scholarly journals Field measurements and CFD simulation of a room in an elderly care center in Lithuania to evaluate air quality and thermal comfort

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Mantas Dobravalskis ◽  
Lina Šeduikytė ◽  
Ugnė Didžiariekytė
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
To Come

Aging is one of the biggest challenges that our society will face in the next decades to come. Multiple sources predict that the number of elderly people will rapidly increase in a lot of regions around the world. In Europe alone it is estimated that the number of elderly people will increase by up to 5 times in the next 30 years. With a growing number of elderly people, the importance of taking care of them also grows. Therefore, we need to make sure that the conditions they live in are suitable for their specific needs: both comfort vise and health vise. To evaluate the current situation and issues in elderly care centers field measurements were taken in ECC in Kaunas, Lithuania. During these measurements, data were collected about temperature and relative humidity at multiple rooms in the care center. Gathered data was analyzed and major issues were noticed. The second stage of this study included CFD simulations of one of the rooms that ECC residents live in. Currently, this building only has natural ventilation in all of its rooms. Mechanical ventilation was simulated to see how it would impact air quality and thermal comfort in such rooms. Two main types of ventilation were simulated: mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation. Both methods were compared to natural ventilation and each one was evaluated as a potential solution for solving current issues in elderly care centers. It is also important to make sure that the solution chosen is sustainable and can be widely implemented.

The Potential of Natural Ventilation in Single-Sided Ventilated Apartment to Improve Indoor Thermal Comfort and Air Quality

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Mohamed ◽  
M. Behnia ◽  
S. King ◽  
D. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
Flat Design ◽  
Effective Ventilation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Ventilation Performance

Cross ventilation is a more effective ventilation strategy in comparison to single-sided ventilation. In the NSW Residential Flat Design Code1 (RFDC) the majority of apartments are required to adopt cross ventilation. However, in the case of studio and one-bedroom apartments, it is acknowledged that single-sided ventilation may prevail. Deep plan studio and one-bedroom apartments may achieve lower amenity of summer thermal comfort and indoor air quality where mechanical ventilation is not provided by air conditioning. Since compliance with the code may allow up to 40% of apartments in a development in Sydney to be single sided, it is important to understand the natural ventilation performance of such apartments. The objective of this paper is to investigate the natural ventilation potential in single-sided ventilated apartments to improve indoor air quality and thermal comfort. This investigation includes simulating various facade treatments involving multiple opening and balcony configurations. Balcony configurations are included in this study because, in Sydney, a balcony is a compulsory architectural element in any apartment building. The study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to simulate and predict the ventilation performance of each apartment configuration. This study suggests that properly configured balconies and openings can significantly improve indoor ventilation performance for enhanced indoor air quality and thermal comfort, by optimizing the available prevailing wind. However, it is important to note that inappropriately designed fac¸ade treatments also could diminish natural ventilation performance.

scholarly journals HVAC Ventilation Strategies: The Contribution for Thermal Comfort, Energy Efficiency, and Indoor Air Quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatuwat Varodompun ◽  
Mojtaba Navvab
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Ventilation Strategy ◽  
Jet Ventilation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ventilation Strategies

In Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, ventilation strategies impact building energy consumption, occupants' thermal comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Ventilation strategies such as Mixing Jet Ventilation (MJV), Displacement Ventilation (DV), and Impinging Jet Ventilation (IJV) are operated on the different principals. MJV relies on dilution, while DV and IJV rely on both dilution and stratification. Due to climatic variation, ventilation strategies must be operated under different cooling and heating load scenarios. Typically, each ventilation strategy controls the indoor environment through a single adequate flow rate with suitable supply parameters such as temperature, pollutant concentration, vapor, velocity, etc. Hence, the indoor thermal and IAQ condition are independently impacted. A room with excellent thermal condition is possible to have poor IAQ. Given this limitation, vast air flow variables, and occupants' activities, the performances evaluation of these strategies are complicated. In this study, three ventilation strategies, MJV, DV, and IJV are thoroughly investigated. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was mainly utilized to handle the complexity of this study. The parametric studies of 48 CFD simulations are presented. Referring to ASHRAE RP-1133, the experimental data from a specially built HVAC-IEQ laboratory was used to validate the CFD data. The research results indicate both advantages and disadvantages in all three strategies. In addition, there is no single strategy that can perform excellently in all indexes. Using the well-known index called ventilation effectiveness (VEF), DV performs outstandingly. However, under a newly proposed index called ventilation performances, DV fails because the stratification discomfort exceeds 36% of room area. MJV suffers from low VEF and excessive draft. However, the IAQ of MJV is not as poor as expected. IJV can be an alternative especially for space where sleeping and sitting activities dominate. IJV can conserve HVAC energy, while maintaining good IAQ. Compared to DV, although VEF is lower, stratification discomfort is minimized to 24%–12% (depending on supply velocity). Overall, this study demonstrates that ventilation strategies are the key to enhance IAQ. Therefore, the utilization of an appropriate ventilation strategy might increase, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) score, particularly for Indoor Environmental Quality, Innovation and Design Process, and Energy and Atmospheric categories.

Numerical Investigation on Ventilation Strategy for Laboratories: An Approach to Control Thermal Comfort and Air Quality Using Active Chilled Beams

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Memarzadeh ◽  
Jane Jiang ◽  
Andy Manning
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Ventilation Strategy ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Beam System ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Lower Flow Rate

Laboratories are usually equipment intensive. The supply flow rates required to cool these laboratories are generally higher than in a less equipment intensive zone of the building. The thermal comfort of occupants in laboratories can be controlled by the choice of ventilation strategy. This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to assess the performance of active chilled beams in a general laboratory layout with some equipment intensive areas and the removal effectiveness of such a system. The chilled beam performance is also compared with at of ceiling diffusers. The results from this study show that the chilled beams improve thermal comfort, and they can be operated at as low as 4 ACH while maintaining very satisfactory average PPD (around 10%) in the occupied zones. The chilled beam system also improves removal effectiveness because of the inherent higher total supply flow rate that results in a better mixing in the room than ceiling diffusers. The chilled beams in the cases studied are seen to have an insignificant effect on the hood containment. As satisfactory thermal comfort and air quality can be achieved at a lower flow rate in comparison with all-air ceiling diffusers, a 14% saving is estimated in annual energy cost for cooling and ventilating a typical lab in the Washington DC area.

scholarly journals KONDISI TERMAL PADA PENGHAWAAN ALAMI DI RUANG TUNGGU UTAMA STASIUN SEMARANG TAWANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Hana Faza Surya Rusyda ◽  
Erni Setyowati ◽  
Gagoek Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Train Station ◽  
State Of Mind

Abstract:. Thermal comfort is a state of mind that expresses a user's satisfaction with thermal conditions. This study focuses on the design of natural ventilation which is one of the efforts to reduce the heat that exists in the building, especially in maintaining the thermal conditions. Tawang Train Station, Semarang has a natural ventilation design that is still maintained especially in the waiting room. This study aims to determine the thermal conditions of the design of ventilation using the theory of Mom and Wiseborn, SNI 03-6572-2001, and Olgyay chart. This research method uses quantitative and field measurements were done for 14 hours to know the movement of air, temperature, humidity. The results were then compared with the standard and the theory. It was found that thermal comfort conditions that still utilize the movement of the wind from natural ventilation in the main waiting room of Tawang Semarang Station.Keyword: Thermal Condition, Natural Ventilation, Semarang Tawang Station.Abstrak: Kenyamanan termal merupakan suatu kondisi pikir seseorang yang mengekspresikan kepuasan pengguna terhadap kondisi termal.  Penelitian ini berfokus pada desain penghawaan yang merupakan salah satu upaya mengurangi panas yang ada dalam bangunan terutama dalam menjaga kondisi termal. Stasiun Tawang Semarang, mempunyai desain penghawaan alami yang masih dipertahannkan terutama pada ruang tungguya. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi termal dari desain penghawaan dengan menggunakan teori mom dan wiseborn, SNI 03-6572-2001, serta grafik olgyay. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif dan pengukuran dilapangan dilakukan selama 14 jam untuk mengetahui pergerakan udara, temperature, kelembaban. Hasil penelitian kemudian di bandingkan dengan standar SNI, Mom & Wiseborn dan Diagram Olgyay. Ditemukan bahwa kondisi kenyamanan termal yang masih memanfaatkan pergerakan angin dari ventilasi alami pada ruang tunggu utama Stasiun Semarang Tawang.Kata Kunci: Kondisi Termal, Ventilasi Alami, Ruang tunggu, Stasiun Semarang Tawang

scholarly journals The Determination of Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort with Different Space and Ventilation in the Teracce and Bungalow Houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-793
Author(s):  
Nur Baitul Izati Rasli ◽  
Nor Azam Ramli ◽  
Mohd Rodzi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Air Movement

This study observed the influence of different ventilation, indoor and outdoor activities (i.e., cooking, praying, sweeping, gathering, and exhaust from motorcycle) between a bungalow house (i.e., stack and cross ventilation applications) and a terrace house (i.e., one-sided ventilation application). We appraised the indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort. We monitored the indoor air contaminants (i.e., TVOC, CO, CH2O, PM10, O3, and CO2) and specific physical parameters (i.e., T, RH, and AS) for four days in the morning (i.e., 6.00 a.m. – 9.00 a.m.), morning-evening (i.e., 11.00 a.m. – 2.00 p.m.), and evening-night (i.e., 5.00 p.m. – 8.00 p.m.) sessions. The results found that cooking activities are the major activities that contributed to the increase of the TVOC, CO, PM10, O3, and CO2 concentrations in the bungalow and terrace houses. However, IAQ exceeded the Industry Code of Practice on IAQ (ICOP) limit in the terrace house. The bungalow house applies stack and cross ventilation, double area, and a long pathway of indoor air contaminants movements. Besides that, the results indicated that cooking activities worsen the ventilation system because CO2 exceeded the ICOP limit on Day 2 at 74.1 % (evening-night session) and Day 3 at 13.2 % (morning session), 11% (morning-evening session), and 50.1 % (evening-night session). Moreover, the combination of mechanical (i.e., opened all fans) and natural ventilation (i.e., opened all doors, windows, and fans) is the best application in the house without a cooking ventilator with lower indoor air movement. Furthermore, the temperatures exceeding the ICOP limit of 23-26 °C for both bungalow and terrace houses could be lower indoor air movement, which is less than the ICOP limit of 0.15-0.5 m/s and high outdoor air temperature. Therefore, it is prudent to have an efficient ventilation system for acceptable indoor air quality and thermal comfort in the family house.

scholarly journals The Effects of 12 Weeks Pilates Exercises on Functional and Cognitive Performance in Elderly People

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3S) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Buket Kayaoğlu ◽  
İlbilge Özsu
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks Pilates exercises on functional and cognitive performance in elderly people which are living in an elderly care center. Forty three elderly were randomly allocated either to Pilates group (PG, n= 21; mean age, 72.8 ± 7.84 years), which performed three session of Pilates per week for 12 weeks, or to control group (CG, n= 22; mean age, 77.7 ± 7.25 years), which no performed any exercise is except from daily works. Participants tested to handgrip strength, Berg balance scale, Functional reach test and Mini Mental State Examination Test before and after the 12 weeks of exercise. Finally, PG demonstrated improvement in all variables. However, CG has no improvement any variables. Pilates exercises led to significant improvement in functional and cognitive performance. Therefore, elderly people can apply a well-structured Pilates exercise program under Pilates instructor and physiotherapist.

scholarly journals Winter Thermal Comfort and Perceived Air Quality: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Severe Cold Regions in China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5958
Author(s):  
Fusheng Ma ◽  
Changhong Zhan ◽  
Xiaoyang Xu ◽  
Guanghao Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Cold Regions

In Northeast China, most classrooms in primary and secondary schools still use natural ventilation during cold days in winter. This study investigated the thermal comfort and the perceived air quality of children in primary schools in severe cold regions in China. Field measurements were conducted in four typical primary classrooms in two naturally ventilated teaching buildings in the winter of 2016 in the provincial city of Shenyang. Six field surveys were distributed to 141 primary students aged 8 to 11, and 835 valid questionnaires were collected. The results showed that the indoor temperature and the daily mean CO2 concentrations of the primary school classrooms ranged from 17.06 to 24.29 °C and from 1701 to 3959 ppm, respectively. The thermal neutral temperature of the primary school students was 18.5 °C, and the 90% thermal comfort temperature ranged from 17.3 to 20.1 °C. Children were able to respond to changes in indoor air quality, but there was no significant correlation between the children’s perceptions of air quality and the carbon dioxide levels in the classroom. In general, children have a lower comfort temperature than adults. In addition, children are more sensitive to temperature changes during the heating season than adults. Due to differences in thermal sensation between children and adults, the current thermal comfort standard based on adult data is not applicable to primary school buildings and children. The air quality evaluation during heating season indicates that it is necessary to add indoor air environment monitoring instruments and purification equipment to the naturally ventilated classrooms. At present and in the future, more research based on children’s data is needed to solve the indoor air environment problems in primary school buildings.

scholarly journals Modeling and Validation of the Cool Summer Microclimate Formed by Passive Cooling Elements in a Semi-Outdoor Building Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5360
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Del Rio ◽  
Takashi Asawa ◽  
Yukari Hirayama
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Cool Summer ◽  
Cooling Element ◽  
Del Rio

Previous measurements (Del Rio et al. 2019) have confirmed the formation of cool summer microclimates through a combination of passive cooling elements (i.e., evaporative cooling louver, vegetation, and sunscreen) in semi-outdoor building spaces in Japan. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is useful to understand the contribution of each element to semi-outdoor and indoor microclimates with natural ventilation, and to determine their effective combination. To date, there have not been sufficient studies on the modeling and validation for the CFD simulation of microclimates by such elements. This study demonstrates the modeling method using literature-based values and field measurements. It also demonstrates model validity by comparing the obtained results with field measurements. The results show that CFD simulation with detailed modeling of these elements can replicate vertical temperature distributions at four different positions across the semi-outdoor space and indoor space. The maximum difference in air temperature between the measurements and simulation results was 0.7–1 °C. The sensitivities of each passive cooling element on the microclimates formed in both spaces were confirmed. The watered louver condition and shorter louver–window distance were most effective in cooling both spaces. These results indicate that the modeling method could be effectively applied to assess cool microclimates and formulate a passive cooling design.

Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in the Kindergarten Hart - A Case Study of a Unique Sustainable Building Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
Matthias Schuss ◽  
Mahnameh Taheri ◽  
Ulrich Pont ◽  
Ardeshir Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The present contribution, reports on the results of ongoing research efforts on performance assessment of a number of buildings designed by the Austrian architect, Konrad Frey. He is a pioneer of energy-efficient architecture, and his designs, those dating back to the 1970s, adapted the principles of modern solar houses. The current study focuses on the Kindergarten Hart, which was especially designed focusing on the availability of cross ventilation option in building. For the purpose of analyzing thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and the occupants’ adaptive actions with respect to natural ventilation, we conducted long-term monitoring under summer and winter conditions. The monitoring efforts covered indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, as well as the state of windows. Thereby, study of the monitored dataset provides a better understanding of the building performance. Moreover, it makes it possible to examine whether the architect’s expectations in terms of thermal comfort and indoor air quality levels are fulfilled or not. In addition, investigation of the occupants’ interactions with windows, together with indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, assists understanding of possible associations between the window opening/closing and environmental parameters, as well as potential optimization of the control-oriented actions.

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