β- sitosterol in Various Pathological Conditions: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Yadav ◽  
Chandan Chauhan ◽  
Sanjiv Singh ◽  
Sugato Banerjee ◽  
Krishna Murti
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract: Phytosteroids are biologically active compounds found naturally in herb plasma membranes, with a chemical composition similar to animal plasma membrane cholesterol. It can be found in almost all fats abundant plant’s diets. One of the vital phytosterols is β-sitosterol which has several biological activities. It has been proved in various in-vivo and in-vitro research in which β-sitosterol stabilized several physiological activities like as antioxidant, CNS activity (like anti-alzheimer, anxiolytic and sedative effects, CNS depressant activity), lipid-lowering effects (like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, anticancer and immunomodulatory, protective effects in pulmonary fibrosis, wound healing effects and anti-viral and COVID-19 activity. The experimental research on β-sitosterol shows that it can be used as a nutritional supplement to combat various existing diseases. In this review, we are highlighting the most significant pharmacological action of β-sitosterol on the basis of available literature.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF NEW PHYTOADAPTOGENS AND POSSIBILITIES OF HERBAL FORMULAS APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
O. A. Bocharova ◽  
R. V. Karpova ◽  
E. V. Bocharov ◽  
A. A. A.Vershinskaya ◽  
M. A. Baryshnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rational Combination ◽  
Oplopanax Elatus ◽  
The Many

Classic phytoadaptogens (Panax ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, Aralia mandshurica, Oplopanax elatus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Leuzea carthamoides, Schisandra chinensis) have a complex protective effects, increasing the antitumor control of organisms. However, resistance to some adaptogens can develop. Therefore, the elaboration of multicomponent phytoadaptogen complexes based on the principle of a rational combination of complementary biologically active substances are relevant and scientifically significant. The use of several adaptogens in the herbal formula considers the absence of the organisms resistance. The review presents Russian and foreign studies devoted to the search for potential phytoadaptogens, as well as the development of complexes based on them. The possibility of regulating the protective systems of organism by components of phytoextracts with different points of pharmacological action has been shown. The advantages of multicomponent phytomixtures in comparison with individual adaptogens are substantiated. The many-sided experimental in vitro and in vivo investigations of Russian herbal formula are colligated. Its clinical application has been demonstrated in relation to a benign tumour, precancerous disease, advanced cancer process, and neurodegenerative pathology. The prospects of using the herbal formula preparations as a part of integrative medicine including oncological and age-related pathologies are shown.

A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Action, Ethanobotanical Uses and Nutritional Potential of Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn.,

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaiseziyen Pavithra ◽  
Ganapathy Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Nature is an amazing source for food, shelter, clothing and medicine. An impressive number of modern drugs are isolated from many sources like plants, animals and microbes. The development of natural products from traditional medicines is of great importance to society. Modern concepts and methodologies with abundant clinical studies, unique diversity of chemical structures and biological activities aid the modern drug discovery process. Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn., a traditional medicinal plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, is found in India, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia and Western Malaysia. Almost all parts of the plant are used in traditional systems of medicines and reported having medicinal properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In the last few years, extensive research work had been carried out using extracts and isolated phytoconstituents from Kedrostis foetidissima to confirm its pharmacology and biological activities. Many scientific reports show that crude extracts and extensive numbers of phytochemical constituents isolated from Kedrostis foetidissima have activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and various other important medicinal properties. The therapeutic properties of the plants are mainly attributed to the existence of phytoconstituents like phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and steroids. This comprehensive review in various aspects gave a brief overview of phytoconstituents, nutritional values and medicinal property of the plant and might attract the researchers to explore its medicinal activity by discovering novel biologically active compounds that can serve as a lead compound in pharmaceutical and food industry.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Sushil Changan ◽  
Maharishi Tomar ◽  
Uma Prajapati ◽  
Vivek Saurabh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) belongs to the family Annonaceae and is an important tropical fruit cultivated in the West Indies, South and Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, India, Mexico, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Egypt. Leaves of custard apple plants have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a considerable diversity of phytochemicals. These compounds include phenol-based compounds, e.g., proanthocyanidins, comprising 18 different phenolic compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Extracts from Annona squamosa leaves (ASLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiobesity, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotective functions. In the current article, we discussed the nutritional and phytochemical diversity of ASLs. Additionally, ASL extracts were discussed with respect to their biological activities, which were established by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A survey of the literature based on the phytochemical profile and health-promoting effects of ASLs showed that they can be used as potential ingredients for the development of pharmaceutical drugs and functional foods. Although there are sufficient findings available from in vitro and in vivo investigations, clinical trials are still needed to determine the exact effects of ASL extracts on human health.

scholarly journals Chromatographic Analyses, In Vitro Biological Activities, and Cytotoxicity of Cannabis sativa L. Essential Oil: A Multidisciplinary Study

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Luigi Menghini ◽  
Antonella Di Sotto ◽  
Romina Mancinelli ◽  
Francesca Sisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds

Due to renewed interest in the cultivation and production of Italian Cannabis sativa L., we proposed a multi-methodological approach to explore chemically and biologically both the essential oil and the aromatic water of this plant. We reported the chemical composition in terms of cannabinoid content, volatile component, phenolic and flavonoid pattern, and color characteristics. Then, we demonstrated the ethnopharmacological relevance of this plant cultivated in Italy as a source of antioxidant compounds toward a large panel of enzymes (pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterases) and selected clinically relevant, multidrug-sensible, and multidrug-resistant microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Candida, and Malassezia spp.), evaluating the cytotoxic effects against normal and malignant cell lines. Preliminary in vivo cytotoxicity was also performed on Galleria mellonella larvae. The results corroborate the use of this natural product as a rich source of important biologically active molecules with particular emphasis on the role exerted by naringenin, one of the most important secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Bee Venom: From Venom to Drug

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4941
Author(s):  
Abdelwahab Khalil ◽  
Basem H. Elesawy ◽  
Tarek M. Ali ◽  
Osama M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Bee Sting ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Defensive Substance ◽  
Injectable Form

Insects of the order Hymenoptera have a defensive substance that contains many biologically active compounds. Specifically, venom from honeybees (Apis mellifera) contains many enzymes and peptides that are effective against various diseases. Different research papers stated the possibility of using bee venom (a direct bee sting or in an injectable form) in treating several complications; either in vivo or in vitro. Other reports used the active fractions of bee venom clinically or at labratory scale. Many reports and publications have stated that bee venom and its constituents have multiple biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-protozoan, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic properties. The present review aims to refer to the use of bee venom itself or its fractions in treating several diseases and counteracting drug toxicities as an alternative protocol of therapy. The updated molecular mechanisms of actions of bee venom and its components are discussed in light of the previous updated publications. The review also summarizes the potential of venom loaded on nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle and its molecular mechanisms. Finally, the products of bee venom available in markets are also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Averrhoa carambola L.: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Luan ◽  
Lixia Peng ◽  
Ziqin Lei ◽  
Xiyu Jia ◽  
Junbo Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Valuable Treatment

Averrhoa carambola L. (star fruit) is an edible fruit that is extensively cultivated in southern China, Southeast Asia, India, and northern South America. It has a sweet and juicy taste and is frequently used in fruit salads and fruit platters, as a garnish in cocktail drinks and beverages, or squeezed into juice and served as a beverage. Traditionally, it has been used for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, arthralgia, vomiting, lithangiuria, coughing, hangovers, and chronic paroxysmal headache for thousands of years. Currently, approximately 132 compounds have been isolated from A. carambola. Among them, flavonoids, benzoquinone, and their glycosides have been considered as biologically active substances, which are responsible for various biological activities. Pharmacological studies have revealed that crude extracts or monomeric compounds from A. carambola exhibit multiple bioactivities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, neuroprotective, and others. Thus, A. carambola is a valuable treatment in Chinese medicine with therapeutic potential for multiple diseases, especially diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. Even though it is a very promising candidate in the development of functional food and the pharmaceutical industry, reports on its bioactivities have only been conducted in vivo and in vitro and there is a gap in research regarding clinical settings and safety. This review therefore provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of current progress on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of A. carambola, providing a valuable reference for further developments and applications of A. carambola in the pharmaceutical industry and functional food.

Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Sanguisorba L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (02) ◽  
pp. 199-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zefeng Zhao ◽  
Xirui He ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyang Wei ◽  
Linhong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Wide Range

Plants from the genus Sanguisorba have been treated as medicinal ingredients for over 2000 years. This paper reviews advances in the botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the genus. To date, more than 120 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from these plants, especially from S. officinalis and S. minor. Among these compounds, triterpenoids, phenols and flavonoids are the primary biologically active constituents. Triterpenoids can be used as quality control markers to determine the quality of medicinal materials and their preparations. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that plants from the genus Sanguisorba exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including hemostatic, antibacterial, antitumor, neuroprotective and hypoglycemic activities. In Chinese medical practice, many drugs (e.g., tablets and powders) that contain S. officinalis roots have been used to treat leukopenia, hemorrhaging and burns. However, there is still a multitude of Sanguisorba species that have garnered little or no attention. Indeed, there are few reports concerning the clinical use and toxic effects of these plants. Further attention should be focused on the study of these species in order to gather information on their respective toxicology data, any relevant quality-control measures, and the clinical value of the crude extracts, active compounds, and bioactive metabolites from Genus Sanguisorba.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF IN VIVO PLANT AND IN VITRO CALLUS EXTRACT OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
THANIARASU R ◽  
LOGESHWARI M
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic

Objective: The present investigation focuses on the use of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. in their phytochemical and biological activities. Methods: In this study, in vivo stem and in vitro callus ethanolic extracts of C. halicacabum were tested for their phytochemical attributes by qualitative method, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), antioxidant, antibacterial, and bioactive compound properties. The bactericidal activity of the in vivo stem and in vitro callus extract has been evaluated in both Gram+ve and Gram-ve microorganisms using the disk diffusion method. Results: The highest frequency (78%) of well developed, dark green organogenic callus was induced from stem explant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.7 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.5 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA). The results of FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups in wild stem and in vitro callus extract of C. halicacabum with various peaks. The total phenolic content in ethanolic extract of in vivo plant and in vitro callus was 80.46 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight and 76.4 mg GAE/g dry weight, respectively. The highest percentage of tannins was measured at 78.03 in wild stem ethanol extracts followed by 75.22 in callus extract. The antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ethanol extract was found to be 206.54 μg/ml. IC50 values of the stem extracts of C. halicacabum are 306 μg/ml and 286 μg/ml in callus extract, respectively. Antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract was higher for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with a 17 mm zone of inhibition. Conclusion: The present investigation recommended that the callus ethanolic extract function as a good source of biologically active compounds and natural antioxidants.

Recent Progress in Oleanolic Acid: Structural Modification and Biological Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Wang ◽  
Yutong Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Dejuan Sun ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Action Mechanisms

: Natural products have been proven as the main source of biologically active compounds, which are potentially useful for drug development. As one of the most studied pentacyclic triterpenes, oleanolic acid (OA) exhibits a broad range of biological activities and serves as a good scaffold for the development of novel derivatives that could be vital in drug discovery for various ailments. Up to now, many of its derivatives with multiple bioactivities have been prepared through chemical modification. This review summarizes the recent reports of OA derivatives (2016-present) and their biological effects and action mechanisms in vitro and in vivo models, and discusses the design of novel and potent derivatives.

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