scholarly journals COVID-19 threat projection and Its influence toward national defense system

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Amarulla Octavian ◽  
Syamsunasir ◽  
Nadiva Awalia Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Government ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The covid-19 pandemic that is currently experienced throughout the world has led to great uncertainty upon public health and the national economy. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has shaped the strategic environment landscape with four distinct attributes that might threaten a nation’s survival, namely volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). Thus, the government is expected to be able to make a swift and timely decision in responding to various threats in the VUCA era. Against the background, this paper discusses issues on global threat projection (especially the Covid-19 pandemic) and its influence on the national defense system, the re-actualization of the Total Defense System in the VUCA era, and the implementation of the Total Defense System in responding to the threats dynamic. To discuss the topic, this study analyzed the influence of global threats resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic on the national defense system, and how the Total Defense System is re-actualized and implemented in the VUCA era. The theoretical foundations employed in this study are securitization, neo-Malthusian, food security, dan society empowerment theories. The changing shape of threats has to be paid careful attention in formulating policy on the national defense system. In line with the complexity of threat characteristics in the VUCA era, the “re-actualization” of the Total Defense System has become an urgency given the current context. Against the dynamics of the current threats, the implementation of the Total Defense System could be examined from national food resilience and society empowerment factors. Total Defense System has to put people's roles at the forefront by guaranteeing the availability of necessities. By doing so, the people's loyalty in both national defense and the Total Defense System will improve along with people’s welfare improvement.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) on the dynamics of COVID-19: A mathematical modelling study of the case of Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259874
Author(s):  
Bedilu Alamirie Ejigu ◽  
Manalebish Debalike Asfaw ◽  
Lisa Cavalerie ◽  
Tilahun Abebaw ◽  
Mark Nanyingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020 and by November 14, 2020 there were 53.3M confirmed cases and 1.3M reported deaths in the world. In the same period, Ethiopia reported 102K cases and 1.5K deaths. Effective public health preparedness and response to COVID-19 requires timely projections of the time and size of the peak of the outbreak. Currently, Ethiopia under the COVAX facility has begun vaccinating high risk populations but due to vaccine supply shortages and the absence of an effective treatment, the implementation of NPIs (non-pharmaceutical interventions), like hand washing, wearing face coverings or social distancing, still remain the most effective methods of controlling the pandemic as recommended by WHO. This study proposes a modified Susceptible Exposed Infected and Recovered (SEIR) model to predict the number of COVID-19 cases at different stages of the disease under the implementation of NPIs at different adherence levels in both urban and rural settings of Ethiopia. To estimate the number of cases and their peak time, 30 different scenarios were simulated. The results indicated that the peak time of the pandemic is different in urban and rural populations of Ethiopia. In the urban population, under moderate implementation of three NPIs the pandemic will be expected to reach its peak in December, 2020 with 147,972 cases, of which 18,100 are symptomatic and 957 will require admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Among the implemented NPIs, increasing the coverage of wearing masks by 10% could reduce the number of new cases on average by one-fifth in urban-populations. Varying the coverage of wearing masks in rural populations minimally reduces the number of cases. In conclusion, the models indicate that the projected number of hospital cases during the peak time is higher than the Ethiopian health system capacity. To contain symptomatic and ICU cases within the health system capacity, the government should pay attention to the strict implementation of the existing NPIs or impose additional public health measures.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COVID -19 PANDEMIC ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Md. Shahbub Alam ◽  
Md. Jafor Ali ◽  
Abul Bashar Bhuiyan ◽  
Mohammad Solaiman ◽  
Mohammad Abdur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Since the outburst of Covid-19 in China, the world economy is passing in a turmoil situation. Undeniably the economy of Bangladesh is also grappled by the severe public health crisis of the Covid-19. As the public health emergency is heavily interconnected with economic affairs, it has impacted each of the pillars of the economy of Bangladesh. The main purpose of this paper is to make evaluations of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of Bangladesh.  This study is based on an empirical review of the recent study works, reports, working papers of home, and abroad regarding economic crisis. The review findings of the paper revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic have significant impacts on the different indicators of the economy of Bangladesh especially, Readymade Garments Sector, Foreign Remittance, Bank and Financial Institutions, Food and Agricultures, Local Trade, Foreign Trade (Export and Import), GDP (Gross Domestic Product), SDGs (Sustainable Development Goal), Government Revenue and Employment etc. This study suggested that as Covid-19 still surfacing all over the world so some steps should be ensured by the government agencies of Bangladesh to mitigate possible threats for the economy.

scholarly journals Public Health, Socioeconomic Responses, and associated Challenges against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Idris Nasir Abdullahi ◽  
Anthony Uchenna Emeribe ◽  
Peter Elisha Ghamba ◽  
Musa Sani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
The World ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Health Challenge

For over 6 months of its emergence, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has resulted to unprecedented global health challenge and economic uncertainties. The pandemic swiftly disseminated to almost all the countries and territories of the world. The index case in Nigeria was imported by an Italian citizen on February 27, 2020. Typical of a novel respiratory tract viral infection, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria was slow in the first few days. However, as at 8:00 AM GMT+1, July 1, 2020, there were 25694 confirmed COVID-19 cases. With the continuous daily rise in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, enhanced surveillance programs were immediately activated and implemented in all parts of Nigeria. Even though an inadequate number of persons have been tested so far, the government of Nigeria has been activating public health laboratories to scale up its testing capacity. Due to the impact of partial lockdown and curfew in most states of Nigeria, the government has been able to provide some form of palliatives to vulnerable populations. This study aims to review and present the various public health and socioeconomic responses and challenges of the COVID19 pandemic in Nigeria. This reflects the efforts and successful steps taken to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria.  

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) on the dynamics of COVID-19: A mathematical modelling study in the case of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedilu Alamirie Ejigu ◽  
Manalebish Debalike Asfaw ◽  
Lisa Cavalerie ◽  
Tilahun Abebaw ◽  
Mark Nanyingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractThe World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020 and by November 14, 2020 there were 53.3M confirmed cases and 1.3M reported deaths in the world. In the same period, Ethiopia reported 102K cases and 1.5K deaths. Effective public health preparedness and response to COVID-19 requires timely projections of the time and size of the peak of the outbreak. Currently, in the absence of vaccine or effective treatment, the implementation of NPIs (non-pharmaceutical interventions), like hand washing, wearing face coverings or social distancing, is recommended by WHO to bring the pandemic under control. This study proposes a modified Susceptible Exposed Infected and Recovered (SEIR) model to predict the number of COVID-19 cases at different stages of the disease under the implementation of NPIs with different adherence levels in both urban and rural settings of Ethiopia. To estimate the number of cases and their peak time, 30 different scenarios were simulated. The results reveal that the peak time of the pandemic is different in urban and rural populations of Ethiopia. In the urban population, under moderate implementation of three NPIs the pandemic will be expected to reach its peak in December, 2020 with 147,972 cases, of which 18,100 are symptomatic and 957 will require admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Among the implemented NPIs, increasing the coverage of wearing masks by 10% could reduce the number of new cases on average by one-fifth in urban-populations. Varying the coverage of wearing masks in rural populations minimally reduces the number of cases. In conclusion, the projection result reveals that the projected number of hospital cases is higher than the Ethiopian health system capacity during the peak time. To contain symptomatic and ICU cases within health system capacity, the government should give attention to the strict implementation of the existing NPIs or impose additional public health measures.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

scholarly journals To stop or not to stop ‘culture’: determining the essential behavior of the government, church and public in fighting against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalmacito A Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Health It ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church

Abstract Culture is a way of life. A recent correspondence emphasizes that it is a contributory factor in combatting the COVID-19 pandemic, and this must be considered by each government around the world. However, I argue that various elements in culture do not need to stop or else it will create public outrage. I therefore propose a win–win solution for both parties with the inclusion of the church that can serve as a framework for the sake of public health. It is primarily based on a kind of behavior that is needed to be embodied by the involved groups—‘supportive’ government, ‘creative’ church and an ‘adaptive’ public. These essential behaviors of all groups are possible to embody for a successful implementation of public health.

scholarly journals 13.D. Workshop: SDGs in the focus of environmental and health issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental And Health Issues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This workshop is dedicated on SDGs in the focus of environmental and health issues, as very important and actual topic. One of the characteristics of today's societies is the significant availability of modern technologies. Over 5 billion (about 67%) people have a cellphone today. More than 4.5 billion people worldwide use the Internet, close to 60% of the total population. At the same time, one third of the people in the world does not have access to safe drinking water and half of the population does not have access to safe sanitation. The WHO at UN warns of severe inequalities in access to water and hygiene. Air, essential to life, is a leading risk due to ubiquitous pollution and contributes to the global disease burden (7 million deaths per year). Air pollution is a consequence of traffic and industry, but also of demographic trends and other human activities. Food availability reflects global inequality, famine eradication being one of the SDGs. The WHO warns of the urgency. As technology progresses, social inequality grows, the gap widens, and the environment continues to suffer. Furthermore, the social environment in societies is “ruffled” and does not appear to be beneficial toward well-being. New inequalities are emerging in the availability of technology, climate change, education. The achievement reports on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also point out to the need of reviewing individual indicators. According to the Sustainable Development Agenda, one of the goals is to reduce inequalities, and environmental health is faced by several specific goals. The Global Burden of Disease is the most comprehensive effort to date to measure epidemiological levels and trends worldwide. It is the product of a global research collaborative and quantifies the impact of hundreds of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in countries around the world. This workshop will also discuss Urban Health as a Complex System in the light of SDGs. Climate Change, Public Health impacts and the role of the new digital technologies is also important topic which is contributing to SDG3, improving health, to SDG4, allowing to provide distance health education at relatively low cost and to SDG 13, by reducing the CO2 footprint. Community Engagement can both empower vulnerable populations (so reducing inequalities) and identify the prior environmental issues to be addressed. The aim was to search for public health programs using Community Engagement tools in healthy environment building towards achievement of SDGs. Key messages Health professionals are involved in the overall process of transformation necessary to achieve the SDGs. Health professionals should be proactive and contribute to the transformation leading to better health for the environment, and thus for the human population.

scholarly journals Ballast water: a review of the impact on the world public health

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Takahashi ◽  
NGGS Lourenço ◽  
TF Lopes ◽  
VLM Rall ◽  
CAM Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Employment Opportunities And Human Resources Development In Digital Era: A Case Study In Industrial Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Devi Asiati ◽  
Gutomo Bayu Aji ◽  
Vanda Ningrum ◽  
Ngadi Ngadi ◽  
Triyono Triyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Machine Replacement ◽  
The Impact

Transformation of digitalization in large industries has an impact on the automation of production equipment, including the replacement of production machines from conventional machines (manual) to digital machines. Meanwhile, automation of production equipment requires workers with higher skills, in fact the existing workforce does not have expertise in carrying out all-digital equipment. The impact is a reduction in labor (layoffs). Machine replacement is done in stages so that the reduction of workforce (PHK) in bulk is not visible. However, the inconsistency between the preparation in the world of education and the needs in the world of work continues to occur today. Until now, vocational development based on local resources has not been operating optimally and needs serious attention from the local government. The government on various occasions mentioned four leading sectors that will be strengthened in the development of vocational institutions, namely maritime, tourism, agriculture (food security), and the creative industry. In addition, the government is also developing a policy scheme for Skill Development Funds (SDF), which is a skills improvement program for workers affected by automation (PHK), including through Vocational Training Center (BLK).

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Pekerja Perempuan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Conie Pania Putri
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Relationship ◽  
The Government ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods

The world is currently being faced by a global covid-19 pandemic, including in Indonesia this pandemic is very disturbing to the public. Manpower development must be regulated in such a way that basic rights and protections for workers are fulfilled, especially for women workers so as to create conducive conditions. The purpose of this paper is to find out the policies issued by companies for workers, especially women workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. This writing method is library research, which is a series of research related to library data collection methods, or research where the object of research is excavated through a variety of library information. The results obtained in this paper are that the company policies that terminate employment of women during the Covid-19 pandemic are protected by Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, the losses caused by the company have not reached 2 years, the company cannot simply terminate the work relationship, Then there needs to be other efforts provided by companies or the government in overcoming the impact of Covid-19 on laid-off workers so that they can limit working time / overtime and workers can be sent home without breaking the work relationship The suggestion is expected that the government should supervise and act decisively against companies that employ female workers.

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