scholarly journals Synthesis and properties of ion-exchange materials based on hydrolysis lignins

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Olga Popova ◽  
Tatyana Finochenko
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Wide Range

Hydrolytic lignin is a large-tonnage waste product of ethyl alcohol production and is a renewable resource. The structure of lignin is characterized by the presence of a large number of hydroxyl groups, which provides the value of lignin as a raw material for synthesis in polymer chemistry. But due to their low chemical stability in dilute alkalis, acids and solvents, lignins are of little use for wide practical use. The introduction of additional functional groups into the lignin maromolecule by oxidative modification with the use of resource-saving technologies makes it possible to obtain new products for the synthesis of composite materials. On the basis of electrochemically modified lignin in polycondensation reactions with phthalic acid, ion-exchange materials have been obtained: weakly acidic cation exchangers with a exchange capacity of 0.1 mol/l NaOH 3.5-3.8 mmol/cm3, capable of sorbing cations in a wide range of pH values, and ampholyte (exchange capacity for sodium cation 6.4-6.6 mmol/cm3, for chlorine anion - 1.1-1.3 mmol/cm3). Ion exchangers synthesized on the basis of chlorine and nitro-containing lignins have been investigated in comparison with generally known industrial ion exchangers; they have high exchange and physic-mechanical characteristics and chemical resistance.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ION EXCHANGERS DERIVED FROM NON-WOOD CELLULOSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Yelatontsev ◽  
Anatoly P. Mukhachev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Static Exchange Capacity ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Cation Exchangers

A rational scheme for the processing of large-scale agro-industrial waste – walnut shells Juglans Regia L. and apricot kernels Prunus Armeniaca L. was proposed. At first stage, the raw material was delignificated using liquid ammonia to remove hemicelluloses and lignin. Isolated non-wood pulp is chemically modifying to increase sorption and ion exchange properties. For the synthesis of anion exchangers, cellulose was aminated using pyridine or trimethylamine after preliminary treatment consequentially with formalin and C2H5OH in HCl medium. As a result, we obtained high and weakly-basic ion exchangers with nitrogen content of 10.3–11.5% and high exchange capacity towards various classes of inorganic anions. For synthesis of cation exchangers, cellulose was treated with solution consisting of 20% H3PO4, 40% CO(NH2)2, and 40% H2O. Consequently, we obtained phosphorus-containing high-acidic cation exchangers with exchange capacity towards heavy metal of 5.5–8.6 mmol∙cm–3. Both types of ion exchangers have a high capacity towards uranium: anion exchanger – 4.25 mmol∙cm–3 and cation exchanger – 4.94 mmol∙cm–3, respectively. Average total yield of ion exchangers related to weight of air-dry feedstock was 90%. Synthesized ion exchangers characterized by IR spectroscopy. Presence of amine functional groups –NH2 in aminated cellulose and phosphate ester groups –OPO(OH)2 in phosphorylated cellulose was established. Specific surface area and total static exchange capacity of synthesized ion exchangers were established. An environmentally friendly method for the disposal of spent solutions from the synthesis of cation exchangers was proposed. It allows getting a liquid complex fertilizer containing 17% N and 13.9% P2O5. Usage of this fertilizer for grain crops feeding increases plants length by 40–75%, as well as overall biomass increase by 20–30%.

Experimental Study on the Ammonium Ion-Exchange Material and its Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1558-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Qiong Liu ◽  
Xin Tan ◽  
Lin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reaction Kinetic ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Reaction Kinetic Model ◽  
Exchange Material

Washed kaolin produced in Maoming, Guangzhou was used as the raw material and NaOH and NaAlO2were used as the modifiers to prepare a high-performance deaminating material by providing kaolin with sodium-type exchange groups through modification and calcination. Then the ammonia ion exchange capacity of this material was studied by means of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) determination. Research has also been done on the conditions for the preparation of this material, the factors that influence the result of the removal of ammonia nitrogen from water by this material, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of this material. In this study , an extruding-rounding process to make the powder material into 1-2mm grains and studied the forming process of the grains. Research results show that: The ammonia exchange capacity of the prepared material was greater than 70 mg NH4+-N/g. Laboratory static ammonia nitrogen experiment showed that the high-performance ammonia deaminating material could remove 90% of the ammonia nitrogen from water and were qualified for the removal of ammonia nitrogen in water treatment processes. Through the establishment of Pseudo-first reaction kinetic model and Pseudo-second reaction kinetic model of modified of kaolin absorption on NH4+, we can see that the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen in water by this ammonium ion-exchange material matches the pseudo-second-order reaction.

scholarly journals Studies of the Separation of Palladium(II) Microquantities from Macroquantities of Salts of other Elements on Selective Ion Exchangers

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Hubicki ◽  
Halina Hubicka ◽  
Bozena Lodyga
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Frontal Analysis ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineral Acids

The applicability of selective ion exchangers for the removal of palladium(II) from solutions of copper(II), nickel(II), aluminium(III) salts, hydrochloric acid, a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids as well as a mixture of hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride has been studied by frontal analysis. The best results were obtained in the purification of copper(II) and nickel(II) salts on Chelite S with functional thiol groups, Duolite ES-346 with functional amidoxime groups and Lewatit TP-214 with functional thiourea groups. A decrease of palladium(II) content below 5 × 10−5% was obtained in the process of purification of macroquantities of these salts. In addition, these ion exchangers possess a considerable ion-exchange capacity (e.g. 3.18 mequiv. Pd/g for Lewatit TP-214) and a high resistance to mineral acids.

scholarly journals Reaction ability of alternative mineral dispersed materials as a tool for developing efficient road composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
M. A. Vysotskaya ◽  
S. Yu. Shehovtsova ◽  
D. A. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Pore Architecture ◽  
Wide Range

The avalanche-like growth of traffic intensity and freight traffic, the tightening of requirements for the quality of road clothes, the shortage of conditioned mineral raw materials in many regions of the Russian Federation prompt the construction materials science sector to search for new, promising methods for improving the quality of products. Road construction, one of the most material-intensive areas, is focused on maximizing the use of local, often non-conditioning materials, so composites made on their basis do not meet modern operational requirements. In this paper, a number of porous fine dispersed fillers have been investigated that could perform, on the one hand, the functions of a mineral powder, and on the other hand, serve as the carrier of a certain substance that regulates the properties of a road composite. The identification of the mechanism of interaction of mineral powders with bitumen was carried out by studying surface, physical-mechanical and chemical properties, as well as microstructural features and reactivity. It was found that the high porosity characteristic of fillers from perlite and zeolite is due to the highly developed pore architecture with the diameter of the entrance windows in a wide range. The study of the chemistry of the surface of a solid was carried out by evaluating the surface on which there are active centers due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and impurity centers. By the results of the experiment, it was found that an increase in the content of active sites on the surface of a mineral filler is directly proportional to its porosity. As a result of the conducted studies it was established that zeolites are the most promising raw material for organomineral composites. They have a developed specific surface, unique pore architecture, high structuring and adsorption capacity.

Phenol and Formaldehyde Cationic Resin Blended with Sulphonated Aegle Marmelos Charcoal

2011 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sayee Kannan ◽  
S. Siva ◽  
K. Kavitha ◽  
N. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Physico Chemical

This paper represents a simple method for preparing and characterizing of low-cost ion exchangers of sulfonated carbon prepared from Aegle Marmelos., as a source of cheap plant material blended with phenol-formaldehyde as a cross linking agent. The prepared ion exchange resins (IERS) are characterized by infrared (IR) spectral and thermal studies. All the important physico chemical properties of the ion exchangers have been determined. It is concluded from the present study that PER sample could be blended with 30% (W/W) of sulfonated Aegle Marmelos charcoal (SAMC) without affecting its physico chemical, spectral and thermal properties. Hence blending with SAMC will be finitely lower the cost of the ion exchange resin. Ion exchange process is suitable in the treatment of waste water containing metal ions discharge from plating and other industries. Also, it is a convenient way to concentrate and remove the ions of valuable metals like copper, mercury, cadmium, Nickel and Barium special processes using selective IERS are also available for the recovery of precisious noble metals like gold, platinum and silver. The present study is aimed at to synthesize and characterize new composite ion exchangers of PhOH – HCHO type, blended with SAMC and to determine the column/cation exchange capacity (or) ion exchange capacity (IEC) for some selective metal ions.

Ion exchange capacity of zeolite A with zinc nitrate and its antimicrobial activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harnish Kaur Kartar Singh ◽  
Zarina Amin ◽  
Sazmal Effendi Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity

AbstractVarious type of zeolites has been produced based on kaolinite and this study likewise utilized kaolin clay as raw material to synthesis zeolite A. Kaolin was in inactive state, therefore it was transformed to metakaolin through dehydroxylation at 800 °C for 4 h. The metakaolin as a source of silica and alumina was then utilized in the synthesis of zeolite A. After hydrothermal synthesis, the zeolite A was exchanged with different concentration of zinc nitrate solution. Zinc content in ion-exchanged zeolite A, ZnA was determined through AAS to calculate the ion exchange capacity. Higher concentration of zinc nitrate had higher zinc content and higher ion exchange capacity. Zeolite A and zinc-exchanged zeolite A were characterized under SEM, XRD and FTIR. Finally, zeolite A and zinc-exchanged zeolite A was used to investigate the antimicrobial properties against gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. There was no antimicrobial activity for zeolite A yet zinc-ion–exchanged zeolite A showed inhibition zones around the samples for both the microorganisms.

scholarly journals UPTAKE ABILITY OF ZEOLITIC ROCK FROM SOUTH XEROVOUNI, AVDELLA, EVROS, HELLAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2762
Author(s):  
E. Tzamos ◽  
A. Filippidis ◽  
N. Kantiranis ◽  
C. Sikalidis ◽  
A. Tsirambidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Type Zeolite ◽  
Positive Correlations

Zeolitic rock samples from South Xerovouni contain on average, 57 wt.% HEU type zeolite, 6 wt.% clay minerals, 3 wt.% mica (total of 66 wt.% microporous minerals), 19 wt.% feldspars, 10 wt.% cristobalite and 5 wt.% quartz (total of 34 wt.% non-microporous minerals). Chemically the zeolitic rock consists mainly of 69.9 wt.% SiO2, 13.2 wt.% Al2O3, 1.2 wt.% Fe2O3t, 1.0 wt.% MgO, 3.0 wt.% CaO, 1.5 wt.% Na2O and 2.2 wt.% K2O. The zeolitic rock shows an average ammonia ion exchange capacity of 150 meq/100g. HEU-type zeolite accounts for the most of the uptake ability, while clay minerals and mica contribute to a relative small extent only. The uptake ability of the five zeolitic rock samples showed positive correlations with the content of HEU-type zeolite as well as with the total content of microporous minerals (zeolite + mica + clay minerals). Such materials could be used in a wide range and scale of agricultural, aquacultural, and environmental applications.

Development and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Conducting Polymeric Zirconium Based Advanced Nanocomposite Ion-Exchangers for Environmental Remediation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 121-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jacinth Mispa ◽  
K. Anusiya ◽  
P. Subramaniam ◽  
R. Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Alkali Metal Halides

Polyaniline-Zr(IV) tungstovanadate and Polyaniline-Zirconium oxide nanocomposite ion -exchangers were synthesized and physico-chemical characterization done by FT-IR-UV spectral studies, XRD, SEM and TGA. These composites are having high mechanical strength, good electrical conductivity and stability than their individual components. The organic polymeric component of the composites provides mechanical as well as chemical stability whereas the inorganic component supports the ion-exchange behavior and thermal stability. Both the inorganic and organic parts are jointly responsible for their improved electrical conductivity. They have more promising ion exchange capacity towards alkali metal halides and have selective adsorption towards Pb(II) ion and these can be used as powerful candidates for water softening

scholarly journals Potentiometric Sensor for Gadolinium(III) Ion Based on Zirconium(IV) Tungstophosphate as an Electroactive Material

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish K. Sharma ◽  
Nadeem Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Selectivity Coefficient ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Electroactive Material ◽  
Wide Range

A new inorganic ion exchanger has been synthesized namely Zirconium(IV) tungstophosphate [ZrWP]. The synthesized exchanger was characterized using ion exchange capacity and distribution coefficient (Kd). For further studies, exchanger with 0.35 meq/g ion-exchange capacity was selected. Electrochemical studies were carried out on the ion exchange membranes using epoxy resin as a binder. In case of ZrWP, the membrane having the composition; Zirconium(IV) tugstophosphate (40%) and epoxy resin (60%) exhibits best performance. The membrane works well over a wide range of concentration from 1×10-5to 1×10-1M of Gd(III) ion with an over- Nernstian slope of 30 mv/ decade. The response time of the sensor is 15 seconds. For this membrane, effect of internal solution has been studied and the electrode was successfully used in partially non-aqueous media too. Fixed interference method and matched potential method has been used for determining selectivity coefficient with respect to alkali, alkaline earth, some transition and rare earth metal ions that are normally present along with Gd(III) in its ores. The electrode can be used in the pH range 4.0-10.0 for 10-1M and 3.0-7.0 for 10-2M concentration of target ion. These sensors have been used as indicator electrodes in the potentiometric titration of Gd(III) ion against EDTA and oxalic acid.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document