scholarly journals The role of hazardous factors of chemical and physical nature in welders’ occupational risks management

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 12028
Author(s):  
Yuriy Bulygin ◽  
Elena Andreeva ◽  
David Shoniya
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Near Future

The article is devoted to a review of the available scientific approaches to assess the role of hazardous factors of physical and chemical nature, which are very important for the management of occupational risks of workers in dust-hazardous industries using the example of welders. General approaches and models for assessing the risk to public health in general are presented quite fully, the mechanisms of the effect of dust particles on the development of occupational pathologies in welders, including toxic and carcinogenic ones, have been studied in depth, a number of articles are devoted to the study of the effect of a thermal (physical) factor of a chronic nature. The above studies are of a scattered nature, the combined effect of physical and chemical factors are not taken into account, based on the S. Arrhenius equation, which is especially important in the closed spaces of the working area. There is no comprehensive methodology for assessing health risks for workers in dust-hazardous industries and welders. The development of the above-mentioned comprehensive methodology for assessing health risk of workers in dust-hazardous industries based on taking into account hazardous factors of physical and chemical nature is very promising in the near future.

scholarly journals Semi-coking of oil shale of the Leningrad deposit

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
I.V. Litin ◽  
M.Yu. Nazarenko ◽  
S.N. Saltykova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Near Future

Recently, there has been a growing global interest in processing low-grade types of solid fuels, such as oil shale. In the near future, the role of solid fuels in the country's fuel and energy balance is expected to increase, primarily due to their large reserves. Based on this, this work evaluates the semi – coke obtained by semi-coking low-grade types of solid combustible fossils-oil shale of the Baltic basin (Leningrad deposit). The influence of process parameters (temperature and holding time) on the physical and chemical properties of shale semi-coke was studied experimentally. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the obtained samples of semi-coke from oil shale and brown coal can be used as a substitute for coke in various industries and the national economy.

scholarly journals Functional Morphology of Goblet Cells of the Small Intestine under the Influence of Various Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Sharapov ◽  
A. G. Kvaratskheliiya ◽  
M. B. Bolgucheva ◽  
K. N. Korotkikh
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Mucin 2 ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Exocrine Cell ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to various physical and chemical factors. In the intestine, the contact of bacteria and the epithelium largely depends on mucus, which mainly consists of highly glycosylated mucin-2 secreted by goblet cells in the epithelium. Goblet cells are located along the entire length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of a protective layer of mucus through the synthesis and secretion of high-molecular glycoproteins known as mucins. The article presents data on the embryogenesis of the small intestine in general and goblet cells, in particular, a literary review of the role of goblet cells in the morphology of the intestinal tract, the functional aсtivity of their secretion is carried out. Due to the unique nature of this highly polarized exocrine cell, the cellular mechanisms by which goblet cells  secrete their products are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of the Microenvironment in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Strategies for Treating Human Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shan-jing Xu ◽  
Li-ping Ye ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ya-hong Chen ◽  
Jian Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Preclinical Trials ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Severe Health Problem

Liver disease is a severe health problem that endangers human health worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a novel treatment for patients with different liver diseases due to its vast expansion potential and distinctive immunomodulatory properties. Despite several preclinical trials having confirmed the considerable efficacy of MSC therapy in liver diseases, the questionable safety and efficacy still limit its application. As a precursor cell, MSCs can adjust their characteristics in response to the surrounding microenvironment. The microenvironment provides physical and chemical factors essential for stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the mechanisms are still not completely understood. We, therefore, summarized the mechanisms underlying the MSC immune response, especially the interaction between MSCs and the liver microenvironment, discussing how to achieve better therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals Cellular and Extracellular Components in Tumor Microenvironment and Their Application in Early Diagnosis of Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wei ◽  
Si Liu ◽  
Shutian Zhang ◽  
Li Min ◽  
Shengtao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Tumors are surrounded by complex environmental components, including blood and lymph vessels, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and extracellular matrix. All the stromal components together with the tumor cells form the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, extracellular physical and chemical factors, including extracellular pH, hypoxia, elevated interstitial fluid pressure, and fibrosis, are closely associated with tumor progression, metastasis, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. Cellular and extracellular components in TME contribute to nearly all procedures of carcinogenesis. By summarizing the recent work in this field, we make a comprehensive review on the role of cellular and extracellular components in the process of carcinogenesis and their potential application in early diagnosis of cancer. We hope that a systematic review of the diverse aspects of TME will help both research scientists and clinicians in this field.

On the interfacial chemistry of aryl diazonium compounds in polymer science

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria Salmi ◽  
Sarra Gam-Derouich ◽  
Samia Mahouche-Chergui ◽  
Mireille Turmine ◽  
Mohamed Chehimi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layers ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Thin Polymer Films ◽  
Interfacial Chemistry ◽  
New Class ◽  
Thin Polymer ◽  
Grafting From ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThis review emphasises the role of aryl diazonium compounds as a new class of coupling agents for grafting polymer thin layers onto carbon, diamond, metals, metal oxides, alloys, semi-conductors, ceramics, and polymers. Physical and chemical methods are first reported for anchoring aryl layers to the surfaces, then the review concentrates on the modification of the above substrates by thin polymer films via a range of the “grafting from” and “grafting onto” strategies. Some applications are described which highlight the important role that diazonium salts will continue to play in the near future in the polymer and surface sciences.

Study on Thickening after Preparation Phenomenon of Alcohol-Based Gravure Ink

2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 480-485
Author(s):  
Ying Jie Xu ◽  
Xian Fu Wei ◽  
Bei Qing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Alcohol System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Viscosity Changes

The thickening after preparation phenomenon of ink refers to the viscosity of ink after preparation is constantly changing during its storage process. The appropriate increase of ink viscosity during its storage plays an important role in preventing the particles of pigment sedimentation. The utility of the ink is negatively affected by the rise of viscosity of ink that is over a certain range during the process of storage. The rise is a result of the broken of the system stability owing to some physical and chemical factors. In order to improve the stability of ink during its storage, not only the viscosity changes of ink prepared by pigment and resin with different kinds of functional group during storage are measured, but also the chemical factors contribute to the thickening after preparation phenomenon of ink are analyzed. What is more, the viscosity changes of ink prepared by different constituent content during storage are measured, and the physical factors lead to the thickening after preparation phenomenon of ink are analyzed as well. According to the research results, the functional groups of pigment and resin set off a chemical reaction in alcohol system, which is the main reason for the thickening after preparation phenomenon of ink. The constituent content of ink is the essential physical factor that influences the thickening after preparation phenomenon of ink.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE ROLE OF WATER IN THE PRODUCTION OF CASTING FORMS AND RING ONE-TIME APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
I. O. Leushin ◽  
A. N. Grachev ◽  
L. I. Leushina ◽  
A. I. Markov
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Casting Quality ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The production of single casting molds and cores is still relevant and will not lose its practical significance in the foreseeable future. In the vast majority of cases, the technology for the production of single molds and cores involves working with mixtures containing water. In this regard, the role of moisture in the composition of molding and core mixtures is difficult to overestimate. Among its main functions is to impart plasticity, fluidity, formability, and survivability to the material when it is loaded into the working cavity of the technological tooling. Water takes part in almost all processes of a physical and chemical nature occurring in foundry molds and cores, both at the stages of their manufacture and during application. However, to ensure the necessary characteristics of the casting mold or core and further casting quality, the water content in the composition of the mold or core should change at various stages of the manufacturing process. For this reason, manufacturers are faced with a number of issues related not so much to determining the optimal quantitative range of water content in the material of the mold or core, but to retention mechanisms and methods for removing water and the choice of methods for their practical implementation to increase the controllability of the process. This problem is the focus of attention in this article.

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

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