Fucoxanthin, A Xanthophyll from Macro- and Microalgae: Extraction Techniques, Bioactivities and Their Potential Application in Nutra- and Cosmeceutical Industries

Some works of literature reported that fucoxanthin has diverse potential benefits for human health. Thus, this review would explain the sources of fucoxanthin, extraction techniques, bioactivities, and its potential application in Nutra- and cosmeceutical industries. Brown algae, such as Padina australis, Undaria pinnatifida; and the microalgae, such as Chaetoceros gracilis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum were sources of fucoxanthin. Then, the chemical structure of this xanthophyll is unique and that confers its biological activities. And then, the extraction process of fucoxanthin from macro- and microalgae is more safe, accessible, and economic, although this xanthophyll can be synthesized chemically. Generally, there are two techniques for the extraction of fucoxanthin, namely liquid solvent (conventional), and supercritical carbon dioxide (non-conventional) extractions. Furthermore, there are some bioactivities of fucoxanthin, including its activities of anticancer, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antioxidant; protective effects of skin, bone, and eyes. Based on in vivo assay of the animal, it has no adverse effects of fucoxanthin supplementation. Therefore, this xanthophyll might be applied in both the Nutra- and cosmeceutical industries. In the future, fucoxanthin and its derivatives would be important for human health, contributing to the beauty industry, and playing an important in the prevention of cancer and the disease related to lifestyle.

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Anthocyanins As Modulators of Cell Redox-Dependent Pathways in Non-Communicable Diseases

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666181112093336 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 1955-1996 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Antonio Speciale ◽

Antonella Saija ◽

Romina Bashllari ◽

Maria Sofia Molonia ◽

Claudia Muscarà ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Chronic Pulmonary Diseases ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

: Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), mostly represented by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases, cancers, and several chronic pathologies, are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and are mainly related to the occurrence of metabolic risk factors. Anthocyanins (ACNs) possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective and chemopreventive properties, which are able to promote human health. Although ACNs present an apparent low bioavailability, their metabolites may play an important role in the in vivo protective effects observed. : This article directly addresses the scientific evidences supporting that ACNs could be useful to protect human population against several NCDs not only acting as antioxidant but through their capability to modulate cell redox-dependent signaling. In particular, ACNs interact with the NF-κB and AP-1 signal transduction pathways, which respond to oxidative signals and mediate a proinflammatory effect, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway and its regulated cytoprotective proteins (GST, NQO, HO-1, etc.), involved in both cellular antioxidant defenses and elimination/inactivation of toxic compounds, so countering the alterations caused by conditions of chemical/oxidative stress. In addition, supposed crosstalks could contribute to explain the protective effects of ACNs in different pathological conditions characterized by an altered balance among these pathways. Thus, this review underlines the importance of specific nutritional molecules for human health and focuses on the molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of ACNs against various diseases.

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The Multifunctional Sactipeptide Ruminococcin C1 Displays Potent Antibacterial Activity In Vivo as Well as Other Beneficial Properties for Human Health

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22063253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 3253

Author(s):

Clarisse Roblin ◽

Steve Chiumento ◽

Cédric Jacqueline ◽

Eric Pinloche ◽

Cendrine Nicoletti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Human Health ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Modified Peptides ◽

The 1960S ◽

Conventional Antibiotics ◽

Clinical Potential

The world is on the verge of a major antibiotic crisis as the emergence of resistant bacteria is increasing, and very few novel molecules have been discovered since the 1960s. In this context, scientists have been exploring alternatives to conventional antibiotics, such as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Interestingly, the highly potent in vitro antibacterial activity and safety of ruminococcin C1, a recently discovered RiPP belonging to the sactipeptide subclass, has been demonstrated. The present results show that ruminococcin C1 is efficient at curing infection and at protecting challenged mice from Clostridium perfringens with a lower dose than the conventional antibiotic vancomycin. Moreover, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is also effective against this pathogen in the complex microbial community of the gut environment, with a selective impact on a few bacterial genera, while maintaining a global homeostasis of the microbiome. In addition, ruminococcin C1 exhibits other biological activities that could be beneficial for human health, as well as other fields of applications. Overall, this study, by using an in vivo infection approach, confirms the antimicrobial clinical potential and highlights the multiple functional properties of ruminococcin C1, thus extending its therapeutic interest.

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Holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfates and their potential benefits for human health: Structures and biological activities

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118691 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 118691

Author(s):

Hui Xu ◽

Qian Zhou ◽

Bin Liu ◽

Feng Chen ◽

Mingfu Wang

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chondroitin Sulfates ◽

Potential Benefits

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Tiyoller ve Gıda Sektöründe Kullanımları

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i5.1027-1038.2993 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1027-1038

Author(s):

İnci Cerit ◽

Aslı Demirer ◽

Eda Bülbül ◽

Merve Yaman ◽

Şeyma Nur Güngör ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Damage ◽

Human Health ◽

Food Industry ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Prevention Of Cancer ◽

Natural Additives

Studies have shown that many of the synthetic additives which are added to food for different purposes have negative impacts on human health. For this reason, researchers have focused on natural additives that can replace with synthetic ones and positively affect health through their various functions. Biothiols have effects on color, taste and aroma in foods. In addition, they possess various functions in the prevention of cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, lung and heart diseases by decreasing oxidative damage with their antioxidant and protective effects. In this review, the studies about thiol contents of food, their functions and the possibilities of using thiols in the food industry instead of synthetic additives have been brought together.

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DNA PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF TWO SPECIES OF THE „SCROPHULARIA“ GENUS 2021ICCBIKG (2021)

10.46793/iccbi21.218m ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sanja Matić ◽

◽

Pavle Mašković ◽

Katarina Šipovac

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Plant Species ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Protective Effects ◽

A Value ◽

Antigenotoxic Effects

Plants from the genus Scrophularia, family Scrophulariaceae have numerous biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiprotozoal, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic. However, as far as we know, genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of these two plant species remain unexplored. The present study aimed to evaluate possible in vivo protective effects of the methanol extracts of two plant species of the Scrophularia genus, Scrophularia canina L. and S. alata Gilib., against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced DNA damage in albino Wistar rat. A significant increase in total comet score has been shown in animals receiving CCl4 compared with the negative control. Treatment with either S. alata or S. canina extracts reduced CCl4 induced DNA damage as indicated by the percentage of reduction in total comet score with a value above 50%.

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Optimization of Murrayafoline A ethanol extraction process from the roots of Glycosmis stenocarpa, and evaluation of its Tumorigenesis inhibition activity on Hep-G2 cells

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 830-842

Author(s):

Quoc Toan Tran ◽

The Dan Pham ◽

Thanh Duong Nguyen ◽

Van Huyen Luu ◽

Huu Nghi Do ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Hep G2 ◽

Independent Parameters

Abstract Glycosmis stenocarpa is a species of shrub found in the Northern provinces of Vietnam. Its roots contain different carbazolic derivatives, mainly Murrayafoline A (Mu-A), which exhibits valuable biological activities. In this study, we performed an extraction of Mu-A from the roots of G. stenocarpa and optimized this process using response surface methodology (RSM) according to a central composite design, with three independent parameters including extraction time (min), extraction temperature (°C), and solvent/material ratio (mL/g). Two dependent variables were the Mu-A content (mg/g raw materials) and extraction efficiency (%). The optimal conditions to extract Mu-A were found to be as follows: extraction temperature, 67°C; extraction time, 165 min; and solvent/material ratio, 5:1. Under these conditions, the Mu-A content and extraction efficiency were 38.94 ± 1.31 mg/g raw materials and 34.98 ± 1.18%, respectively. Mu-A exhibited antiproliferation and antitumor-promoting activity against the HepG-2 cell line. The present optimization work of Mu-A extraction from G. stenocarpa roots contributed to the attempt of designing a large-scale extraction process for the compound and further exploitation of its potential in vivo applications.

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The variations of Endophilin A2-FoxO3a-autophagy signal in AngⅡ-induced dopaminergic neuron injury mouse model and By Biochanin A

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2021-0013 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Gui Yu ◽

Jun-Hui Han ◽

Hai-Xia Xue ◽

Weizu Li ◽

Wen-Ning Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Beclin 1 ◽

Biochanin A ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Behavioral Dysfunction ◽

Related Proteins ◽

Neuron Injury

Biochanin A is a natural plant estrogen, with various biological activities such as anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation and suppression of inflammatory. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of biochanin A on AngⅡ-induced dopaminergic neurons damage in vivo and molecular mechanisms. Spontaneous activity and motor ability of mice among groups was detected by open-field test and swim-test. The expression of TH, LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠ, Beclin-1, P62, p-FoxO3a / FoxO3a, FoxO3 and Endophilin A2 were determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence staining. Our results showed that AngⅡ treatment significantly increased the behavioral dysfunction of mice and DA neurons damage. Meanwhile, AngⅡ treatment increased the expression of LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠ, Beclin-1, P62 and FoxO3a and decreased the expression of Endophilin A2 and p-FoxO3a / FoxO3a, however, biochanin A treatment alleviate these changes. In summary, these results suggest that biochanin A exerts protective effects on AngⅡ-induced mouse model may be related to regulating Endophilin A2, FoxO3a and autophagy-related proteins. However, the specific mechanism is not yet clear and needs further study.

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β- sitosterol in Various Pathological Conditions: An Update

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407218666211230144036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Poonam Yadav ◽

Chandan Chauhan ◽

Sanjiv Singh ◽

Sugato Banerjee ◽

Krishna Murti

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membranes ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Pharmacological Action ◽

Nutritional Supplement ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract: Phytosteroids are biologically active compounds found naturally in herb plasma membranes, with a chemical composition similar to animal plasma membrane cholesterol. It can be found in almost all fats abundant plant’s diets. One of the vital phytosterols is β-sitosterol which has several biological activities. It has been proved in various in-vivo and in-vitro research in which β-sitosterol stabilized several physiological activities like as antioxidant, CNS activity (like anti-alzheimer, anxiolytic and sedative effects, CNS depressant activity), lipid-lowering effects (like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, anticancer and immunomodulatory, protective effects in pulmonary fibrosis, wound healing effects and anti-viral and COVID-19 activity. The experimental research on β-sitosterol shows that it can be used as a nutritional supplement to combat various existing diseases. In this review, we are highlighting the most significant pharmacological action of β-sitosterol on the basis of available literature.

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Kefir: A synbiotic with approved anticarcinogenic properties

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216999201228191806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Wissam Zam ◽

Sally Shahoud ◽

Mansour Hayek ◽

Alaa Saad

Keyword(s):

Cancer Prevention ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Research Literature ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Middle Income ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Prevention Of Cancer

Background:: As by WHO report, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. From this point more attention has been given to the role of nutrition in the prevention of cancer development. Methods:: We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature dealing with the role of kefir in cancer prevention and treatment. Results:: Probiotics are one of the most important food fortifications which are proved to have anti-carcinogenic properties. Probiotics can directly bind to carcinogens and alter the production of enzymes by modifying intestinal environment. Kefir, originating from the Balkan–Caucasian region, is a synbiotic composed of a wide number microflora and exopolysaccharides with approved in vitro and in vivo biological activities. Kefir plays a great potential role in cancer prevention and treatment interfering with apoptosis, proliferation and transformation. Conclusion:: This review highlights the important role of probiotics, exopolysaccharides and common kefir in preventing different types of cancer including colon cancer, sarcoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, gastric cancer and melanoma.

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