scholarly journals Distribution of the components of the building mixture in the presence of secondary raw materials during rotary mixing

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01060
Author(s):  
Anna Kapranova ◽  
Daria Bahaeva ◽  
Dmitry Stenko ◽  
Alexander Vatagin ◽  
Anton Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Stochastic Description ◽  
Rarefied Flows ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Characteristic Angle ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Given ◽  
Number Of Particles

The purpose of this study is a stochastic description of the distribution of solid dispersed components, including those from secondary raw materials, according to the characteristic angle of scattering ϴij when receiving a construction mixture at the first stage of operation of the rotary apparatus. Two stages of the formation of rarefied flows are assumed: when scattering particles of components by elastic blades of a rotating drum and when interacting with the baffle surface. Modeling method this is energy method of Klimontovich Yu.L. The analysis of the efficiency of the first stage (rotary mixing) is carried out based on the obtained distribution functions of the number of particles of bulk components over the scattering angle, taking into account their physical and mechanical properties and a variety of design and operating parameters of the apparatus. The bulk of the particles of the mixed components are scattered at the initial angles of rotation of the mixing drum, when the deformation of the elastic blades is most significant. This is accompanied by the characteristic first bursts of the obtained distribution curves (ϴij< 0.1 rad) for the number of particles of the tested bulk materials at the given ranges of parameters.

Adhesives for the Installation of Cast Basalt Elements on Metal and Comparison of Properties when Using Different Types of Fillers

2021 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Jakub Hodul ◽  
Tomáš Žlebek ◽  
Lenka Mészárosová ◽  
Aleš Jakubík ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Different Types

The polymeric adhesives for the installation of basalt elements on a metal base are designed primarily for environments with increased chemical and mechanical stress. They are composed of polymer resins (epoxy, polyurethane) as binders, as well as organic additives and mineral admixtures that mainly fulfill the function of filler. In all sectors of today's construction industry, maximum efficiency in the production of materials is required for sustainability purposes, which, however, must never be at the expense of the quality or the required performance. Due to these requirements, great emphasis is placed on the maximum use of secondary raw materials. Talc is used as the primary filler for polymer adhesives. Sawdust, tire rubber, and fly ash are used as secondary raw materials. The use of these in building supplies can positively affect some physical and mechanical properties of polymeric adhesives. Also, the use of secondary raw materials has the above-mentioned ecological benefit. Basic properties, such as bulk density and adhesion to both metallic and basalt elements, were monitored. The details of the cohesion of the adhesive with the bonded material, as well as the distribution of secondary raw materials in the polymer matrix, were assessed microscopically.

scholarly journals Fundamentals of property and compositions management concrete mix and concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 02061
Author(s):  
Bakhridin Khasanov ◽  
Ruzimurot Choriev ◽  
Nikolai Vatin ◽  
Zukhra Ismailova ◽  
Alisher Tillaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Given

The choice of the concrete composition following the set research tasks must satisfy the following requirements: 1-the maximum achievable strength on the given starting materials; 2-the required formability, corresponding to the accepted vibration-impact-peristaltic pressing; 3-a given level of dehydration of the concrete mixture, providing a residual W/C, close to the normal density of the cement paste. The accepted conditions are necessary and sufficient when using the physical-analytical method of designing concrete composition. Distinctive features of the method are the use of a large amount of information and the absence of arbitrary coefficients, technological constants, or parameters. The necessary data for the assignment of concrete compositions are determined according to the data of preliminary laboratory experiments, the given technological parameters of mechanisms and equipment, and the design characteristics of concrete and the structure to be formed. For the experimental study, a total of six independent information streams of initial data are used: 1-physical and mechanical properties of the constituents of concrete (Rc, ρc, ρc°, [V/C], рс, γ3, ρshch, γsh, γshch°); 2-laboratory data of tests of raw materials in concrete mix and concrete (a, b, c, Ku, A, B); 3-design characteristics of concrete mix and concrete (Rb, F, W, OK, Zh); 4-characteristics of the product to be concreted (V, h, l, μ); 5-technological characteristics of equipment, mechanisms, and devices (th, tb, TO, t0); 6-the cost per unit volume of raw materials (Sc, Cn, Ssh, Se, Sg). Obviously, the listed volume of initial information comprehensively characterizes the materials used and the conditions for forming the product. The previously developed technological conditions for forming concrete pipes, in addition to the above, require, when assigning the composition of concrete, to take into account the observance of the balance of masses in the concrete mixture and compacted, modified concrete. This should be manifested in checking the equation of absolute volumes for the original and compacted (dewatered) concrete.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Local Secondary Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 784 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
A.S. Sidorova ◽  
◽  
S.G. Antsupova ◽  
A.L. Popov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials

Operation Experiences with Biological Phosphorus Removal at the Sewage Treatment Plants of Berlin (West)

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peter ◽  
F. Sarfert
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Given ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

In investigations concerning sludge bulking in Berlin enhanced biological phosphorus removal was first observed unexpectedly. Because since 1986 an officially preset limit of 2 mg TP/l must be kept in all Berlin wastewater discharges it was decided to explore the capabilities of the observed mechanism under the specific circumstances of the exciting two large treatment plants in Ruhleben (240,000 m3/d) and Marienfelde (100,000 m3/d). For this purpose some of the existing units at both plants were equipped with anaerobic zones which were generated mainly by process modifications. Additionally stage one of the Ruhleben plant was altered completely in order to investigate the combination of biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal as a special pilot study in three parallel trains. The research activities and treatment results gained in each of the two stages of the Ruhleben and in the Marienfelde plant are reported in detail. For example BOD-related phosphorus removal rates were obtained ranging from 2.3-4.5 mg TP per 100 mg BOD removed. It must be stressed that all examinations were performed on full-scale conditions. At present the given limit of 2 mg TP/l in the Ruhleben plant is met without any chemical precipitation at least on average. From the beginning biological phosphorus removal will be integrated into further projected extensions.

scholarly journals Alkali-Activated Zeolite 4A Granules—Characterization and Suitability Assessment for the Application of Adsorption

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Pauls P. Argalis ◽  
Laura Vitola ◽  
Diana Bajare ◽  
Kristine Vegere
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Zeolite 4A ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Alkali Activated

A major problem in the field of adsorbents is that binders (kaolin clay, bentonite) introduced to bind zeolites and ensure the needed mechanical strength, are not able to sorb gases like CO2 and N2, and decrease the overall adsorption capacity. To solve this problem, one of the pathways is to introduce a binder able to sorb such gases. Thus, in this study, the physical and mechanical properties of a novel binder based on metakaolin and its composite with zeolite 4A in the granular form were studied. Metakaolin was used as a precursor for alkali-activated binder, which was synthesized using an 8M NaOH activation solution. Raw materials were characterized using granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA); and final products were characterized using density measurements, a compressive strength test, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alkali-activated metakaolin was found to be efficient as a binding material when data for morphological properties were analyzed. A relationship was observed—by increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), compressive strength decreased. Zeolite granule attrition was higher than expected: 2.42% and 4.55% for ZG-0.8, 3.64% and 5.76% for ZG-1.0, and 2.73% and 4.85% for ZG-1.2, measured at 4 and 5 atmospheres, respectively.

scholarly journals Organizational, technical and economic fundamentals of waste management and monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 08031
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Velichko ◽  
Edward Tshovrebov ◽  
Ural Niyazgulov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article deals with issues of monitoring, planning, organizational and technical support, economic regulation and improving the efficiency of the infrastructure for processing, recycling and disposal of waste, resource conservation and management of secondary resources, their use as secondary raw materials for production, services, work and power generation. The Russian Federation has significant potential for economic growth due to the efficient use of secondary resources from billions of tons of generated production and consumption waste annually. These ecologically unsafe anthropogenic objects can be characterized as a source of valuable renewable raw materials, material and fuel and energy resources. However, the scale and level of use of various types of secondary resources are characterized by considerable unevenness and depend on the demand for secondary raw materials, the resource value of the waste, the environmental situation arising from treating them as environmental polluters, on the real economic conditions that determine the profitability of each specific type. economic activities that use secondary resources for the manufacture of products, works, services, energy production. The methods of monitoring the industry for the treatment, disposal and disposal of waste are: information-analytical, information-statistical, sociological, geo-information. The legal status of the monitoring system of the industry for the treatment, disposal and disposal of waste is determined by the limitations of its functionality within the framework of the goals and objectives facing it.

scholarly journals Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

Preparation of Alternative Hydraulic Binder Based on Secondary Raw Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Jiří Švec ◽  
Tomáš Opravil ◽  
Jiří Másilko
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Hydraulic Binder ◽  
Massive Scale

Reusing and recycling of secondary raw materials from high-volume industrial productions (especially form construction materials and binders fabrications) is very important way of conserving environment and it is also interesting from the economical point of view. The production of common hydraulic binders, especially Portland cement, burdens the environment with considerable amount of combustion gases and consumes energy in massive scale. Alternative (low – energy) binder can be used as Portland cement substitution in applications with lower mechanical properties requirements. Mined limestone wash sediments contain large amount of clay components, but there is also indispensable share of fine calcite. This composition makes these sediments a promising material for the preparation of hydraulic binders as Roman cement or hydraulic lime.

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