scholarly journals “Garbage reform” in Russia and the introduction of a new tax payment

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 10031
Author(s):  
Galina Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Secondary Circulation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Safety Strategy

Why does Russia need “garbage reform”? This reform was a consequence of the adopted strategy for environmental safety of Russia until 2025. This document recognized the existing problem with garbage and outlined ways to solve this problem. At the moment, about 30 billion tons of waste have accumulated at Russian landfills. More and more landfills are overcrowded, and garbage is almost not involved in secondary circulation and is not recycled. The construction of new landfills means, among other things, the use of land not for farming, but for creating dumps. This cannot go on indefinitely. The environmental safety strategy assumes that with the help of the “garbage reform”, it is possible to solve such tasks as increasing environmental safety, recycling more waste for secondary use, reducing the burden on the environment, creating a unified system of collection, transportation, processing and disposal of waste in the country, and gradually move to a ban on the disposal of waste that has not been sorted, as well as to mechanical and chemical treatment. The subject of study is the reform of waste disposal. The purpose of the study is to identify the negative impact of garbage waste on the environment. Methodology. To study the topic, objects of waste disposal and the share of their processing were examined. Results - it is planned to completely change the waste collection and disposal system in Russia.

Theoretic and Practical Aspects of Protection of the Right of Ownership in the Hereditary Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Iryna Dzera
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Hereditary Property ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Moment ◽  
State Registration ◽  
The Right

The relevance of the subject matter lies in the fact that inheritance is one of the most common grounds for acquiring property by individuals. Considering the fact that the heirs are often relatives of the testator, to avoid disputes between them, the law should contain an effective mechanism for resolving relations between heirs over the redistribution of inheritance or change of the order of inheritance, and a mechanism to protect the rights and interests of heirs in case of disputes. The purpose of this study is to identify gaps and inconsistencies in civil legislation and case law in the study of the main ways to protect the rights of heirs in hereditary relations, and ways to resolve them. It is noted that in the presence of disputes between the heirs, it is not the protection of property rights that is carried out, because the heirs have not yet acquired the right of ownership, but the protection of the right to inheritance, according to which they will be able to acquire ownership of the inherited property. There is a lack of a particular list of ways to protect the rights of heirs in the legislation of Ukraine, which has a negative impact on judicial practice, as they often use inappropriate methods of protection. The study analyses the case law of hereditary disputes and identifies the main mistakes that courts make in resolving such cases. Particular attention is focused on the study of such methods of protection as the recognition of the certificate of inheritance as invalid, the hereditary recognition of the property that belonged to the deceased, but was not part of the inheritance. The study investigates the moment of ownership of the hereditary property of the heirs and a critical analysis of the provisions of Article 1268 of the Civil Code, which determine the moment from which the inheritance belongs to the heir – namely from the moment of opening the inheritance. There is a conflict between the rules of Article 1268 and Article 3 of the Law of Ukraine "On state registration of real rights to immovable property and their encumbrances" in terms of establishing the moment of ownership of immovable property by inheritance

scholarly journals Perception and Behavior Analysis of Comorians Citizens on the Solid Household Waste Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (26) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Ali Issihaka Ali ◽  
Fadoua Karouach ◽  
Nabila Lahboubi ◽  
Mohammed Bakraoui ◽  
Hassan El Bari
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
System Improvement ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
And Behavior

The objective of this study is to analyze the perception of Comorian citizens facing the situation of solid waste management (SWM). For this, a qualitative and quantitative approach is conducted on a sample of 300 households. The study shows that 61.1% of households freely dispose a waste on sensitive sites, 19.7% bring waste to collection points and 18.6% benefit from door-to-door. Moreover, 63% of households prefer door-to-door as a means of waste disposal compared to 19.5% who prefer voluntary intake and 17.5% prefer free evacuation. Home sorting concerns only 19.3% of households compared with 80.7% whose dispose mixed waste. Households that are aware of the negative impact of waste on health are 87.5%, against 5%, are unconscious and 7.5% remain without opinion. The study also shows that 40% of households are aware of the negative impact of waste on the environment, against 33% of non-conscious and 27% of non-opinion. The majority of households (58%) are unsatisfied of waste collection services schedules. However, 93.3% of households approve actions carried out by NGO and association. A financial contribution for waste management system improvement of 0.54 USD and 1.08 USD per month was approved by 67% of households.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT - “KINNEY” AND “AUVA”

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Stanković ◽  
Vladana Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Entire Economy

Individuals, entire economy and society are exposed to risks more than ever. The problem of occupational safety and health has been present from the moment of origin of labour and it has been dealt with in line with the overall development of society. For this reason,different methods and matrices for risk assessment have been developed. The subject of this study is to review the methods of risk assessment, as well as to apply these methods at the workplace where dangers and hazards occur. The aim of the study was to use KINNEY and AUVA methods for assessing risk for the workplace of Operating Engineer - Occupational Safety, Environmental Safety and Fire Protection, and to perform a comparative analysis of with the aim to state possible advantages or disadvantages of chosen methods. Key words:the risk assessment, methods of risk assessment, KINNEY method,AUVA method.

Program-Target Budgeting as a Tool for Investment Stimulation of Business

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Masterov
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Program Budgeting ◽  
Large Investment ◽  
Stimulation Of

The paper discusses the use of the program-targeted budgeting methodology in the investment stimulation of business in the most problem sectors of the economy. The subject of the study is the dynamics of business activity in key economic sectors adversely affected by factors of the economic and geopolitical nature. The purposes of the study were to identify the key factors that have a negative impact on economic growth and seek options for investment stimulation of business activities in the most problem sectors of the economy using state budget funds. It is concluded that the current practice of budget investment is associated with significant risks and poor justification of investment decisions. Therefore, the American practice of the program budgeting in the implementation of large investment infrastructure projects using budget funds seems to be advantageous. Based on the research findings, methods for increasing the effectiveness of program-target budgeting tools under the Russian conditions are proposed.

Polityka klimatyczno-energetyczna Unii Europejskiej

2014 ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy

The article is devoted to the subject of the goals of the climate and energy policy of the European Union, which can have both a positive, and a negative impact on the environmental and energy policies. Positive aspects are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy supplies, which should improve Europe independence from energy imports, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system structures. On the other hand, overly ambitious targets and actions can lead to large losses for the economies of EU Member States. The article also highlights the realities prevailing in the international arena and noncompliance of international actors with global agreements on climate protection.

RECYCLED BRICK SOUNDPROOF TEST AS AN ALTERNATIVE SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Hendrico Firzandy Latupeirissa ◽  
Gierlang Bhakti Putra ◽  
Niki Prastomo
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
Made In

Brick debris that makes up the majority of construction waste has not received proper waste disposal in Indonesia. On the other hand, brick debris could be potentially reused as non-structural building materials to reduce its negative impact on the environment. This study aims to test the effectiveness of soundproofing on recycled brick debris. The soundproof test was carried out on brick debris in the form of fine and coarse grains. The simulation box is then used as a support for the brickwork material and then the box is exposed to a sound source with a certain level of noise that is considered disturbing human comfort. Noise level measurements are made in the outside and inside the box. These measurements are tabulated and then analyzed to see the success of the two aggregates in reducing noise. Basically, the brickwork material has succeeded in becoming a recycled building material that can absorb noise, although further research must be carried out to be able to state that this material is truly ready to be used as an alternative building material with good acoustic capabilities.

Crimes against marriage and family before Criminal Code 1968

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Lidia Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Structural Point

Crimes against marriage and family are a particular group of social relation­ships that the law has defended properly in view of the high public significance and value they enjoy. At the moment they are regulated in Chapter VI, Section I, of the specific part of the Penal Code the Repub­lic of Bulgaria. The subject matter of this Statement will, however, be the legisla­tive provisions concerning these criminal­ized acts in retrospect. The purpose of the study is to show by historical method and through the comparatively legal method the development of these criminal groups during the periods of various criminal laws in Bulgaria. This will also provide a basis for reflection on possible de lege ferenda proposals. This report from a structural point of view will be divided into three distinct points, marking each of the penal laws in the Republic of Bulgaria, which were in force before 1968.

scholarly journals Cartilage Injuries and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in the Wrist: A Review

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110219
Author(s):  
Jonny K. Andersson ◽  
Elisabet Hagert ◽  
Mats Brittberg
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Osteochondral Autograft ◽  
Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis ◽  
Osteochondral Repair ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Cartilage Injuries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Cartilage

Objective: Focal cartilage injuries, and posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) in the wrist are likely common and a cause of wrist pain. To estimate the incidence of cartilage lesions and to understand the pathomechanisms leading to wrist cartilage injuries and OA, a literature review on the subject was performed combined with a presentation of one of the authors’ own experience. Design: This study includes a literature review of the topic. As a comparison to the review findings, the observations of one of the authors’ consecutive 48 wrist arthroscopies, were assessed. PubMed, Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched using the keywords “cartilage injury AND wrist AND treatment” and “wrist AND cartilage AND chondral AND osteochondral AND degenerative OA.” :Result A total of 11 articles, including 9 concerning chondral and osteochondral repair and treatment and 2 regarding posttraumatic OA, were retrieved. The cartilage repair treatments used in these articles were drilling, osteochondral autograft, juvenile articular cartilage allograft, and chondrocyte implantation. One article displayed concomitant cartilage injuries in displaced distal radius fractures in 32% of the patients. The review of our findings from a 1-year cohort of wrist arthroscopies showed 17% cartilage injuries. Conclusion: There is a lack of knowledge in current literature on cartilage injuries and treatment, as well as posttraumatic OA in the wrist. Cartilage injuries appear to be common, being found in 17% to 32% of all wrist arthroscopies after trauma, but no guidelines regarding conservative or surgical treatment can be recommended at the moment. Larger prospective comparative studies are needed.

scholarly journals Acetylene Flow Rate as a Crucial Parameter of Vacuum Carburizing Process of Modern Tool Steels

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 2009-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rokicki ◽  
K. Dychton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Vacuum Carburizing ◽  
Layer Characteristic ◽  
Process Methodology ◽  
Carburized Layer ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Carburizing Process

Abstract Carburizing is one of the most popular and wide used thermo-chemical treatment methods of surface modification of tool steels. It is a process based on carbon diffusive enrichment of the surface material and is applied for elements that are supposed to present higher hardness and wear resistance sustaining core ductility. Typical elements submitted to carburizing process are gears, shafts, pins and bearing elements. In the last years, more and more popular, especially in highly advanced treatment procedures used in the aerospace industry is vacuum carburizing. It is a process based on chemical treatment of the surface in lower pressure, providing much higher uniformity of carburized layer, lower process cost and much lesser negative impact on environment to compare with conventional carburizing methods, as for example gas carburizing in Endo atmosphere. Unfortunately, aerospace industry requires much more detailed description of the phenomena linked to this process method and the literature background shows lack of tests that could confirm fulfilment of all needed requirements and to understand the process itself in much deeper meaning. In the presented paper, authors focused their research on acetylene flow impact on carburized layer characteristic. This is one of the most crucial parameters concerning homogeneity and uniformity of carburized layer properties. That is why, specific process methodology have been planned based on different acetylene flow values, and the surface layer of the steel gears have been investigated in meaning to impact on any possible change in potential properties of the final product.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Patient’s Decision about Bariatric Surgery: Results of a National Survey

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Maciej Walędziak ◽  
Anna Różańska-Walędziak ◽  
Paweł Bartnik ◽  
Joanna Kacperczyk-Bartnik ◽  
Andrzej Kwiatkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weight Loss Surgery ◽  
General Information ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Background: the COVID-19 pandemic and the implemented restrictions have changed the functioning of healthcare systems worldwide. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of the present epidemiological situation on patients’ decisions about undergoing weight loss surgery. Methods: data were collected from 906 bariatric patients by the means of a national online survey, the majority of whom were women (87.9%). The survey started on 9 April 2020 and was open until 28 April 2020. The questionnaire included multiple choice and open questions, divided into three chapters: general information about the patient, life during the COVID-19 pandemic, and bariatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: despite the pandemic and the associated risk of COVID-19 infection, 443 responders (48.9%) would have decided to undergo bariatric surgery. Awareness of the negative impact of obesity on the course of COVID-19 illness had only marginable impact on patients’ decision-making (76.6% vs. 75.3%; p < 0.80). Contact with COVID-19 prior to the survey had a negative impact on the willingness to undergo bariatric surgery (3.0% vs. 4.4%; p < 0.55). There was a positive correlation between the BMI and preference for bariatric surgery in the time of the pandemic (37.4 ± 9.0 vs. 34.9 ± 8.7; p < 0.001). Conclusions: the level of awareness about the advantages of operative treatment of obesity is high among bariatric patients. The majority of patients awaiting bariatric surgery at the moment of the survey were positive about undergoing bariatric surgery despite the increased risk of a serious course of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, a large proportion of patients was determined to have bariatric treatment even during the pandemic, being aware of the increased risk of worse pace of COVID-19 disease in case of obesity and related diseases.

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