scholarly journals Methodology for assessing measures to reduce the technological risk caused by the effects of electromagnetic factor at the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
T.A. Alimkhanova ◽  
S.V. Kovshov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electromagnetic Effect ◽  
Technological Risk ◽  
Radiation Distribution ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Effective Organization ◽  
And Storage

The study includes assessment of working conditions of personnel, modeling of non-ionizing radiation distribution, methods and means of protection contributing to the effective organization of measures to protect workers. The study analyzes the actual parameters of electromagnetic safety at the facility for transportation and storage of natural gas; a mechanism is proposed for modeling the electromagnetic effect of the transformer on an adjacent work area; the option of minimizing the negative impact of the transformer by shielding is proposed; the effectiveness parameters of the developed shield are estimated.

The influence of working conditions in the basic branches of animal husbandry on the nosological structure of occupational morbidity of workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
G. Bezrukova ◽  
M. Shalashova ◽  
T. Novikova ◽  
V. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Poultry Workers ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Sacral Radiculopathy

On the basis of updated data, the influence of working conditions on the nosological structure of professional morbidity of workers in the basic branches of animal husbandry of the Russian Federation is analyzed. In total, from 2011 to 2017, occupational diseases were detected in 823 livestock workers, who received 881 diagnoses, of which the share of cattle breeders, poultry breeders and pig breeders accounted for 95,0, 3,4 and 1,6 % of cases, respectively. Harmful labor factors that cause the formation of professional pathology in livestock breeders were: physical overload (64,6 %), industrial contact with cattle infected with Brucella abortus bovis (32,6 %) and the presence of dust in the work area containing toxic chemicals and aggressive biological mixes (2,3 %). A high etiopathogenetic relationship between the nosological form of the disease and working conditions in the profession was revealed. In livestock workers, occupational diseases were formed under the influence of physical overloads (64,6 %) and infection with the brucellosis pathogen (34,6 %); in pig farming, as a result of the severity of labor (84.5 %) and air pollution of the working area with dust, chemical toxicants and biologically active substances (7,7 %); in poultry farming, occupational health risk was associated with allergization of working with poultry products (50 %) and physical overloads (42,9 %). In the nosological spectrum of accumulated occupational diseases of livestock workers, the first rank places were occupied by residual brucellosis (32,6 %), radiculopathy of the cervical and lumbo-sacral levels (25,8 %), mono- and polyneuropathy (25,2 %), arthrosis and polyarthrosis (8,2 %), shoulder and shoulder periarthrosis (5,4 %). In poultry workers ¾ respiratory diseases: allergic bronchial asthma (39,3 %), allergic rhinopharyngitis (10,7 %) and cervical and lumbo-sacral radiculopathy (21,4 %). Pig workers were mainly diagnosed with cervical and lumbo-sacral radiculopathy (46,2 %), mono- and polyneuropathy (23,1 %), shoulder periarthrosis (15.4 %).

scholarly journals Associations between labour market policies and work stressors

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lunau ◽  
M Rigó
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Psychosocial Working Conditions ◽  
European Working

Abstract Background Many studies have shown that psychosocial work stressors have a negative impact on health. It is therefore important to understand how psychosocial work stressors can be reduced. First cross-sectional studies have shown that working conditions are influenced at the political level. With this study, we want to extend the existing studies by specifically looking at the longitudinal dimension and test if changing labour market policies are related to changes in psychosocial work stressors. Methods We used comparative longitudinal survey data from the European Working Conditions Survey (27 countries; years 2005, 2010, 2015). The measure of psychosocial work stressors is based on two established work stress models: job strain and effort-reward imbalance. To measure labour market policies we used information on active (ALMP) and passive labour market policies (PLMP). 64659 participants were eligible for the ERI analysis and 67114 participants for the analyses on job strain. Estimation results are provided by three-level multilevel regressions. Results An increase in ALMP investments lead to a decrease of ERI and therefore to an improvement in psychosocial working conditions. The analyses for the subcomponents showed that these results are mainly driven by reward: an increase in ALMP investments lead to an increase in rewards. We didn't find significant associations between ALMP and job strain and between a change in PLMP measures and the observed work stressors. Discussion The study extends current knowledge with longitudinal information by showing that an increase in ALMP lead to an increase in rewards and a decrease of ERI. These longitudinal analyses are more closely related to a causal interpretation than previous cross-country analyses. The findings of this study may have important policy implications. Our main result suggests that investments into ALMP can improve certain working conditions and therefore improve workers' health. Key messages Psychosocial work stressors have a negative impact on health. Investments into active labour market policies can improve psychosocial working conditions.

Opportunities and Challenges in Converting Existing Natural Gas Infrastructure for Hydrogen Operation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Adam
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Storage Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Drive Trains ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Hydrogen holds enormous potential in helping the world achieve its decarbonization goals and is set to play a key role in the Energy Transition. However, two central building blocks are needed to make the hydrogen economy a reality: 1) a sufficient source of emissions-free (i.e., blue or green) hydrogen production and 2) a needs-based transportation and storage network that can reliably and cost-effectively supply hydrogen to end-users. Given the high costs associated with developing new transportation infrastructure, many governments, pipeline operators, and regulatory bodies have begun exploring if it is both possible and economical to convert existing natural gas (i.e., methane) infrastructure for hydrogen operation. This paper outlines opportunities and technical challenges associated with such an endeavor – with a particular focus on adaptation requirements for rotating equipment/compressor drive trains and metallurgical and integrity considerations for pipelines.

Underestimated risks for bacterial keratitis in contact lens usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 2626-2630
Author(s):  
EVELINA MILCHEVA MARINOVA ◽  
◽  
DIMITAR STOIMENOV DABOV ◽  
YANI TODOROV ZDRAVKOV ◽  
EMILIA KRASIMIROVA NASEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Ophthalmic Examination ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Predisposing Conditions

Objective: The purpose of our research is to emphasize the role of underestimated predisposing conditions for microbial keratitis in contact lens users, to draw attention to the complications of wearing contact lenses without ophthalmic examination, and to offer a short questionnaire for fast and easy estimation of the risk factors for bacterial keratitis. Methods: A series of 23 cases of healthy young individuals, treated for bacterial keratitis, provoked а research on the predisposing factors for its development. Results: 55% of the patients had started to wear contact lenses without specific examination. 75% had made mistakes in the hygiene and storage of the lenses. We identified risk factors for development of bacterial keratitis in all cases. Conclusions: A thorough anamnesis and ophthalmic examination are crucial in decision making about contact lens wearing because they could reveal some of the predisposing conditions for the occurrence of ocular complications. The usage of contact lenses without a prescription poses health risks and could have a negative impact on the social and healthcare system.

scholarly journals Asbestos Exposure of Chrysotile Miners and Millers in Balangero, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-644
Author(s):  
Stefano Silvestri ◽  
Daniela Ferrante ◽  
Andrea Giovannini ◽  
Francesco Grassi ◽  
Stefania Carofalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Industrial Hygiene ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Russian Study ◽  
History Of

Abstract The largest chrysotile mine in Western Europe was active in Balangero (Italy) from 1917 to 1990. We quantitatively assessed exposure to asbestos in the framework of a cohort study on mortality of Balangero miners and millers. Using documents filed at the Italian State Archive we reconstructed the job-histories of cohort members. The concentration of asbestos fibres by work-area was derived from industrial hygiene surveys since 1968 and monitoring programs since 1975. Earlier exposures had been estimated based on the experimental reconstruction of past working conditions. In the mine concentrations of about 20 fibres per millilitre (f/ml) were initially present, decreasing to 5 in the mid-1950s and to <1 in late 1970s. In milling areas higher levels were present and did not fall below 1 f/ml until the mid-1980s. Cumulative exposure of cohort members, as the sum over their job-history of their year- and area-specific exposures, were <10 fibre/millilitre years (f/ml-y) in 18% of workers, 10–100 in 32%, 100–1000 in 37%, and >1000 in 13%. Compared with recently published estimates for the Russian chrysotile mine in Asbest, fibre concentrations in Balangero were higher during the 1950s and 1960s. Such difference may be partly accounted for by difficulties in converting dust measurements to fibre concentrations in the Russian study and the need to rely on the experimental reconstruction of exposures before 1968 in our study.

scholarly journals ¿Es mayor la eficiencia productiva en los procesos de trabajo transformados? Una consideración acerca de las consecuencias de la transformación del proceso de trabajo en las condiciones laborales.

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fairris
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Time Production ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
Rapid Transformation

Resumen:La organización de la producción ha venido sufriendo una rápida transformación desde hace casi dos décadas, con los cambios de los equipos de trabajo, las técnicas administrativas de calidad total y la producción justo a tiempo. Estas transformaciones han resultado en una mejora en la productividad en el trabajo, pero también en las repercusiones negativas sobre la vida de los trabajadores. Si las consecuencias positivas de la transformación del proceso de trabajo con respecto a la productividad están más que compensadas por las consecuencias negativas en las condiciones de trabajo, es posible que el movimiento de transformación del proceso de trabajo sea nocivo para la sociedad como un todo.Palabras clave : organización de la producción; equipos de trabajo; técnicas administrativas; calidad total; producción justo a tiempo; productividad. Abstract:The organization of production has undergone a rapid transformation for almost two decades, through changes in the work teams, the total-quality administrative techniques, and the just-in-time production. These changes have resulted in a better labor productivity, but also in negative effects on workers' lives. If positive consequences of the transformation of labor process with regard to productivity are more than compensated by the negative impact on working conditions, the labor process's change movement can be harmful to society as a whole.Key words: organization of production; work teams; administrative techniques; total quality; just-in-time production; productivity.

scholarly journals The Innovative Technology of Hydraulic Compression and Boosting for Filling the Vehicles and Storage Systems with Natural Gas and Biomethane

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Aleksey Safronov ◽  
Julia Guzeyeva ◽  
Jevgeniy Begens ◽  
Ansis Mezulis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Natural Gas Network ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicles ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThe article describes the technology of the “hydraulic piston”, as well as the studies that confirm the viability of this technology, implemented in various devices, designed to compress natural gas (CNG) and biomethane (bio-CNG), to accumulate CNG and bio-CNG, to deliver bio-CNG from the production site to the point of its injection into the natural gas network or to the vehicle fuelling stations to fill the Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV). The article presents prototypes of personal fuelling devices and mobile fuelling systems developed by Hygen Ltd. (Hygen), thereby showing the potential of the technology to contribute in the deployment of alternative fuel infrastructure and into the global GHG emissions reduction, mainly in the transport sector.

scholarly journals Organizational and Legal Principles of Soviet Militia Dispatch Center’s Functioning during 1969–1991

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
D. V. Halkin ◽  
O. M. Halkina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Effective Organization ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Made In

The normative and legal provision, organization and activity of militia dispatch centers of Soviet Ukraine in 1969–1991 have been studied. Various forms, methods and directions of activity of militia dispatch centers in 1961–1991 have been analyzed; and the activity of the militia in ensuring the protection of public order and the fight against crime has been reconsidered. The author has characterized the functions of militia dispatch centers, which were performed by them in the period from 1969 to 1991. The peculiarities of personnel and logistical provision of the militia dispatch centers in the specified historical period have been highlighted. The analysis of archival materials has demonstrated that the implementation of the function of the dispatch center was associated with the implementation of an increased number of tasks. However, the combination of the duties of a duty officer with performing the duties in another position led to the overburdening of a militiaman, which had a negative impact on law enforcement activity. Improving the organizational forms of the Soviet militia dispatch centers was carried out in several areas: 1) the creation of regular police units in all militia agencies, the number of which depended on the population, as well as changes in the operative situation; 2) increase in the number of regular shifts; 3) bringing the premises, equipment and logistics of dispatch centers in line with the established requirements; 4) the introduction of additional structures within dispatch centers, caused by an increase in the workload on dispatch centers as a result of the growth in crime rates; 5) increase of requirements to personnel of dispatch centers. In terms of reforming the law enforcement system, miscalculations and mistakes of the past years should be avoided. The specifics of dispatch centers’ activity is that it represents the interests of all services, combines the goals and objectives of public order, prevention and detection of crimes, as well as coordinates their actions in case of emergencies. The efficiency of crime detection, assistance to victims and detention of perpetrators depends on the effective organization of interaction between services and units. Thus, the creative use of obtained experience to improve the activities of the dispatch centers of internal affairs agencies will to some extent avoid mistakes and miscalculations made in previous historical periods.

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