scholarly journals Toxicity Mechanisms and Potential Uses of Extracted Mushroom Toxins - Amatoxin, Antamanide, Muscurine

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Liang ◽  
Tianxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Wild Edible Fungi ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Toxicity Mechanisms

Mushroom, as a popular kind of wild edible fungi, has raised the attention of many scientists around the globe, due to the fact that increasing numbers of fatal mushroom poisoning cases worldwide have been reported each year. Therefore, to overcome the issue of fatality of mushrooms with an attempt to help people prevent mushroom poisoning, studying mushroom toxicology has become a significant topic to many biochemists; a growing number of researches are conducted focusing on mushroom toxins as well as their chemical properties and toxicity mechanism. In this review, properties and mechanisms of three major toxins (amatoxin, antamanide, muscarine) are chosen as the research focus. The three major toxins, which are extracted from wild mushrooms, will be summarized and studied based on past research findings. Our goals are trying to find possible treatments of each toxin as well as their potential usage in the pharmaceutical industry, which can be especially beneficial towards research of mushroom-extracted drug and food-poisoning toxicity treatment for further investigation and academic references.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Locational and Household Characteristics and E-Commerce Home Delivery Demand

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Takanori Sakai ◽  
André Alho ◽  
Lynette Cheah ◽  
Moshe Ben-Akiva
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Parcel Deliveries

The rapid growth in online shopping and associated parcel deliveries prompts investigation of the factors that contribute to parcel delivery demand. In this study, we evaluated the influence of locational and household characteristics on e-commerce home delivery demand. While past research has largely focused on the impacts of the adoption of online shopping using individual/household survey data, we made use of data from an e-commerce carrier. A linear regression model was estimated considering factors such as degree of urbanization, transit and shopping accessibility, and household attributes. The results both confirm and contradict prior research findings, highlighting the potential for a non-negligible influence of the local context on demand for parcel deliveries.

Studies on the Biological Characteristics of Termitomyces Albuminosus Hypha

2013 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 810-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Ya ◽  
Min Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Wild Edible Fungi ◽  
Development And Utilization

Termitomyces albuminosus is a kind of local distinctive wild edible fungi in southwest of China. It is delicious, rich in nutrition and has high development and utilization value, but owing to the restrictions of growth environment, it can not be cultivated artificially. This article mainly studied on the biological characteristics of Termitomyces albuminosus Hypha, and found out the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, growth factors and the C/N ratio that are suitable for the growth of Hypha of Termitomyces albuminosus .

Geotechnical Applications of Sewage Sludge Stabilized with Biomass Ash and its Effect on Soil Nutriential Properties: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1046-1051
Author(s):  
Ishowriya Yumnam
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
The Past ◽  
Waste Sewage Sludge ◽  
Properties Of Soil

In this review article the usage of waste sewage sludge and the biomass ash for improving the engineering and non-engineering properties’ of both concrete and soil are discussed in detail. Numerous past research works were studied in detail so as to predict the behavior of biomass ash and waste sewage sludge when used for the stabilization process of soil and concrete. Past studies related to the usage of stabilized sewage sludge and biomass ash were studied in a detailed manner and depending upon the past studies several conclusions has been drawn which are discussed further. Several studies related to the usage of the waste sewage sludge for improving soil physical, chemical and biological properties showed that the usage of waste sewage sludge improve the physical properties, chemical properties, macro-nutriential properties and micro-nutriential properties up to a great extent. Depending upon the results of the past studies it can be concluded that the usage of sewage sludge has positive impact over all the properties of soil and this waste should be utilized in improving the properties of soil rather than dumping. Numerous studies related to the usage of the biomass ash showed that biomass ash has positive impact over both soil as well as concrete. Studies related to the usage of the biomass ash in soil showed that there was a positive response of the stabilized soil after its stabilization with the biomass ash. Studies related to the usage of the biomass ash in concrete showed that the biomass ash can be used up to 10 percent replacement of the ordinary Portland cement so as to attain maximum strength results from it.

A multiperspective on the broad dissemination of research findings to past research participants and the community-at-large

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilicia L Mayo-Gamble ◽  
Jennifer Cunningham-Erves ◽  
Chioma Kas-Osoka ◽  
George W Johnson ◽  
Nicole Frazier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Dissemination Of Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Dissemination Process ◽  
Research Continuum

Abstract Dissemination of research findings to past research participants and the community-at-large is a critical element to improving health outcomes, yet it is often overlooked by researchers. Few studies have explored how to provide study findings to the community, and no studies have investigated how community members can be involved in this process. This study explored views on the broad dissemination of research findings to community members and the role of the community in the dissemination process. We conducted a comparative analysis from the perspective of researchers, community members, and program officers (POs) from national health research funding agencies. Semistructured interviews were conducted with community members (African American, N = 10; Latino, N = 10), academic researchers (N = 10), and POs (N = 5). Thematic analysis was utilized in which codes and themes were created. One cross-cutting theme was identified, Views on Disseminating Research Findings to Communities. There were three additional themes identified among community members, five among researchers, and four among POs. All groups perceived the value of dissemination to communities as meaningful and ethical. Groups differed in their perceptions of prioritization of dissemination audiences. This study highlighted consensus on the value of broad dissemination to the community-at-large and identified areas of insufficiency in the translational research continuum that could be expanded or improved to ensure targeted groups receive the intended benefits of positive research findings. The long-term benefit of disseminating findings to the community-at-large is increased acceptability of interventions and reduced mistrust in research and researchers.

Poisoning from wild mushrooms in Eastern Anatolia region: analyses of 5 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Durukan ◽  
M. Yildiz ◽  
Y. Cevik ◽  
I. Ikizceli ◽  
C. Kavalci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Abdominal Discomfort ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Wild Mushroom ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization

The objective of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical features of patients who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) due to wild mushroom poisoning and to point the importance of mushroom poisonings in our area. This study was performed by examining the files of wild mushroom poisoning patients who were admitted to the ED of Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, between January 2000 and June 2004, retrospectively. Patients ≥16 years of age were included in the study. The frequency of wild mushroom poisoning, age and sex of the patients, season, place of the residence, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of the patients were investigated. During the study period, 64 patients with wild mushroom poisoning were admitted to the ED. From 64 overall patients, 25 (39.1%) were males. The most common complaints during the admission were nausea, vomiting and abdominal discomfort. The duration of hospitalization was two (range 1—4 days) days. No death was observed. Severity of mushroom poisoning depends on the type of mushroom eaten, the time lag between the poisoning and admission to the hospital, and the rapid and correct treatment given to the patient either in the ambulance or at health centre. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26: 579—582.

scholarly journals Aflatoxins: A Brief Review of their Chemical Properties, Toxicological Effects and Control Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Eloiza Sarmento Amoras ◽  
Anderson Luiz Pena Costa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Vegetable Foods ◽  
And Control

Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus. These substances cause food poisoning with clinical manifestations that vary according to the time of exposure and concentration of the dose ingested, representing a serious public health problem for compromising the food security, also causing considerable economic losses both in the production of stocked vegetable foods, as well as in the livestock contaminated with these substances through the feed. Therefore, this literature review aims to introduce some aspects related to the contamination of food by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus, the chemical and toxicological properties of the aflatoxins, as well as the strategies of control to avoid them in food.

Low-cost management of mushroom poisoning in a limited-resource area: a 12-year retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Ratsameekhae Jongthun ◽  
Pasin Hemachudha ◽  
Supaporn Wacharapluesadee ◽  
Thiravat Hemachudha
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Poisonous Mushrooms

Amatoxin poisoning is the main cause of death from accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms and a mortality rate of 27.3% has been reported in Thailand. Symptoms of mushroom ingestion are often confused with food poisoning; thus, gastroenteritis is not recognised as the first phase of poisoning. Our study assessed the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a treatment for amatoxin poisoning. We retrospectively analysed 74 medical records over 12 years. The majority (70/74) were treated successfully with NAC; death in the remaining 4 (5.4%) patients was attributed to late presentation in three and advanced alcoholic cirrhosis in one.

E-Commerce Contribution to Economic Growth

2011 ◽  
pp. 140-154
Author(s):  
Ing-wei Huang ◽  
Songsak Vanichviroon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ict Development

As the trend of ICT development is gaining larger influence over countries’ development and growth, e-commerce plays an important role in enhancing the growth of several developed and developing economies over the 21st century. This paper aims to build the analytical base to support the importance of the development of e-commerce. This is by investigating the role and contribution of e-commerce to economic growth and development. The paper first investigates past contribution of e-commerce to economic growth in developed countries. Second, past research findings and framework are utilized to investigate the contribution of e-commerce towards economic growth focusing on the case of e-commerce in Thailand. The study found that e-commerce plays an important role in enhancing economic growth of Thailand. Two important findings had supported the growth of e-commerce. First is the increase in sales generated by the use of e-commerce. Second, e-commerce induces productivity development of firms through higher competition and innovation.

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