scholarly journals Monitoring and thermal performance evaluation of two building envelope solutions in an apartment building

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 25002
Author(s):  
Beñat Arregi ◽  
Roberto Garay-Martinez ◽  
Julen Astudillo ◽  
Juan Carlos Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Basque Country ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Multiple Regression Method ◽  
San Sebastian ◽  
Wall Assembly ◽  
State Average

A bio-based multi-layer building envelope assembly has been developed for its integration in newly built and retrofitted buildings. Forest-based materials and biocomposite profiles are used as an alternative to fossil-based insulants and metallic framing, providing a well-insulated and low-thermal-bridge technical solution. The wall assembly has been installed as the external envelope of one apartment of a housing block in Donostia-San Sebastián (Basque Country, Spain). A comparative study has been performed for the bio-based wall and the reference wall of the building. Their in-situ thermal resistance has been obtained by means of three different methods: (1) the steady-state average method, (2) a semi-dynamic method from heat balance at the internal surface, and (3) a dynamic multiple regression method. Reasonably consistent results have been obtained with the three methods: a discussion is provided on the influence of measuring periods and boundary conditions. Outputs from this experimental campaign are valuable as a counterpoint to desktop studies and tests under controlled laboratory conditions. Learnings and outputs from the present study should contribute to a better understanding of the in-situ performance of building envelope assemblies and their assessment methods.

scholarly journals In situ monitoring of internal surface temperature of the historic building envelope

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Veronika Labovská ◽  
Dušan Katunský
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Real Behavior

Abstract Historical building envelope is characterized by a large accumulation that impact is mainly by changing the inner surface temperature over time. The minimum value of the inner surface temperature is set Code requirements. In the case of thermal technology assessment of building envelope contemplates a steady state external temperature and internal environment, thereby neglecting the heat accumulation capacity of building envelopes. Monitoring surface temperature in real terms in situ shows the real behavior of the building envelope close to reality. The recorded data can be used to create a numerical model for the simulation.

Influence of Thermal Break Element Applied in Balcony Slab on Internal Surface Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 1057 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Peter Buday ◽  
Rastislav Ingeli ◽  
Miroslav Čekon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Thermal Bridges ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Reduction of energy use in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate change mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses when designing and building energy efficient buildings. For an energy-efficient building in a cold climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. To achieve this, it is necessary to have processed a detailed design of buildings. Thermal bridges have to be eliminated in the design of buildings. Thermal bridges occur as point ones or linear. One of the specific details that create thermal leakage is located in balcony slabs. The balcony is one of the main reasons of the increased heat loss of buildings. The presence of thermal bridge in constructions of balcony envelopes influences the energy consumption, durability of the building envelopes, and also the thermal comfort of occupants. This paper is focused on advanced analysis of thermal performance of thermal break element applied in balcony slab with parametric correlation to the thermal properties of wall building envelope.

scholarly journals Thermal bridge effect of vertical diagonal tie connectors in precast concrete sandwich panels: an experimental and computational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Paul Klõšeiko ◽  
Reimo Piir ◽  
Marti Jeltsov ◽  
Targo Kalamees
Keyword(s):  
Computational Study ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Air Cavity ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Air Cavities

The purpose of this work was to quantify the thermal bridge effect of vertical diagonal tie connectors in precast concrete sandwich panels (PCSPs). Special interest was in cases where the use of rigid insulation (e.g. PIR) would leave air gaps between insulation boards and diagonal ties, thus intensifying the thermal bridge. A climate chamber experiment using 5 different joint types was performed to gather reference data for CFD model validation. In the experiment, natural convection was observed in joints where no additional insulation was used, i.e. in air cavities. Significantly larger heat fluxes were measured in these cavities compared to insulated joints. The thermal bridging effect was evaluated for a typical PCSP (thermal transmittance without thermal bridges U = 0.11 W/(m²·K)) using CFD software taking into account 3D heat conduction and convection. Simulation results indicate that diagonal ties without adjacent air cavities increased the average thermal transmittance (U-value) of the envelope by 8%, diagonal ties with a 6 mm air cavity – 19...33% and diagonal ties with a 10 mm air cavity – 45...56%. In conclusion, it was found that the joints in insulation caused by diagonal ties affect the overall thermal performance of the building envelope significantly when efforts are not made to fill the air cavities around the connectors.

scholarly journals Empleo femenino y medios de comunicación: dirigir en femenino

2009 ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
María del Pilar Rodríguez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Basque Country ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Women ◽  
San Sebastian ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Gender And Media ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

<p>El presente artículo refleja los resultados del estudio desarrollado por el equipo de investigación Género y medios de comunicación de los departamentos de Comunicación y Empresa de la Universidad de Deusto, y publicado por la Editorial LID bajo el título Dirigir en femenino. El libro aborda el tema del mundo del trabajo por parte de las mujeres desde una triple perspectiva. Por un lado se retrata la realidad laboral de las mujeres en España a través de datos secundarios. En segundo lugar se realiza un vaciado de noticias de prensa y se analiza tanto la prensa diaria general y económica como las publicaciones dirigidas a público femenino para ver el tratamiento que los<br />medios de comunicación hacen de las mujeres en ámbitos empresariales. En tercer lugar se realiza una encuesta a una muestra representativa de la CAPV que pretende conocer la percepción del público en general de la realidad de las mujeres directivas tal y como la conocen a través de los medios. Todo ello se completa con la aportación de algunas protagonistas de los medios de comunicación y del mundo empresarial.</p><p>This article presents the results of a research project carried out by the Gender and Media research group at Deusto University in San Sebastián, and published under the title Dirigir en femenino by LID. The book analyzes work and labour practices as related to women from a triple perspective. Firstly it shows a picture of the situation in Spain through data and reports focused on various aspects such as female unemployment, female leadership or the glass ceiling, among others. Then, it studies Spanish economic and daily press and shows the results of a detailed analysis on the portrayal of business women. Finally, the results of an opinion survey carried out in the<br />Basque Country provide an accurate image of the social perceptions around business women and their media projections. To conclude some influential business women give their own views on the matter.<br /><br /></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Moisture Induced Degradation of Porous Low-k Materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Baklanov ◽  
David O'Dwyer ◽  
Adam M Urbanowicz ◽  
Quoc Toan Le ◽  
Steven Demuynck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Film ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Film Bulk ◽  
Low K

AbstractInteraction of moisture with porous low-k films is evaluated by using in situ ellipsometry setup. The adsorbed water amount is calculated from change of refractive index measured during the adsorption. Pristine low-k films reversibly adsorb 2 - 5% of water that reflects presence of constitutive hydrophilic centrums. Plasma and thermal treatments increase the number of hydrophilic centrums. Once the amount of these centrums has reached a certain critical value sufficient to form a continuous water film, bulk water condensation is observed. Change of properties during the water adsorption in the damaged films is not fully reversible. Each additional adsorption cycle increases the dielectric function of the film because of decreasing porosity, increasing skeleton density and shrinkage. The pressure corresponding to the bulk condensation allows us to calculate internal contact angle (internal surface energy) of low-k materials. The water molecules adsorbed on separate OH groups play the role of a catalyst that hydrolyses the siloxane bridges initially present on hydrophobic surface.

A Study on Estimation Model of Incidence Factor of the Thermal Bridge Using In-Situ Measurement Infrared Thermography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunho Kang ◽  
Hyomoon Lee ◽  
Dongsu Kim ◽  
Jongho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Convergence Results ◽  
Bridge Performance

Abstract Practical thermal bridge performance indicators (ITBs) of existing buildings may differ from calculated thermal bridge performance derived theoretically due to actual construction conditions, such as effect of irregular shapes and aging. To fill this gap in a practical manner, more realistic quantitative evaluation of thermal bridge at on-site needs to be considered to identify thermal behaviors throughout exterior walls and thus improve overall insulation performance of buildings. In this paper, the model of a thermal bridge performance indicator is developed based on an in-situ Infrared thermography method, and a case study is then carried out to evaluate thermal performance of an existing exterior wall using the developed model. For the estimation method in this study, the form of the likelihood function is used with the Bayesian method to constantly reflect the measured data. Subsequently, the coefficient of variation is applied to analyze required times for the assumed convergence. Results from the measurement for three days show that thermal bridge under the measurement has more heat losses, including 1.14 times, when compared to the non-thermal bridge. In addition, the results present that it takes about 40 hours to reach 1% of the variation coefficient. Comparison of the ITB estimated at coefficient of variation 1% (40 hours point) with the ITB estimated at end-of-experiment (72 hours point) results in 0.9% of a relative error.

scholarly journals The Integration of Vacuum Insulated Glass in Unitized Façade for the Development of Innovative Lightweight and Highly Insulating Energy Efficient Building Envelope—The Results of Eensulate Façade System Design

Designs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Alessandro Pracucci ◽  
Sara Magnani ◽  
Oscar Casadei
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
U Value ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Aluminum Profiles ◽  
Design And Testing

The European Commission has identified the building industry as one of the key sectors to achieve its 2020 strategy to create conditions for smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. In this frame, the aim of Horizon 2020′s Eensulate project is the development of innovative lightweight and highly insulating energy efficient unitized building façades, suitable for both new and existing buildings. The Eensulate façade module integrates two components developed within the project: Vacuum Insulated Glass (VIG) for architectural purposes, with a U-value of 0.3 W/sqm∙K; a highly insulating foam for automated manufacturing and insulation for the spandrel part. This article presents the Eensulate façade system design simulations and achievements related to VIG integration to solve issues that emerged by the utilization of its innovative components (sealant thermal bridge and getter strips). VIG design and testing have gradually changed the façade module and consequently, façade components have been progressively designed to achieve the expected target of 0.641 W/sqm∙K for thermal transmittance. The results demonstrate that the target can be achieved by aluminum profiles, Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) thermal bridge, and additional insulating components, obtaining a new product for unitized façades able to reduce energy consumption in buildings with large glass surfaces.

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