Effect of Organic Particulate Matter on Vegetable Crops and their Control Potentials

Air pollution has an impact, include impact to the plants. The adverse effects of air pollution have been associated with three major sources. They are gaseous pollutant and particulates from fossil fuels, manufacturing plants and vehicles. Many studies reveal that plants absorb particulate pollutants can cause damage or decline in growth. This study analysed the effects of organic particulate matter exposure on vegetable crops that were lettuce (Lactuta sativa L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L). Thus from the research we can control vegetable crops from particulate matter pollution. Growth parameters include the number of leaves, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, number of chlorophyll and stomata index. This research was conducted on Padjadjaran University Greenhouse, Jatinangor. Lettuce and cucumber were given three treatment, those were: plant was contaminated with organic particulate matter derived from clay, plant inside and outside the chamber were not contaminated. The results showed that organic particulate matter exposure more affects the growth of lettuce than cucumbers for the following parameters: plant height, dry weight and fresh weight. Control potentials of organic particulate matter include regulation management, reducing field burning of vegetable residue, and implementation of particulate matter control devices in industry and vehicles.

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Effect of gaseous pollutant on vegetable crops and its controlling

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201927606026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 276 ◽

pp. 06026

Author(s):

Ida Munfarida ◽

Asep Sofyan

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Plant Height ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Gaseous Pollutant ◽

Stroke Engine

A variety of air pollutants have known harmful effects on human health and the environment, including effects on plants. In Indonesia, these pollutants are the products of combustion from industrial areas and transportation sectors. The effect of air pollution on plant morphology and physiology has been studied. The effects of air pollution on plants are widely seen and damage all plants. This study analysed the effects of gaseous pollutant on vegetable crops, namely, lettuce (Lactuta sativa L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L). The objective of the research was to analyse the effects of exposure of gaseous pollutant on growth of lettuce (Lactuta sativa L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) in term of both morphology and physiology; thus, from the research we can control vegetable crops from air pollution. Growth parameters include the number of leaves, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, number of chlorophyll, and stomata index. This research was conducted on Padjadjaran University Greenhouse, Jatinangor. Lettuce and cucumber were given three treatments, plant was contaminated with gaseous pollutant derived from a 2-stroke engine: plants inside and outside the chamber were not contaminated. The results showed that gaseous exposure from 2-stroke engine more affects the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) than cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L), especially for the following parameters: plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight. Based on the study, air pollutant controlling on vegetable crops includes setting vegetable crops land away from industrial area and transportation sectors, then avoiding open burning after harvesting.

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PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS DAN RAGAM APLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala)

JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI ◽

10.24014/ja.v11i1.7802 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

AHMAD TAOFIK ◽

SOFIYA HASANI ◽

AYU CAHYANINGTYAS ◽

BUDY FRASETYA

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Application Method ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Factors

The paitan plant contains allelopathic compounds for other plants so that the utilize of paitan plant as a source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has not been widely applied. This research aimed to study the interaction between LOF dosage and appropriate application method of LOF to increase the growth of kailan plants. The research conducted at experimental garden of UIN Bandung from June-August 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors and replicated four times. The first factor was application methods (A), i.e. a1=direct application to the soil, and a2= spraying. The second factor was LOF dosage (T), i.e. t0: 0 ml plant-1, t1: 20 ml plant-1, t2: 40 ml plant-1, t3: 60 ml plant-1, t4: 80 ml plant-1. The growth parameters observed i.e. plant height (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 Day after Transplanting (DAT)), leaf area 42 DAT, plant dry weight 42 DAT, and plant fresh weight 42 DAT. The data then analyzed with analysis of variance at a significant level of 5%. If the analysis of variance was significant, the Duncan multiple range test was used at α=5%. The research results showed there was no interaction between method of application with a various dosage of paitan LOF to all of the growth parameters. The application paitan LOF showed similar growth in terms of plant height, leaf area, plant dry, and plant fresh weight. The application method of paitan LOF direct to the soil or spraying to leaves can not increase kailan plant growth.

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REDUCTION OF SPINDLINESSS OF TOMATO TRANSPLANTS GROWN AT HIGH DENSITIES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps85-104 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 797-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. LIPTAY

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Diameter Ratio ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Air Movement ◽

Weight One ◽

Tomato Growth ◽

Reduction Effect

The spindliness of tomato transplants grown at high densities in a greenhouse was reduced by an ethephon spray or intermittent vibration of the seedlings with air movement. Either treatment reduced the following growth parameters: plant height, height-to-stem-diameter ratio, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight. One ethephon spray alone reduced the height and improved the stalkiness of the seedling. Vibration of the plants with air movement had an even greater height-reduction effect while a combination of the two treatments was the most effective in producing the stalkiest transplants.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, plant height, stem diameter, tomato, growth regulator

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Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam (Ammaranthus tricolor) Secara Hidroponik NFT (Nutrient Film Technique)

Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) ◽

10.24843/jbeta.2020.v08.i01.p08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

I Made Suarjana ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Apriadi Aviantara ◽

Gede Arda

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Final Value ◽

Average Value ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Number Of Leaves

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spacing on the growth and yield of spinach plants with hydroponic NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) and to determine the most effective spacing and spinach results of hydroponic NFT plant growth. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatment spacing, namely 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm. Each treatment uses the same number of plants as 15 plants in one gutter. The study was conducted for 20 days. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem diameter. High parameters and number of leaves are measured every two days, while parameters of fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem diameter are measured after harvest on the 20th day. For the final value obtained from the calculation of plant height growth parameters, namely JT5 (27.45), JT10 (32.45), JT15 (33.22), and JT20 (32.94). And for the final value obtained from the calculation of the number leaf growth parameters, namely JT5 (11.21), JT10 (12.19), JT15 (12.51), and JT20 (12.17). While the final value of crop yield parameters for root lengths is JT5 (28.06), JT10 (30.43), JT15 (31.36), JT20 (30.70). For the stem diameter the average value obtained is JT5 (0.72), JT10 (8.84), JT15 (0.90), JT20 (0.85). For fresh weight of plants, the average values ??obtained are JT5 (182.40), JT10 (208.24), JT15 (215.07), JT20 (210.76). And for dry weight, the average value obtained is JT5 (9.51), JT10 (13.52), JT15 (15.05), JT20 (13.71). It can be concluded that from the results of the ANOVA analysis, the treatment of 15 cm spacing had the best results and the spacing of 5 cm showed the lowest results in each treatment observed.

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Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9080182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Ruchi Bansal ◽

Swati Priya ◽

Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽

Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽

Mahesh Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cadmium Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Limited Information ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Cd Tolerance ◽

Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

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Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0263-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽

Hassan Abd-El-Khair

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Centre ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Orobanche Crenata ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

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Silver Nanoparticles Effects on In Vitro Germination, Growth, and Biochemical Activity of Tomato, Radish, and Kale Seedlings

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14185340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 5340

Author(s):

Alicja Tymoszuk

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

In Vitro Germination ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Biochemical Activity

The interactions between nanoparticles and plant cells are still not sufficiently understood, and studies related to this subject are of scientific and practical importance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most commonly produced and used nanomaterials. This study aimed to investigate the influence of AgNPs applied at the concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg·L−1 during the process of in vitro germination as well as the biometric and biochemical parameters of developed seedlings in three vegetable species: Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Poranek’, Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus ‘Ramona’, and Brassica oleracea var. sabellica ‘Nero di Toscana’. The application of AgNPs did not affect the germination efficiency; however, diverse results were reported for the growth and biochemical activity of the seedlings, depending on the species tested and the AgNPs concentration. Tomato seedlings treated with nanoparticles, particularly at 100 mg·L−1, had shorter shoots with lower fresh and dry weights and produced roots with lower fresh weight. Simultaneously, at the biochemical level, a decrease in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids and an increase in the anthocyanins content and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity were reported. AgNPs-treated radish plants had shorter shoots of higher fresh and dry weight and longer roots with lower fresh weight. Treatment with 50 mg·L−1 and 100 mg·L−1 resulted in the highest and lowest accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaves, respectively; however, seedlings treated with 100 mg·L−1 produced less anthocyanins and polyphenols and exhibited lower GPOX activity. In kale, AgNPs-derived seedlings had a lower content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins but higher GPOX activity of and were characterized by higher fresh and dry shoot weights and higher heterogeneous biometric parameters of the roots. The results of these experiments may be of great significance for broadening the scope of knowledge on the influence of AgNPs on plant cells and the micropropagation of the vegetable species. Future studies should be aimed at testing lower or even higher concentrations of AgNPs and other NPs and to evaluate the genetic stability of NPs-treated vegetable crops and their yielding efficiency.

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Budidaya Organik Kunyit pada Kluster Biofarmaka Kabupaten Karanganyar

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v33i1.19112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Samanhudi Samanhudi ◽

Ahmad Yunus ◽

Bambang Pujiasmanto

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Organic Cultivation ◽

Potential Development ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Cultivation Techniques

Potential development of medicinal plants in Karanganyar is very large, because this area is famous as a center of medicinal plants such as ginger, turmeric, kencur, and temulawak. In the development of medicinal plants, the approach of organic cultivation is one of the alternatives that can be done to achieve the business. Therefore the application of technology to society about organic farming on Biopharmaca Cluster of Karanganyar was conducted with the aim to apply organic cultivation techniques that have resulted from previous studies, so it can be applied by the community to increase income and welfare. This application of technology to society activity is held in Sambirejo, Jumantono, Karanganyar. The research was conducted from March to October 2016. The results showed that the application of chicken manure affects the number of leaves, number of tillers, and the fresh weight of turmeric rhizome. The addition of manure (chicken, goat, cow) can increase all variables of planting growth which include plant height, number of leaf, number of tillers, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, and fresh weight of rhizomes. Giving three types of manure (chicken, goat, cow) with mycorrhizal dose treatment there is no intraction to some growth observation variables. Mycorrhizal treatment with a dose of 10 g/plant can increase the number of tillers in turmeric. Overall the application of mycorrhizal at various doses (5, 10, and 15 g/plant) can increase plant height, leaf number, number of tillers, and fresh weight of turmeric rhizome.

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Timing and Rates of Two Products Using Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) to Control Algae in Ebb and Flow Hydroponic Systems

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci16193-21 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39

Author(s):

Dharti Thakulla ◽

Bruce L. Dunn ◽

Carla Goad ◽

Bizhen Hu

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Plant Height ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Flower Number ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Hydroponic Systems ◽

Weekly Application ◽

Ebb And Flow

Algae is not desirable in hydroponics and creates problems such as reduced yield and decreased dissolved oxygen, and affects the physiology of plants and, thus, needs to be controlled. An experiment was conducted in Ebb and Flow hydroponic systems to investigate the application timing and rates of two hydrogen peroxide products (Zerotol and PERpose Plus). Treatments included 35 mL weekly, 35 mL biweekly, 70 mL weekly, 70 mL biweekly, and a control with no application of hydrogen peroxide using a 40-gallon reservoir of water. Pepper ‘Early Jalapeno’ and ‘Lunchbox Red’ and tomato ‘Geronimo’ and ‘Little Sicily’ were used. The study was conducted in a split-plot design with two replications over time. Plant growth parameters, including plant height, flower number, net CO2 assimilation, fresh weight, and dry weight were recorded. Algae data, including dry weight, algae cell counts, and chl a were also measured. Results indicated that with increasing rate and timing of either product decreased algae counts, dry weight, and chl a values. However, weekly and biweekly application of 70 mL of both products were not different for algae quantification. In pepper, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight were found to be significantly greater with Zerotol 35 mL biweekly, Zerotol 70 mL weekly, PERpose Plus 35 mL biweekly, and PERpose Plus 70 mL weekly compared with the control. ‘Lunchbox Red’ was significantly greater than ‘Early Jalapeno’ in all growth parameters, except soil plant analysis development (SPAD). ‘Lunchbox Red’ had the greatest flower number, with weekly application of 70 mL PERpose Plus. In tomato, greatest flower number and SPAD were observed in ‘Geronimo’ with a weekly application of 70 mL PERpose Plus and 70 mL Zerotol, respectively. Greater shoot and root fresh and dry weight for both tomato cultivars were recorded with 35 mL biweekly or 70 mL weekly application with either product. The results from both plants as well as algae analysis suggest that weekly application of 70 mL of either Zerotol or PERpose Plus produced the best results in terms of controlling algae and improving the growth of pepper and tomato plants.

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THE GROWTH RATE OF CELERY (Apium graveolens L.) AT VARIOUS COMPOSITIONS OF ORGANIC AND SYNTHETIC FERTILIZER

JURNAL AGRONIDA ◽

10.30997/jag.v3i1.1004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ghani Hendrika ◽

Arifah Rahayu ◽

Yanyan Mulyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Synthetic Fertilizer ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Compost Plant ◽

Number Of Leaves

This study was aimed at assessing the growth and production of celery plants grown with various compositions of N,P and K fertilizer and compost. The study was done at the Trial Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Djuanda University, Bogor ﬁom September to November 2015. A completely randomized design with two factors was used. The factors consisted of compost rate and N,P and K fertilizer rate. Compost was given in four levels, namely no compost (0% R), 26.3% gcompost/plant (50% R), 52.5 g compost/plant (100% R), and 78.7 g compost/plant (150% R). N, P and K fertilizer was given in ﬁve levels, namely no fertilizer (0% R), 4 g Urea, 0.3 g SP-36, 0.2 g KCl (25% R), 0.9 g Urea, 0.6 g SP-36, 0.4 g KCI (50% R), 1.3 g Urea, 0.8 g SP-36, 0.6 g KCl (75% R), and 1.7 g Urea, 1.1 g SP-36, 0.8 g KCl (100% R). All fertilizers were administered gradually at the time of planting and 2 weeks after planting. Three replicates were allocated into each treatment making up 60 experimental units. Results showed that celery plants given synthetic fertilizer at 100% R had higher plant height, number of leaves, number of seedlings, harvest fresh weight (g), saleable fresh weight (g), root biomass (g), and root dry weight (g) than those treated with no fertilizer (0% R). Plants treated with 150% compost had higher plant height, number of leaves, harvest fresh weight (g), saleable fresh weight (g), root length (cm), and root dry weight (g) than those treated with no fertilizer (0% R). Thus the best celery growth and production in this study was obtained on plant 150% R compost and 100% R synthetic fertilizer nourished.Key words: celery, compost, N, P, K fertilizer, harvest ﬂesh weight

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