Laurentiu Predescu ◽  
Daniel Dunea
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Particle Counter ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
University Classrooms ◽  
Academic Personnel

Optical monitors have proven their versatility into the studies of air quality in the workplace and indoor environments. The current study aimed to perform a screening of the indoor environment regarding the presence of various fractions of particulate matter (PM) and the specific thermal microclimate in a classroom occupied with students in March 2019 (before COVID-19 pandemic) and in March 2021 (during pandemic) at Valahia University Campus, Targoviste, Romania. The objectives were to assess the potential exposure of students and academic personnel to PM and to observe the performances of various sensors and monitors (particle counter, PM monitors, and indoor microclimate sensors). PM1 ranged between 29 and 41 μg m−3 and PM10 ranged between 30 and 42 μg m−3. It was observed that the particles belonged mostly to fine and submicrometric fractions in acceptable thermal environments according to the PPD and PMV indices. The particle counter recorded preponderantly 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 micron categories. The average acute dose rate was estimated as 6.58 × 10−4 mg/kg-day (CV = 14.3%) for the 20–40 years range. Wearing masks may influence the indoor microclimate and PM levels but additional experiments should be performed at a finer scale.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Tembi River

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shanbehzadeh ◽  
Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Toba Kiyanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Standard Range

This study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in water and sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the Tembi River, Iran. Samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the average concentration of the metals in water and sediment on downstream was more than that of upstream. The comparison of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water of the Tembi River with drinking water standards and those in the water used for agriculture suggests that the mean concentration of Cu and Zn lies within the standard range for drinking water and the mean concentration of Mn, Zn, and Pb lies within the standard range of agricultural water. The highest average concentration on downstream for Pb in water and for Mn in sediment was 1.95 and 820.5 ppm, respectively. Also, the lowest average concentration on upstream was identified for Cd in water and sediment 0.07 and 10 ppm, respectively. With regard to the results, it gets clear that using the water for recreational purposes, washing, and fishing is detrimental to human health and the environment.

scholarly journals Nutrient output from rural areas on the example of two catchments Skuterud and Zagożdżonka

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Sawa ◽  
Leszek Hejduk ◽  
Johannes Deelstra ◽  
Lillian Øygarden
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
General Description ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Summer Time ◽  
Mean Concentration

Nutrient output from rural areas on the example of two catchments Skuterud and Zagożdżonka In this paper, two rural catchment - the Zagożdżonka catchment in Poland and the Skuterud catchment in Aas, Akershus county in Norway are compared. In addition to the general description, more in particular information, runoff, N-NO3 load, P-PO4 load, total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations in streams are compared. The data compared are from 1993 to 1995 in Zagożdżonka catchment and from 1994-1996 from Skuterud catchment. The average concentration of N-NO3 in Zagożdżonka River in the period was 0.85 mg·l-1 and the mean concentration of P-PO4 was 0.13 mg·l-1. In the stream in Skuterud catchment the average concentration of N-NO3 was 4.95 mg·l-1 and the mean concentration of P-PO4 was 0.04 mg·l-1. For both catchments the same data were also compared for the 2008. In Skuterud catchment the highest concentration of nutrients occurred in November, March and April, which was connected to the higher runoff from agricultural areas during the snowmelt period. In Zagożdżonka catchment the highest concentration of nutrients was noted in March, April and in summer time, which was connected to periods with high amounts of precipitation. Comparison of the two rural catchments showed many differences in applied measurement methods for water sampling, water measurement, discharge measurement, runoff amounts and management practices, which had an effect on results of monitoring program. The compared data can be useful to predict the development of future environmental conditions for example water quality. It can also be useful for predict how nutrient runoff will be in future. What is more the different conditions for runoff in Skuterud and Zagożdżonka then different measures are needed.

scholarly journals Metals distribution on the surface of quartz fiber filters used for particulate matter collection

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Kamila Widziewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Loska ◽  
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Electrothermal Atomization ◽  
Quartz Fiber ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Gf Aas ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract Presented study aimed to determine metals distribution on the quartz fiber filters surface coated with particulate matter by using high and low-volume samplers. The distribution pattern was tested using two different sub-sampling schemes. Each sub-sample was mineralized in the nitric acid in a microwave oven. An analysis was performed by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization GF-AAS technique, and the determined elements were: As, Cd, Pb and Ni. A validation of the analytical procedure was carried out using NIES 28 Urban Aerosols standard reference material. It was assumed that metal is distributed uniformly if its normalized concentrations on a single sub-sample is within ±15% of the mean concentration over the whole filter. The normalized concentrations values exceed this range, indicating a non-homogenous metals distribution. There were no statistically significant differences in metals concentrations between particular sub-samples in the function of its position along the filters diameter.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SOURCE FINGERPRINTING OF DEPOSITIONAL OIL FROM THE KUWAIT OIL FIRES

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Henry ◽  
Edward B. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Oil Field Fires

ABSTRACT Depositional oil and soot derived from the 1991 Kuwait oil field fires produced huge tar mats in the desert. The concentration of oil in the upper 5 cm of the desert surface ranged from 1.16 to 8.92 percent oil by weight as determined by TPH analysis over a 10 km transect in southern Kuwait. The mean concentration of asphaltenes in the tar mat samples was estimated at 62 percent; a greater than 17-fold increase in concentration over unweathered Kuwait crude oil. The remaining oil forming these tar mats is believed to be derived from petroleum that escaped combustion within the well fires. Results from GC/MS analyses characterize the depositional oil as being significantly altered by evaporative weathering. We suspect that evaporation of the depositional oil will continue, further consolidating the weathered oil, sand, and soot into asphalt-like zones which will remain for a very long time as features of the Kuwait desert. Significant quantities of oil residue from the fires also fell into the Arabian Gulf, contributing to what may be the largest man-made oil spill.

Impacts of stove/fuel use and outdoor air pollution on chemical composition of household particulate matter

Indoor Air ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Lai ◽  
Sierra Clark ◽  
Ellison Carter ◽  
Ming Shan ◽  
Kun Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Outdoor Air Pollution

scholarly journals Bioaerosol Contribution to Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Indoor University Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Francesca Marcovecchio ◽  
Cinzia Perrino
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
University Classrooms ◽  
Very High

Within the framework of the project “Integrated Evaluation of Indoor Particulate Exposure”, we carried out a 4-week field study to determine indoor bioaerosol, and its contribution to particulate matter (PM)10 and organic matter. The study was carried out in university classrooms, where most of the common indoor sources of atmospheric particles are missing. Bioaerosol was determined by a method based on propidium iodide staining, observation by fluorescence microscopy, and image analysis. Indoor bioaerosol concentrations were compared with outdoor values, which were determined simultaneously. The samplings periods were scheduled to divide weekday hours, when the students were inside, from night-time hours and weekends. Very high bioaerosol concentrations were detected inside the classrooms with respect to outdoor values. The mean difference was 49 μg/m3 when the students were inside, 5.4 μg/m3 during the night, and it became negative during the weekends. Indoor-to-outdoor ratios were 6.0, 4.2, and 0.7, respectively. Bioaerosol contributed 26% to organics and 10% to PM10. In indoor samples collected during the day, the microscope images showed numerous skin fragments, which were mostly responsible for the increase in the bioaerosol mass. People’s presence proved to be responsible for a significant increase in bioaerosol concentration in crowded indoor environments.

scholarly journals MODIFIED SERIES RESISTANCE MODEL - DETERMINATION OF MEAN CONCENTRATION BY INTEGRAL TRANSFORMATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
A. L. Venezuela ◽  
R. F. Cantão ◽  
R. S. Ongaratto ◽  
R. N. Haneda
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Integral Transform ◽  
Series Resistance ◽  
Integral Transformation ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Resistance Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

There are several mathematical models that describe permeate flow in membrane separation processes. Among these, the series resistance model plays a prominent role. It takes into account membrane strength, concentration polarization, polarized layer and fouling to describe the permeate flow over time. In this work, an analysis of the modified series resistance model was performed, in which the resistance by polarization of the concentration is defined as being directly proportional to the transmembrane pressure. The proportionality constant is given by the product of a specific coefficient of resistance – which is determined by means of experimental data – the thickness of the boundary layer of concentration and the mean concentration. Due to the inability to obtain experimentally the value of the average concentration within the boundary layer of concentration, its simulation is carried out from the conservation equation of the chemical species. Thus, the objective of the present work was to solve the equation of the conservation of chemical species using GITT (Generalized Integral Transform Technique) and apply the modified series resistance model to describe the permeate flow of a solution of dextran through a permeable tube under laminar flow. GITT provided satisfactory results for the mean concentration, verified by comparison with the permeate flow obtained by the series resistance model with experimental results reported in the literature.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on Baseline Fungi and Moisture Indicator Fungi in Danish Homes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Birgitte Andersen ◽  
Jens C. Frisvad ◽  
Robert R. Dunn ◽  
Ulf Thrane
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Dust Sampling

In many complaint cases regarding bad indoor environments, there is no evidence of visible fungal growth. To determine if the problems are fungi-related, dust sampling is the method of choice among building surveyors. However, there is a need to differentiate between species belonging to a normal, dry indoor environment and species belonging to a damp building envelope. The purposes of this pilot study were to examine which fungal species are present in problem-free Danish homes and to evaluate different detection and identification methods. Analyses showed that the fungal diversity outside was different from the diversity inside and that the composition of fungal species growing indoors was different compared to those found as spores, both indoors and outdoors. Common for most homes were Pseudopithomyceschartarum, Cladosporiumallicinum and Alternaria sect. Infectoriae together with Botrytis spp., Penicilliumdigitatum and Pen. glabrum. The results show that ITS sequencing of dust samples is adequate if supported by thorough building inspections and that food products play as large a role in the composition of the baseline spora as the outdoor air and surrounding vegetation. This pilot study provides a list of baseline fungal species found in Danish homes with a good indoor environment.

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