Methodological approaches to the use of images from uavs to assess the technological stress of crops

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
S. Shvorov ◽  
◽  
N. Pasichnyk ◽  
O. Opryshko ◽  
I. Bolbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Computer Training ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Prolonged Action ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Distribution Of Stress ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the applied aspects of UAV use, namely the monitoring of winter wheat crops in relation to the stresses caused by technological stresses. First of all, this applies to the prolonged action of herbicides left over from the predecessor crop and which cause stress in new crops. The issue has local specifics related to the inconsistency of plant cultivation technologies and to the insufficient study of the impact of the latest plant protection products in domestic soil conditions. Restoration of crop yields is possible with timely identification of the causes of stress, but decision-making time is limited, which requires the introduction of the latest monitoring technologies suitable for industrial scale. In laboratory studies using phytochambers, the presence of both spectral indicators of healthy and affected plants and the difference in their dimensions were recorded. However, such differences can be explained by other stressors, so it was not possible to establish clear criteria for spectral or spectral-spatial monitoring methods that clearly indicated the stress caused by the after-effects of herbicides. In field studies using the Slantrange complex mounted on a DJI Matrice 600 UAV as an object of study, the distribution of stress areas in the field was analyzed. It was found that, in purely spectral and spectral-spatial monitoring of winter wheat, it was not possible to reliably identify the stressful nature caused by the aftereffects of herbicides, ie ground platforms for spectral sensor equipment are ineffective. It is proved that the maps of stress indices obtained on the basis of high-resolution data from UAVs can be considered as a separate object of research on the interpretation of the causes of stress of complex biotechnical objects such as crops. Improving the reliability and reliability of monitoring data can be achieved by implementing systems of machine data processing and computer training to find correlations between the distribution of stress in plants in the field and the implementation of technological operations, terrain. Key words: UAV, stress, prolonged action of herbicides, Slantrange

scholarly journals On the Use of UAVs with a Slantrange Sensor System for Estimation of Crop Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Natalia Pasichnyk ◽  
Serhii Lienkov ◽  
Sergey Shvorov ◽  
Larysa Komarova ◽  
Dmytro Komarchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Computer Training ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Distribution Of Stress ◽  
The Impact

The article addresses applied aspects of using UAVs for monitoring winter wheat crops to assess the aftereffects of herbicides remaining on the culture of the predecessor. The issue has a local specificity related to inconsistencies of plant cultivation technologies and the inadequate study of the impact of modern plant protection products in domestic soil conditions. Restoring the crop yields is possible by timely identification of the causes of stress, but the time for decision-making is limited. This time can be reduced by state-of-the-art monitoring technologies applied at industrial scale. Laboratory studies using phyto cameras and spectral and spectral-spatial monitoring methods unambiguously testified to the stress caused by the aftereffect of herbicides, but did not allow to establish clear criteria. Therefore, we conducted field studies using UAV-mounted Slantrange complex and analyzing the DJI Matrice 200 to define the distribution of stress areas on the field. It was found that the reliability of monitoring data can increased computer data processing and computer training in the search for correlation links between the distribution of stress plants in the field and the implementation of technological operations, terrain topography, etc.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF UNREGULATED FACTOR INFLUENCE ON WINTER WHEAT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Gundega Dinaburga ◽  
Dainis Lapiņš ◽  
Andris Bērziņš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The Impact

The modern meaning of accurate crop cultivation is closely associated with the new information technologies - geographic information and global positioning systems. Latvia has not published the results of research on soil conditions and the impact of unregulated factors of production conditions on winter wheat growth and yield. Analysis of results of studies aimed to clarify the difference of soil treatment facilities, as the criteria for the treatment of soil using soil characterizing Non-plant growth and development factors. Investigations were carried out in 2005 – 2007 on the production plantations of the Kurpnieki field, the Vecauce Study and Research Farm of the Latvia University of Agriculture. The results, while on a previous year, research on soil management measures to optimize the opportunities associated with global positioning systems, precision field management implementation practice shows that in order to obtain objective indicators and to gain the desired results, it was not enough for one season observation, since a large role in shaping the harvest is the meteorological conditions during the growing period. Unregulated factors: organic matter content, Ap horizon thickness, as well as the relative height above sea-level properties of materials research is the prerequisite for geographic information system-based resource-saving cultivation technology field-crop cultivation.

scholarly journals The effect of No-till technology on the mineral nitrogen content in the Lower Don Chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Tatyana Minkina ◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a five-year study of the impact of various agricultural technologies (No-till, minimum and traditional using moldboard ploughing) on the content of mineral nitrogen in Haplic Chernozem in southern zone of Rostov Region. It has been revealed that the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the winter wheat areas cultivated by various agricultural technologies does not significantly change in samples collected both in spring and in summer. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen under resource-saving technologies (both minimum and Notill) has been higher than under ploughing throughout the whole period of study. The trend identified has not been mathematically confirmed. Nevertheless, the impact of No-till technology on the intensity of ammonification and nitrification should not be unequivocally denied, since a significant amount of mineral nitrogen is extracted by crops, and their crop yields under minimum and zero tillage was higher, than when ploughing was applied.

scholarly journals The expediency of using a plant protection system using the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, W in the cultivation of winter wheat in the Southern natural and agricultural zone of the Rostov region

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Gennady Urban ◽  
Olga Krotova ◽  
Denis Efimov ◽  
Konstantin Savenkov ◽  
Maria Savenkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Protection System

The authors analyzed the biological effectiveness of the integrated plant protection system formed when the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh was included in the classical protection scheme adopted in the farms of the Rostov region. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, was analyzed, the impact of the studied protection system on the yield, the quality of the grain obtained, the phytosanitary condition of the crop during the growing season on winter wheat crops of the variety Nakhodka with the use of a plant protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh. The fungicide BisolbiSan, containing a culture of rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain H-13, suppresses the germination of spores and mycelium growth of phytopathogenic fungi due to the multilateral action of bacterial metabolites, without causing the formation of resistance in pathogens. It was found that the protection system used practically does not cause a decrease in grain quality — in terms of the average protein and gluten content, the grain at the experimental site even slightly exceeds the grain obtained from the control site by 16.88% and 27.8%. With the cost of winter wheat grain of 1100 rubles/kg, an increase in the yield in the experiment of 3.8 kg/ha in relation to control and the cost of an experimental protection system in the amount of 3,357 rubles/ha, revenue amounted to 823 rubles/ha.

scholarly journals The effect of soil and weather conditions on yields of winter wheat in multi-environmental trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Iwańska ◽  
Michał Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Growth Stage ◽  
The Impact

SummaryDrought reduces crop yields not only in areas of arid climate. The impact of droughts depends on the crop growth stage and soil properties. The frequency of droughts will increase due to climate change. It is important to determine the environmental variables that have the strongest effect on wheat yields in dry years. The effect of soil and weather on wheat yield was evaluated in 2018, which was considered a very dry year in Europe. The winter wheat yield data from 19 trial locations of the Research Center of Cultivar Testing (COBORU), Poland, were used. Soil data from the trial locations, mean air temperature (T) and precipitation (P) were considered as environmental factors, as well as the climatic water balance (CWB). The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC), which is based on P and T, was also used. The effect of these factors on winter wheat yield was related to the weather conditions at particular growth stages. The soil had a greater effect than the weather conditions. CWB, P, T and HTC showed a clear relationship with winter wheat yield. Soil data and HTC are the factors most recommended for models predicting crop yields. In the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes, the plants should be subjected to stress especially during the heading and grain filling growth stages.

scholarly journals Experimental Assessment of the Economic Injury Level of the Cereal Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Winter Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1823-1830
Author(s):  
Thomas Steinger ◽  
Françoise Klötzli ◽  
Hans Ramseier
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus L., is an economically important pest species, reducing crop yields in many cereal growing parts of the world. Available studies on yield depression in winter wheat in relation to the density of O. melanopus revealed inconsistent results, creating uncertainty about economic thresholds for pest control. We present results from a series of controlled field trials over a 4-yr period (2014–2017) in Switzerland to examine the impact of artificial defoliation (0, 20, 40, and 60% of flag leaf area removed in 1-m2 field plots) on yield and yield components in winter wheat. The applied defoliation treatments correspond to field infestations levels of approximately 2–6 larvae per stem. Analysis of the combined data from 11 location-years revealed a significant linear decrease in yield per ear with increasing defoliation intensity. Yield per ear declined at a rate of 1.14% (SE = 0.28) per 10 percentage-point increase in defoliation. Similar results were found in a parallel series of field trials in which a 40% defoliation treatment was applied to eight common wheat cultivars. Interestingly, however, three cultivars showed complete tolerance in yield to defoliation. Data from two trials with natural defoliation by larvae revealed equally low levels of yield loss by feeding of O. melanopus. Based on the experimentally derived yield loss function, we calculated economic injury levels for a range of crop values. These will serve as benchmarks in the development of IPM decision-support tools for managing cereal leaf beetles in winter wheat.

scholarly journals Seasonal forecasting of green water components and crop yields of winter wheat in Serbia and Austria

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lalić ◽  
A. Firanj Sremac ◽  
L. Dekić ◽  
J. Eitzinger ◽  
D. Perišić
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Ensemble Forecasting ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Medium Range Weather Forecast ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasts ◽  
Seasonal Weather

AbstractA probabilistic crop forecast based on ensembles of crop model output (CMO) estimates offers a myriad of possible realizations and probabilistic forecasts of green water components (precipitation and evapotranspiration), crop yields and green water footprints (GWFs) on monthly or seasonal scales. The present paper presents part of the results of an ongoing study related to the application of ensemble forecasting concepts for agricultural production. The methodology used to produce the ensemble CMO using the ensemble seasonal weather forecasts as the crop model input meteorological data without the perturbation of initial soil or crop conditions is presented and tested for accuracy, as are its results. The selected case study is for winter wheat growth in Austria and Serbia during the 2006–2014 period modelled with the SIRIUS crop model. The historical seasonal forecasts for a 6-month period (1 March-31 August) were collected for the period 2006–2014 and were assimilated from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast and the Meteorological Archival and Retrieval System. The seasonal ensemble forecasting results obtained for winter wheat phenology dynamics, yield and GWF showed a narrow range of estimates. These results indicate that the use of seasonal weather forecasting in agriculture and its applications for probabilistic crop forecasting can optimize field operations (e.g., soil cultivation, plant protection, fertilizing, irrigation) and takes advantage of the predictions of crop development and yield a few weeks or months in advance.

scholarly journals Effects of Bias-Corrected Regional Climate Projections and Their Spatial Resolutions on Crop Model Results under Different Climatic and Soil Conditions in Austria

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Sabina Thaler ◽  
Herbert Formayer ◽  
Gerhard Kubu ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Josef Eitzinger
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Conditions

The quality, reliability, and uncertainty of Austrian climate projections (ÖKS15) and their impacts on the results of the crop model DSSAT for three different orographic and climatic agricultural regions in Austria were analyzed. Cultivar-specific grain yields of winter wheat, spring barley, and maize were simulated for different soil classes to address three main objectives. First, the uncertainties of simulated crop yields related to the ÖKS15 projections were analyzed under current climate conditions. The climate projections revealed that the case study regions with higher humidity levels generally had lower yield deviations than the drier regions (yield deviations from −19% to +15%). Regarding the simulated crop types, spring barley was found to be less sensitive to the climate projections than rainfed maize, and the response was greater in regions with a low soil water storage capacity. The second objective was to simulate crop yields for the same cultivars using future climate projections. Winter wheat and spring barley tended to show increased yields by the end of the century due to an assumed CO2-fertilization effect in the range of 3–23%, especially under RCP 8.5. However, rainfed and irrigated maize were associated with up to 17% yield reductions in all three study regions due to a shortened growth period caused by warming. The third objective addressed the effects of crop model weather input data with different spatial resolutions (1 vs. 5, 11, and 21 km) on simulated crop yields using the climate projections. Irrigated grain maize and rainfed spring barley had the lowest simulated yield deviations between the spatial scales applied due to their better water supply conditions. The ranges of uncertainty revealed by the different analyses suggest that impact models should be tested with site representative conditions before being applied to develop site-specific adaptation options for Austrian crop production.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pálfai’s drought index and the Normalised Precipitation Index in the North Great Plain region

2015 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Bernadett Gálya ◽  
Attila Nagy ◽  
Lajos Blaskó ◽  
Boglárka Dályai ◽  
János Tamás
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture has always been an important role in economy, food supplies, sustainability of society and creation of job opportunities in Hungary. Our country has resource-related strength of agriculture, because we have more than 4.5 million ha for agricultural production. Agricultural production can be influenced by several factors, including climate, hydrology, soil conditions and antropogenic impacts. Climate determines the quality and quantity of the crop yields. The climate conditions in Hungary are variable and it shows spatial and temporal extremes. As a result of this, drought have become more frequent in our country (2003, 2007, 2009, 2012), which is reflected in the decline in yields as well. In the present study, Pálfai's Drought Index (PAI) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were compared 2003–2012 in Debrecen. The temperature and precipitation data were calculated from data provided by a local meteorological station to work out PAI, while the SPI-3 index values were downloaded from the database of the European Drought Observatory. This allowed to drought assessment in a local and regional scale. Our study was supplemented with SPI-3, soil moisture anomalies, PAI and yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) to evaluating the impact of drought on agriculture.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Cropping Systems on Groundwater Consumption and Nitrate Leaching in the Piedmont Area of the North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1635
Author(s):  
Meiying Liu ◽  
Leilei Min ◽  
Yanjun Shen ◽  
Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
The North ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Groundwater Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The overexploitation of groundwater and the excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer under the intensive double cropping system are responsible for the groundwater level decline and potential contamination in the North China Plain (NCP). Alternative cropping systems have the potential to alleviate current groundwater and N problems in the region, while there are limited studies simultaneously focusing on the impact of a change of cropping systems on crop yields, groundwater consumption, and N leaching. In this study, Field observed experiments of double-cropping system (i.e., winter wheat–summer maize) and mono-cropping system (early sowing maize) were used to calibrate and validate the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2). Then, the validated RZWQM2 model was used to evaluate the long-term crop growth and environmental impact under the local winter wheat–summer maize rotation system with practical irrigation (WW-SM_pi) and auto-irrigation (WW-SM_ai), and three alternative cropping systems (single early maize, SEM; winter wheat–summer maize and single early maize, WW-SM-SEM; winter wheat-summer maize and double single early maize, WW-SM-2SEM). The net consumption of groundwater and N leaching under WW-SM_pi were 226.9 mm yr−1 and 79.7 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Under the local rotation system, auto-irrigation could increase crop yields and N leaching. Compared with the WW-SM_ai, the alternative cropping systems, WW-SM-SEM, WW-SM-2SEM, and SEM, significantly decreased the net consumption of groundwater by 49.3%, 63.0%, and 97.8%, respectively (147.5–292.9 mm), and N leaching by 53.5%, 67.5%, and 89.6%, respectively (50.0–83.7 kg ha−1). However, the yields of the three alternative cropping systems were reduced by less than 30% (12.2%, 20.1%, and 29.7%, respectively). The simulated results indicated that appropriately decreasing the planting frequency of winter wheat is an effective approach to reduce groundwater overexploitation and N contamination with a relatively limited reduction in grain yields. The results could provide a scientific basis for cropping system adjustment in guaranteeing sustainable regional water and grain policy.

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