scholarly journals Assessment of management decisions as a factor in the sustainable functioning of an enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 07011
Author(s):  
A.F. Stepus ◽  
O.M. Perminova ◽  
R.V. Faizullin
Keyword(s):  
Management Decisions ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Microeconomic Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
Different Levels

The cost of managerial labor, especially managers of the top, middle and lower levels of management, is estimated by various methods, the article proposes to assess through the tension, intensity and complexity of labor by levels of management. This is especially important in times of crisis, when it is required to actively seek better conditions for the enterprise, to organize the work of subordinates in accordance with the new requirements. With an increase in costs and a decrease in the effectiveness of the management staff, in particular, the risk of bankruptcy and a significant decrease in the competitiveness of the enterprise in such conditions of instability increases rapidly. The criticism of macroeconomic indices is carried out and a microeconomic analysis and a method for assessing the intensity, intensity and complexity of labor at different levels of management are proposed. It is known that the most significant costs that have reserves for reduction are personnel costs, including management costs. Based on the analysis of the correlation and mathematical dependence, the ratio of wages by levels of management on a contract basis was determined based on the minimum established level of wages at the enterprise.

At what cost is performance-based financing implemented? Novel evidence from Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela De Allegri ◽  
Chris Makwero ◽  
Aleksandra Torbica
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Personnel Cost ◽  
Cost Category ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Performance Based Financing ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Income Setting

Abstract Our study estimated the full economic cost of implementing performance-based financing [PBF, the Support for Service Delivery Integration Performance-Based Incentives (SSDI-PBI) programme], as a means of first introducing strategic purchasing in a low-income setting, Malawi. Our analysis distinguished design from implementation costs and traces costs across personnel and non-personnel cost categories over the 2012–15 period. The full cost of the SSDI-PBI programme amounted to USD 3 402 187, equivalent to USD 6.46 per targeted beneficiary. The design phase accounted for about one-third (USD 1 161 332) of the total costs, while the incentives (USD 1 140 436) represented about one-third of the total cost of the intervention and about half the cost of the implementation phase. With a cost of USD 1 605 178, personnel costs represented the dominant cost category. Our study indicated that the introduction of PBF entailed consumption of a substantial amount of resources, hence representing an important opportunity cost for the health system.

Paper 21: Planning for Failures

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
R. H. W. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Failure Pattern ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Service Data ◽  
Component Failures ◽  
Realistic Prediction

When a serious failure situation has developed, an expensive crash programme is usually required. If in-service data are analysed as a routine, then impending trouble may be foreseen and management decisions made to minimize the cost. A reliability analysis can help to establish a failure pattern compatible with intuitive engineering assessment so that, from a realistic prediction, alternative courses of action can be considered. A recent gas-turbine engine problem which has caused six component failures is analysed, and alternative replacement strategies are considered. It is suggested that to adopt the intuitive compromise strategy could be the most expensive in this case.

scholarly journals Staff cost in direct nursing care at an intensive care unit

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Cristina Ribeiro Telles ◽  
Valéria Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Personnel Cost ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Staff Cost ◽  
The Cost

This quantitative case study aimed to learn and analyze the personnel cost in nursing direct care in the intensive care unit. We opted to use a therapeutic intervention score index, TISS-28, for the analysis of the indirect gravity of patients and the dimension of the nursing staff working time. Evaluating the cost by a gravity score presented to be a logical and relatively simple method to allocate costs per patient in the intensive care unit. In this exploratory and descriptive study, the average TISS-28 per patient was 31 points, requiring a daily expenditure of care hours of R$ 298.69. It was evidenced in this study that personnel costs are variable since there are patients with different complexities. Therefore is possible to estimate the nursing staff cost by assessing its work load.

Cost-utilization of peripheral intravenous cannulation in hospitalized adults: An observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredericus HJ van Loon ◽  
Tina Leggett ◽  
Arthur RA Bouwman ◽  
Angelique TM Dierick-van Daele
Keyword(s):  
Catheter Insertion ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Nurses And Physicians ◽  
Supply Costs ◽  
Cost Utilization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hospital Protocols ◽  
Mean Time

Aim: In modern healthcare there is increased focus on optimizing efficiency for every treatment or performed procedure, of which reduction of costs is an important part. With this study, authors aimed to calculate the cost of peripheral intravenous cannulation including all components that influence its price. Methods: This observational cost-utilization study was conducted between May and October 2016. Hospitalized adults were included in this study, who received usual care. Peripheral intravenous cannulation was carried out according to current hospital protocols, based on international standards for peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. Device costs were assumed equal to the number of attempts multiplied by the fixed supply costs and applicable costs for additional attempts, whereas personnel costs for both nurses and physicians were based on their hourly salary. Results: A total of 1512 patients were included in this study, with a mean of 1.37 (±0.77) attempts and a mean time of 3.5 (±2.7) min were needed for a successful catheter insertion. Adjusted mean costs for peripheral intravenous cannulation were estimated to be €11.67 for each patient, but costs increase as the number of attempts for successful cannulation increases. The cost for patients with a successful first attempt was lower, at approximately €9.32 but increased markedly to €65.34 when five attempts were needed. Conclusion: Prevention of multiple attempts may lower the costs, and furthermore, additional technologies applied by nurses to individual patients based on predicted difficult intravenous access will make the application of these additional technologies, in turn, more efficient.

scholarly journals Social Welfare Analysis under Different Levels of Consumers’ Privacy Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 2943-2964
Author(s):  
Xudong Lin ◽  
Xiaoli Huang ◽  
Shuilin Liu ◽  
Yulin Li ◽  
Hanyang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Privacy Regulation ◽  
Privacy Preference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

With the rapid development of information technology, digital platforms can collect, utilize, and share large amounts of specific information of consumers. However, these behaviors may endanger information security, thus causing privacy concerns among consumers. Considering the information sharing among firms, this paper constructs a two-period duopoly price competition Hotelling model, and gives insight into the impact of three different levels of privacy regulations on industry profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare. The results show that strong privacy protection does not necessarily make consumers better off, and weak privacy protection does not necessarily hurt consumers. Information sharing among firms will lead to strong competitive effects, which will prompt firms to lower the price for new customers, thus damaging the profits of firms, and making consumers’ surplus higher. The level of social welfare under different privacy regulations depends on consumers’ product-privacy preference, and the cost of information coordination among firms. With the cost of information coordination among firms increasing, it is only in areas where consumers have greater privacy preferences that social welfare may be optimal under the weak regulation.

Stigmatized products: how conflicting laws can influence decisions to proceed

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Stephanie Geiger-Oneto ◽  
Betsy D. Gelb ◽  
Travis Simkins
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offers the authors’ perspective on a problem rarely considered by those making strategic decisions: conflicting laws at different levels of jurisdiction, specifically those related to stigmatized products. Design/methodology/approach The authors use as examples of product categories from marijuana to single-use plastic bags, describing the conflicting laws that add to costs for marketers and consumers. Findings The authors find that conflicting laws add to the uncertainty, legal expenses, and therefore, the cost of marketing a stigmatized product, whether stigmatized because of its impact on the environment, on health or on moral grounds. Research limitations/implications The examples are not exhaustive, but their implications are significant: that as state legislatures are preempting local bans, Congress may preempt state laws. Originality/value This paper adds one more complexity to decision-making in the area of products to offer and/or merger/acquisition decisions that may bring company products that face conflicting laws.

scholarly journals Emergence of Coordination in Growing Decision-Making Organizations: The Role of Complexity, Search Strategy, and Cost of Effort

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Friederike Wall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Problem ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Distributed Decision Making ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Nk Fitness Landscapes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Different Levels

Coordination among decision-makers of an organization, each responsible for a certain partition of an overall decision-problem, is of crucial relevance with respect to the overall performance obtained. Among the challenges of coordination in distributed decision-making systems (DDMS) is to understand how environmental conditions like, for example, the complexity of the decision-problem to be solved, the problem’s predictability and its dynamics shape the adaptation of coordination mechanisms. These challenges apply to DDMS resided by human decision-makers like firms as well as to systems of artificial agents as studied in the domain of multiagent systems (MAS). It is well known that coordination for increasing decision-problems and, accordingly, growing organizations is in a particular tension between shaping the search for new solutions and setting appropriate constraints to deal with increasing size and intraorganizational complexity. Against this background, the paper studies the adaptation of coordination in the course of growing decision-making organizations. For this, an agent-based simulation model based on the framework of NK fitness landscapes is employed. The study controls for different levels of complexity of the overall decision-problem, different strategies of search for new solutions, and different levels of cost of effort to implement new solutions. The results suggest that, with respect to the emerging coordination mode, complexity subtly interferes with the search strategy employed and cost of effort. In particular, results support the conjecture that increasing complexity leads to more hierarchical coordination. However, the search strategy shapes the predominance of hierarchy in favor of granting more autonomy to decentralized decision-makers. Moreover, the study reveals that the cost of effort for implementing new solutions in conjunction with the search strategy may remarkably affect the emerging form of coordination. This could explain differences in prevailing coordination modes across different branches or technologies or could explain the emergence of contextually inferior modes of coordination.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency of Pneumatic Cylinder Control with Different Levels of Compressed Air Pressure and Clamping Cartridge

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3711
Author(s):  
Vladislav Blagojevic ◽  
Dragan Seslija ◽  
Slobodan Dudic ◽  
Sasa Randjelovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinder ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Cylinder Piston ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Different Levels

Since pneumatic systems are widely used in various branches of industry, the need to find ways to reduce energy consumption in these systems has become very pressing. The reduction in energy consumption in these systems is reflected in the reduction of compressed air consumption. The paper presents a cylinder control system with a piston rod on one side, in which the reduction in energy consumption is ensured by using different levels of supply pressure in the working and the return stroke, and by holding the cylinder piston rod in its final positions with a clamping cartridge. Clamping and holding the piston rod in its final position further affects the reduction in energy consumption. Experimental data show that the application of the proposed control leads to a decrease in compressed air consumption of 25.54% to 32.97%, depending on the compressed air pressure used in the return stroke. The cost-effectiveness of the proposed cylinder control with different levels of compressed air pressure and holding the final position by clamping cartridge is presented.

scholarly journals Bioeconomic modelling of grey seal predation impacts on the West of Scotland demersal fisheries

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1374-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Trijoulet ◽  
Helen Dobby ◽  
Steven J Holmes ◽  
Robin M Cook
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
The West ◽  
Maximum Economic Yield ◽  
Bioeconomic Modelling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract The role grey seals have played in the performance of fisheries is controversial and a cause of much debate between fishers and conservationists. Most studies focus on the effects of seal damage to gears or fish and on prey population abundance but little attention is given to the consequences of the latter for the fisheries. We develop a model that quantifies the economic impact of grey seal predation on the West of Scotland demersal fisheries that traditionally targeted cod, haddock and whiting. Three contrasting fishing strategy scenarios are examined to assess impacts on equilibrium fleet revenues under different levels of seal predation. These include status quo fishing mortality (SQF, steady state with constant fishing mortality), open access fishing (bioeconomic equilibrium, BE) and the maximum economic yield (MEY). In all scenarios, cod emerges as the key stock. Large whitefish trawlers are most sensitive to seal predation due to their higher cod revenues but seal impacts are minor at the aggregate fishery level. Scenarios that consider dynamic fleet behaviour also show the greatest effects of seal predation. Results are sensitive to the choice of seal foraging model where a type II functional response increases sensitivity to seal predation. The cost to the fishery for each seal is estimated.

The practice of nurse in managing materials contained

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Samuel Spiegelberg Zuge ◽  
Maria Luiza Cioccari Do Carmo ◽  
Crhis Netto de Brum ◽  
Laura De Azevedo Guido
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Materials Management ◽  
Perioperative Nursing ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Room Nursing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Operating Room Nursing

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe correlated actions between services from a hospital company to obtain quality and productivity in the customers care, related to the enshrined materials management, and also to emphasize the importance of the nurse in this context. Methodology: this is an experience report ruled by a literature review. Results: it was verified that the systematization of processes and the interrelation between services are vital to the financial equilibrium of the institution and the accord that share the cost with the suppliers. The nurse it have clear objectives, be ethical, to remind the management of the company's needs, but above all be prepared to consider a nursing care appropriate technology and necessary as this, but especially geared to the needs of customers. Conclusion: it is considered that the enshrined management assures the assistant quality bound to the customer satisfaction in different levels, besides permitting the nursing staff higher tranquility to conduct its activities, once the management is concentrated in the work process of the nurses. Descriptors: assistance; perioperative nursing; operating room nursing; sterilization; waste management; technology; work.      RESUMO Objetivos: descrever ações de interação entre serviços de uma empresa hospitalar para obtenção de qualidade e produtividade no atendimento aos clientes, relacionado ao gerenciamento de materiais consignados, bem como destacar a importância do enfermeiro nesse contexto. Metodologia: trata-se de um relato de experiência pautado em uma revisão de literatura. Resultados: verificou-se que a sistematização de processos e a inter-relação entre serviços  são vitais para o equilíbrio financeiro da instituição e dos convênios que compartilham os gastos juntos aos fornecedores. Ao enfermeiro cabe ter objetivos claros, ser ético, lembrar da gestão das necessidades da empresa, mas acima de tudo estar preparado para contemplar uma assistência de enfermagem adequada a tecnologia tão presente e necessária, mas especialmente voltada às necessidades dos clientes. Conclusão: considera-se que a gestão de consignados assegura a qualidade da assistência vinculada à satisfação dos clientes em diferentes níveis, além de permitir a equipe de enfermagem maior tranqüilidade em realizar suas atividades, uma vez que o gerenciamento concentra-se no processo de trabalho do enfermeiro. Descritores: assistência; enfermagem de centro cirúrgico; enfermagem perioperatória; esterilização; gerenciamento de resíduos; tecnologia; trabalho.RESUMENObjetivo: describir acciones de interacion entre los servicios de una empresa hospitalar para la obtención de qualidad y productividad en atendimiento a los clientes, relacionada al gerenciamiento de materiales consignados, así como destacar la importancia de los enfermeros en ese contexto. Metodología: se trata de un relato de experiencia gobernado por una revisión de la literatura. Resultados: fue verificado que la sistematización con procesos y la interrelación entre los servicios son vitales para el equilibrio financero de la instituición y de los convenios que comparten los gastos junto a los fornecedores. La enfermera que tener objetivos claros, ser ético, para recordar la gestión de las necesidades de la empresa, pero sobre todo estar preparados para considerar una atención de enfermería de tecnología apropiada y necesaria como esta, pero especialmente orientada a las necesidades de los clientes. Conclusión: es considerado que la gestión de consignados asegura la qualidad de la asistencia vinculada a la satisfacción de los clientes en diferentes niveles, como también permite a el equipo de enfermeros mayor tranquilidad en conducir sus actividades, pues el gerenciamiento concentrase nel proceso del trabajo del enfermero. Descriptores: asistencia; enfermería perioperatoria; administración de residuos; enfermería de quirófano;  esterilización; administración de residuos; tecnología; trabajo.  

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