scholarly journals Value-added interregional inequality assessment of border regions in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Epifanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
High Level

The economic development of Russian border regions is accompanied by a high level of interregional disparities both within the group of border regions and across the country. The purpose of the article is to assess the degree of interregional inequality of border regions in comparison with inner ones. Based on the key indicator of regional economic development, Gross Regional Product (GRP) per capita, various indicators of interregional inequality (coefficients of variation, the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value, the Gini and Theil coefficients) were calculated, and σ-convergence and absolute β-convergence were estimated. Estimations of all indicators show that sharp changes in inequality, as well as the level of interregional inequality itself, are characteristic of border regions. For the interior regions, the dynamics are smoother, and the degree of inequality is significantly lower. This allows concluding that the main reason for the formation of interregional inequalities in Russia is inter-regional inequality in the group of border regions.

Transfer-based decentralisation, economic growth and spatial inequality: Evidence from China’s 2002–2003 tax sharing reform

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-826
Author(s):  
Fan Fan ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Dali Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Tax Sharing

China has adopted a transfer-based fiscal decentralisation scheme since the mid-1990s. In the 1994 tax sharing reform, the central government significantly raised its share of government revenue vis-à-vis local governments by taking most of the newly created value-added tax on manufacturing. One aim for the adoption of the transfer-based fiscal scheme was to channel more funds to less developed regions and rural areas, and to alleviate growing interregional inequality and urban–rural income disparity. In 2002 and 2003 the Chinese central government further grabbed 50% and 60%, respectively, of the income taxes previously assigned only to local governments while providing more fiscal transfers to the country’s poor regions and the countryside. Utilising the 2002–2003 change in China’s central–local tax sharing regime as an exogenous policy shock, we employ a Simulated Instrumental Variable approach to causally evaluate the effects of the policy shock on growth, interregional inequality and urban–rural disparity. We find the lower local tax share dis-incentivised local governments and led to lower growth. Although higher central transfers helped to reduce interregional inequalities in per capita GDP and per capita income, the equalising effects were only present for urban incomes. We argue that transfer-based decentralisation without bottom-up accountability was detrimental to economic growth and had limited impact on income redistribution.

scholarly journals Explaining Patterns of Corruption in the Russian Regions

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Dininio ◽  
Robert Orttung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product

Corruption is one of the key problems facing the Russian state as it seeks to evolve out of its socialist past. Naturally, regional patterns of corruption exist across a country as large and diverse as the Russian Federation. To explain these variations, the authors analyze 2002 data from Transparency International and the Information for Democracy Foundation that provide the first effort to measure differences in the incidence of corruption across forty Russian regions. They find that corruption in Russia is fueled by the size of government and by the level of development. Within each region, the amount of corruption increases as the number of bureaucrats grows and gross regional product per capita decreases. Russian policymakers can therefore work to reduce corruption by effectively reforming or scaling back bureaucracies and by encouraging economic development outside of the key centers of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

The Spaces Between Us

2014 ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Mohanalakshmi Rajakumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
National Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level

Despite having one of the highest per-capita incomes of the world, social and political changes in Qatar have not kept pace with the country’s economic development. The expatriate and national population of the small emirate have access to luxury brands and a variety of Western goods including food as well as hotels. The high level of commercialization, however, does not mean that cultural differences between the various nationalities have been erased. Online forums and social media have provided neutral public spaces where debate and dialogue about identity and values can take place in a way they do not occur in public. This chapter examines a variety of examples through comments by expats and nationals on a number of media sites as well as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.

scholarly journals The Effect of Economic Development on Urbanization in Lebanon: An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Hamdan ◽  
Mohamad Balouza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urban Population Growth ◽  
The Relationship

The paper aims to study the evolution of urban growth in Lebanon as a developing country with respect to its economic development. Also, the dynamics of this relationship are to be explored and shed some light on the effect, if any, of economic development on Urbanization in Lebanon. Therefore, the study identifies through literature how economic development impacts urbanization. Finally, this paper advances the research on the subject topic in Lebanon beyond the restrictions and limitations of previous literature through empirical results. The study focuses on previous literature regarding the relation of economic development and urbanization. The study uses time-series OLS multi-variate egression anaylsis in the case of Lebanon from the year 1988-2018.GDP per capita, school enrolment and life expectancy were used tocapture the urban population growth, while ores and metals exports, manufacturing value added and agricultural value added were used as conrol variables. The results indicate a positive correlation and at least one co integrating equation between the variables. The results showed that two variables are significant with urban population at regional level supporting the expected hypothesis (GDP and school enrolment) and all other variables did not show any significant relation with urbanization in Lebanon. This study might be of interest providing insights on the relationship between urbanization and economic development specially for further studies in the field of urbanization. The study believes to contribute positively to understanding of urbanization and the creation to an innovative era of economic growth, luxury and improved resource allocation.

Assessment of contribution by corporate structures of the construction business to the economic development of territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
SERGEY V. RAEVSKY ◽  
◽  
LYUBOV A. BELYAEVSKAYA-PLOTNIK ◽  
ANDREY A. ROMASHIN ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers the development of methodology for assessing the contribution of corporate structures of the construction business to the economic development of territories. In the article, a specific theoretical approach is used, i. e. when choosing the instruments of regional administration, it is required to use precisely those, which with a minimum impact will lead to maximum effectiveness. When working on this hypothesis, appropriate estimates are used to assess the contribution of large corporate structures of the construction business to the creation of the Gross Regional Product with the usage of correlation- regression models. The adoption of effective management decisions to a large extent depends on the selection of the right areas of impact on those types of businesses that form the largest share of value-added. This approach allows us to highlight the tools to support the corporate structures of the construction business in developing the economic policy of the region.

scholarly journals Impact of energetics development on the sustainability of the regional economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02105
Author(s):  
Elena Merkulova ◽  
Oleg Kondrakov ◽  
Vera Menshchikova ◽  
Yulia Vertakova
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
High Level

Gross regional product (GRP) per capita is the main indicator of the development level in a region, determining budgetary economic security and living standards of the population in the region. The energy sector has a great influence on the economic and sustainable development of the regions. The studying problem of the influence level in electricity consumption, the electrical equipment of labour, the volume of industry shipped products on the level of GRP is relevant. The main indicator of ensuring economic security in the region is a high level of GRP per capita. The factors affecting this indicator are revealed. The paper considers the degree of GRP dependence on the following indicators: electricity consumption in industry, the volume of goods shipped by manufacturing industries, the electrical equipment in industrial work (manufacturing industries). By the method of factor analysis, generalized characteristics of regional development are made.

scholarly journals Interregional Inequality of Population Incomes: Problems of Methodology and Estimation in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 09003
Author(s):  
M.N. Tolmachev ◽  
N.G. Barashov ◽  
A.V. Latkov ◽  
V.A. Markov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cost Of Living Index

Currently, the priority of the Russian Federation socio-economic development is to achieve sustainable economic growth. A significant obstacle to the achievement of this goal is the unevenness and disproportionality in the socio-economic development of the Russian regions. This circumstance makes the problem of an objective and adequate assessment of Russian regions the interregional differentiation particularly relevant. The study notes that the nominal monetary income of the population does not take into account regional differences in price level. This work discusses methodological approaches of reliable determination, advantages of weighted and unweighted estimates in the interregional inequality, special attention is paid to weighing the average per capita indicators of the subject of the Russia for the proportion of the region’s population in the country’s population. To assess the purchasing power of the population at the regional level, the authors propose to use a modified cost of living index. As a result of the study, the dynamics of the variation coefficient of the average per capita monetary incomes of the population and adjusted for the modified cost-of-living index were determined, on the basis of which the regions of Russia were divided into three groups. The efficiency of the transition to the analysis of incomes comparable in purchasing power, as comparison of weighted and unweighted variation coefficients, has been proved. The trend towards smoothing interregional inequality, which is caused by the accelerated growth of real incomes of the population in the low-income group of Russian regions.

scholarly journals MARRIAGE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-420
Author(s):  
Alessio Moro ◽  
Solmaz Moslehi ◽  
Satoshi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract:There is an extensive literature discussing how individuals’ marriage behavior changes as a country develops. However, no existing data set allows an explicit investigation of the relationship between marriage and economic development. In this paper, we construct new cross-country panel data on marital statistics for 16 OECD countries from 1900 to 2000, in order to analyze such a relationship. We use this data set, together with cross-country data on real GDP per capita and the value added share of agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors, to document two novel stylized facts. First, the fraction of a country’s population that is married displays a hump-shaped relationship with the level of real GDP per capita. Second, the fraction of the married correlates positively with the share of manufacturing in GDP. We conclude that the stage of economic development of a country is a key factor that affects individuals’ family formation decisions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of interaction between chosen indicators of development of regions in Ukraine

Equilibrium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Horská ◽  
Serhiy Moroz ◽  
Zuzana Poláková ◽  
Ľudmila Nagyová ◽  
Ihor Paska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product

Research background: In recent years, special attention has been given to the research direction regarding the study of economic, social, and demographic aspects of regional development. This direction is especially important for transition countries, including Ukraine. Despite that, there is a lack of research studies in which interdependencies of economic and demographic indicators of Ukraine’s regions are investigated. Purpose of the article: The paper assesses the relationships between the selected indicators of Ukrainian regions (export of goods per capita, foreign direct investment per capita, and the average resident population) and gross regional product per capita. Methods: Research results were compared in the periods before and during the military conflict in the eastern part of the country, based on regional data for 2010 and 2015. We used a multiple linear econometric model and tested multicollinearity. Findings & Value added: The analysis confirms that there is a positive correlation between export of goods and gross regional product and between foreign direct investment and gross regional product. That is why it is necessary to pay attention to the effective use of existing trade opportunities, especially within the framework of the Ukraine — EU Association Agreement, and to elaborate directions for further expansion of export activities. It is important to provide simpler and more understandable conditions in order to attract foreign investments in Ukrainian regions. Our study also shows that there is no influence of the average resident population on gross regional product. In many aspects, the interaction between demographic and economic components takes place through the labour market. This situation indicates that insufficient attention is given to regional employment issues, and the quantitative and structural imbalance is observed on the labour market at the regional level. In our opinion, to improve the situation, targeted activities should be elaborated on in the frame of regional development programmes.

scholarly journals Transit in Regional Economic Development: The Case of the Kaliningrad Exclave

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
Ksenia Yu. Voloshenko ◽  
Ivan S. Gumenyuk ◽  
Nils Göran Arne Roos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
System Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
The Impact

The study analyses the role of the transit function in the development of a regional transport system drawing on the example of the Kaliningrad exclave region (Russia). The article studies the role and extent of the impact of changes in the volume and structure of transit operations on the value-added creation in the regional economy. The assessment of the transit function was conducted using analytical software for strategizing and situational forecasting of the socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region, the analogue of which is the CGE-model. The article describes the results of the regional value-added modelling based on the integrated index of gross regional product (GRP) and the changing volume and structure of transit cargo. The article explores the transit specialisation options for the Kaliningrad region based on different scenarios of its social and economic development and the changes in external factors. The results can be applied to similar studies on assessing the transit potential of a particular territory and developing measures to support the transportation system development in other regions.

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