scholarly journals The herbicide treatment of oil flax on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav M. Lucomets ◽  
Alexander S. Bushnev ◽  
Gennady I. Orekhov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
The South ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Western Ciscaucasia

The work is aimed at the development of application methods of graminicides and anti-dicotyledonous herbicides on oil flax in the area of unstable moistening of the south of Russia. The application of preparations against dicotyledonous weeds Tifi, Sekator Turbo or Magnum, followed by the treatment of sowings with Miura graminicide, contributed to obtaining an increase in yield of 0.14, 0.12, and 0.11 t/ha, respectively, in comparison to the untreated sowings. We observed an increase in crop yield by 0.09-0.12 t/ha with the application of anti-dicotyledonous herbicide Cleo and graminicide Miura, regardless of their application method. The tank mixtures Tifi + Miura and Magnum + Miura had a phytotoxic effect on oil flax, which, in comparison to the control, led to a decrease in yield by 0.04 and 0.09 t/ha and in oil content of seeds by 1.1 and 0.8%, respectively.

scholarly journals The effect of herbicides on the yield structure elements and the productivity of oil flax

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Bushnev ◽  
Gennady I. Orekhov ◽  
Sergei P. Podlesny ◽  
Yulia V. Mamyrko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Bulk Weight ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Manual Weeding ◽  
Western Ciscaucasia ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

The article provides the research results concerning the effect of antidicotyledonous herbicide Sekator Turbo, OD (a.i. amidosulfuron + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium + mefenpyr-diethyl) in a tank mixture with various graminicides Quickstep, FEM (a.i. clethodim + haloxyfop-P-methyl), Bagheera, EC (a.i. quizalofop-P-tefuryl), Fuzilad Forte, EC (a.i. fluazifop-P-butyl), Miura, EC (a.i. quizalofop-P-ethyl), and Zellek-super, EC (a.i. haloxyfop-P-methyl) on the yield structure elements and the productivity of lowlinolenic (Nilin) and linolenic (FLIZ) varieties of oil flax on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. We have found that the treatment of sowings with herbicides did not have a significant effect on the yield structure elements (thousand-seed weight and bulk weight of seeds). The treatment of sowings of the variety Nilin with the composition of Sekator Turbo + Bagheera or Sekator Turbo + Miura, and the variety FLIZ with Sekator Turbo + Bagheera, Sekator Turbo + Quickstep, Sekator Turbo + Fuzilad Forte, Sekator Turbo + Miura contributes to the receiving of oil flax yield at the level of the control with manual weeding. Tank mixtures of Sekator Turbo + Bagheera, Sekator Turbo + Miura decreased the oil content of seeds of the variety Nilin by 0.5 %. The application of herbicides Sekator Turbo, OD (0.1 l/ha) + Bagheera, EC (1.5 l/ha) provided the highest oil yield of the variety Nilin – 0.34 t/ha, and of the variety FLIZ – 0.54 t/ha. The composition of Sekator Turbo + Zellek-super led to a significant decrease in the productivity and oil content of seeds of the variety FLIZ – by 0.15 t/ha and 0.6 %, respectively.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SOWING DATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRID TYPHOON ON LEACHED CHERNOZEM OF THE WESTERN CISCAUCASIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.O. Kirsanova ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Mamyrko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Western Ciscaucasia

While studying the impact of the sowing dates on the productivity of sunflower hybrid Typhoon on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia, we established that under the conditions of 2020, the highest productivity, oil content and oil yield were observed in case of sowing in the last ten days of April – 3.63 t/ha, 54 %, and 1.77 t/ha, and in the first ten days of May – 3.47 t/ha, 50.8 %, and 1.59 t/ha, respectively.

Herbicidesapplication in sunflower cultivationoin on leached chernozem in the Western Ciscaucasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (82) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Nikolai Neshchadim ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr Kvashin ◽  
Mikhail Maltabar ◽  
Aleksandr Starushka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Western Ciscaucasia

scholarly journals Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Mingyang Sun ◽  
Weixing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

Influence of Application Method on the Activity of Butylate and EPTC in Reduced-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Application Methods

Weed control in reduced-tillage corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) with butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbarnothioate) was not reduced when these herbicides were applied jointly with dry or liquid fertilizer. In most cases, application with fertilizer resulted in weed control similar to that observed when the herbicide was applied in water at 285 L/ha. Butylate applied as a granular formulation also gave weed control similar to the spray at 285 L/ha. Application in 95 L/ha of water consistently resulted in reduced weed control. Corn injury was not greatly influenced by application method, and differences in corn yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control. Growth chamber bioassays indicated that both butylate and EPTC dissipated more rapidly when applied in 95 L/ha of water than the other application methods, which may explain differences in weed control observed in the field.

Effects of Application Method and Rate on Control of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with Iprodione and Fluazinam1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
K. E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Two trials with iprodione and three trials with fluazinam were conducted to assess the effects of application method and rate on the control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut with fungicide. In order to concentrate the fungicides near the crown area where the disease causes the most damage, applications were made through a canopy opener with a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 30.5-cm-wide band (canopy opener), and through a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 46-cm-wide band (band). Broadcast applications were compared to these methods at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha on the susceptible cultivar Okrun. Sclerotinia blight was severe, with > 70% disease incidence and < 2000 kg/ha yield for the untreated controls in each trial. Linear reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), but not final disease incidence, with iprodione rate were significant (P < 0.05) for all methods of application. However, the rate of decrease did not differ among application methods. Linear increases in yield with rate of iprodione were greater for canopy opener compared to the band or broadcast applications. Only a 50% reduction in AUDPC and a maximum yield of < 2700 kg/ha was achieved with iprodione using the best method. At the maximum rate of 1.12 kg/ha, fluazinam provided > 75% disease control and > 4000 kg/ha yield for all application methods. Differences in disease control and yield among application methods only occurred at the 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates of fluazinam. Reductions in AUDPC with fluazinam rate were quadratic for all application methods, but AUDPC values were less for the canopy opener and band methods at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha compared to the broadcast methods. The yield response to rate for broadcast applications of fluazinam was linear. However, predicted yield responses to fluazinam rate were quadratic for the band and canopy opener methods and approached the maximum response at 0.84 kg/ha. Targeting fungicide applications using the band and/or canopy opener methods was beneficial for fluazinam at reduced rates. Disease control with iprodione was not adequate regardless of application method.

scholarly journals Reduced Herbicide Antagonism of Grass Weed Control through Spray Application Technique

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke H. Merritt ◽  
Jason Connor Ferguson ◽  
Ashli E. Brown-Johnson ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
Te-Ming Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Grass Weed

Dicamba and 2,4-D tolerance traits were introduced to soybean and cotton, allowing for over the top applications of these herbicides. Avoiding antagonism of glyphosate and clethodim by dicamba or 2,4-D is necessary to achieve optimum weed control. Three field studies were conducted in fallow fields with broadleaf signalgrass (Urochloa platyphylla) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) pressure. A tractor-mounted dual boom sprayer was modified to spray one of three application methods: (1) two herbicides tanked-mixed (TMX); (2) two herbicides in separate tanks mixed in the boom line (MIL); and (3) two herbicides in separate tanks applied through separate booms simultaneously (SPB). One study compared the three application methods with sethoxydim applied with bentazon, the second compared clethodim applied with dicamba or 2,4-D, and the third compared glyphosate applied with dicamba or 2,4-D. In most cases over all three trials, there was a 7–15% increase in efficacy when using the SPB application method. Antagonism of all the herbicide combinations above was observed when applied using the TMX and MIL methods. In some cases, antagonism was avoided when using the SPB method. The separate boom application method increased efficacy, which allowed herbicides to be used more effectively, resulting in improved economic and environmental sustainability of herbicide applications.

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