scholarly journals Temperature impact on dusty and cleaned photovoltaic module exposed in sub-Saharan outdoor conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N'detigma Kata ◽  
Y. Moussa Soro ◽  
Djicknoum Diouf ◽  
Arouna Darga ◽  
A. Seidou Maiga
Keyword(s):  
Standard Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Single Junction ◽  
Irradiation Level ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Module Performance

In this work, impacts of temperature and dust cleaning on photovoltaic module performance operating in sub-Saharan's climate are investigated. Two single junction technologies, monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon, and one micromorph (amorphous/micrystalline) thin film silicon tandem technology are considered. We have recorded at the same time under real operating conditions, the module temperature and the current versus voltage characteristics of each module, and the local solar irradiation. All the measurements were performed with the outdoor monitoring and test facility located at Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. The results show the drop of generated power of dusty modules for the same irradiation level. Between April and June (where temperatures are higher) a significant drop of output power is observed, despite a daily cleaning. Furthermore, performance losses are observed for all technologies compared to that under standard test conditions. However, the micromorph silicon tandem technology with low temperature sensitivity present the less losses in performance compared to the monocrystalline and the polycrystalline single junction modules, even if the modules are not cleaned.

scholarly journals A model for predicting photovoltaic module performances

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1914
Author(s):  
Nadia Bouaziz ◽  
Arezki Benfdila ◽  
Ahcene Lakhlef
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Mathematical Expressions

The present paper deals with the development of a simulation model for predicting the performances of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system operating under current meteorological conditions at the site location. The proposed model is based on the cell equivalent circuit including a photocurrent source, a diode, a series and shunt resistances. Mathematical expressions developed for modeling the PV generator performances are based on current-voltage characteristic of the considered modules. The developed model allows the prediction of PV cell (module) behavior under different physical and environmental parameters. The model can be extended to extract physical parameters for a given solar PV module as a function of temperature and solar irradiation. A typical 260 W solar panel developed by LG Company was used for model evaluation using Newton-Raphson approach under MATLAB environment in order to analyze its behavior under actual operating conditions. Comparison of our results with data taken from the manufacturer’s datasheet shows good agreement and confirms the validity of our model. Hence, the proposed approach can be an alternative to extract different parameters of any PV module to study and predict its performances.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE BASED ANALYSIS THE SPECIFIC VARIATION OF PV MODULE

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mohsin Ali Koondhar ◽  
Irfan Ali Channa ◽  
Sadullah Chandio ◽  
Muhammad Ismail Jamali ◽  
Abdul Sami Channa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Module Efficiency

The effect of irradiance and increase of temperature on the back surface of the PV module would decrease the standardized efficiency of PV. To overcome this problem observed results of solar module (ORSM) and Newton Raphson’s (iterative) methods have been proposed in this research. This article compares ORSM and iterative methods of changing the specifications of a single diode model (SDM) extracted from a PV module beneath standard test conditions (STC) to calculate irradiance and various operating conditions. To make this comparison, the exact value of each diode parameter on the STC is essential. These are achieved by accepted algebraic values and iterative techniques. Newton Raphson’s technique has been proven to be the mainly precise method to find these specifications in STC. Therefore, these specifications are used to different techniques that change the parameters of an SDM with radiation and temperature. The MATLAB model is designed to assess the conducting of individual techniques by PVM. The results are compared with the measured data, and the accuracy of photovoltaic module efficiency has been achieved through different technologies at different temperature and insolation levels.

Universiti Tenaga Nasional Short Duration Hypersonic Test Facility: Calibration and Verification

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Al-Falahi ◽  
T. Yusaf ◽  
M. Z. Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Governing Equations

The first phase of this paper is aimed to develop a standard test procedure for short-duration hypersonic test facility that build at the Universiti Tenaga Nasional “UNITEN” in Malaysia. The facility has been designed, built, and commissioned for different values of diaphragm pressure ratios. A theoretical model was developed to evaluate the Mach number values as a function of diaphragm pressure ratio for different working fluids. The second phase is to run experimental tests for different operating conditions. The calculated parameters which are pressure, temperature and velocity were very comparable to the practical results. A high precision in house made thermocouple was used to measure the temperature profile during the facility operation. A numerical transient heat transfer mathematical model was developed to evaluate the heat flux from the surface temperature history. The principle of operation and the reasoning behind building such a facility are explained, and the governing equations for the shock tube are presented.

scholarly journals Adjusting the Single-Diode Model Parameters of a Photovoltaic Module with Irradiance and Temperature

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Anani ◽  
Haider Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Parameter Modification

This paper presents a concise discussion and an investigation of the most literature-reported methods for modifying the lumped-circuit parameters of the single-diode model (SDM) of a photovoltaic (PV) module, to suit the prevailing climatic conditions of irradiance and temperature. These parameters provide the designer of a PV system with an essential design and simulation tool to maximize the efficiency of the system. The parameter modification methods were tested using three commercially available PV modules of different PV technologies, namely monocrystalline, multicrystalline, and thin film types. The SDM parameters of the three test modules were extracted under standard test conditions (STC) using a well-established numerical technique. Using these STC parameters as reference values, the parameter adjustment methods were subsequently deployed to calculate the modified parameters of the SDM under various operating conditions of temperature and irradiance using MATLAB-based software. The accuracy and effectiveness of these methods were evaluated by a comparison between the calculated and measured values of the modified parameters.

New Modular Test Rig for Unsteady Performance Assessment of Automotive Turbocharger Turbines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lyttek ◽  
Harald Roclawski ◽  
Martin Böhle ◽  
Marc Gugau
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Inflow Conditions

Standard test rigs for basic research on turbochargers usually do not provide the capability of periodically changing, instantaneous process values, which are characteristic for the real application of these turbines. The challenge of testing the performance potential of turbocharger turbines under pulsating inflow conditions is mainly originated by the complex compatibility of two main issues that need to be implemented at a test facility: Firstly, a special device is required that reproducibly provides real engine-like exhaust gas pulsations with some variability representing different engine operating conditions. Secondly, appropriate real time measurement techniques for all significant transient values are required to measure both, instantaneous turbine inflow conditions and turbine power output. This paper presents a new developed test rig that enables a preferably high overlap between the above mentioned supply of approximately real engine exhaust gas conditions and the fundamental and scientifically based attempt of unsteady gas flow examinations.

scholarly journals Solar cell efficiency divergence due to operating spectrum variation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey S Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Single Spectrum ◽  
Single Junction ◽  
Cell Parameters

A limitation in the performance rating of solar cells and modules is that they are tested using a single value for the solar spectrum. To map the performance expected under the varying spectra found in operating conditions, solar cell efficiencies have been evaluated using solar spectra generated by the National Solar Radiation Database, applied to confirmed record-efficiency cell parameters. Nine solar cell types (single-junction and multijunction) are evaluated using spectra at more than forty locations, spanning 76° of latitude and 150° of longitude, at hourly intervals over a year. Relative to the standard test efficiency, increases in annual operating efficiency are seen in cadmium telluride and (single-junction) perovskite designs, while efficiency decreases are observed in two-terminal multijunction structures. Though silicon exhibits the least variation, its -3% to +2% range is equivalent to 20° C of temperature variation. This divergence in operating efficiencies indicates that evaluation using a single spectrum is not a sufficient basis for comparison, or prediction of energy yield in operation. Application of additional “operating spectra,” to supplement the standard test spectrum, is proposed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Power Generation for Solar Photovoltaic Module with Various Internal Cell Spacing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6364
Author(s):  
June Raymond L. Mariano ◽  
Yun-Chuan Lin ◽  
Mingyu Liao ◽  
Herchang Ay
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Engineering Software ◽  
Internal Cell ◽  
Cell Spacing ◽  
Pv Module

Photovoltaic (PV) systems directly convert solar energy into electricity and researchers are taking into consideration the design of photovoltaic cell interconnections to form a photovoltaic module that maximizes solar irradiance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cell spacing effect of light diffusion on output power. In this work, the light absorption of solar PV cells in a module with three different cell spacings was studied. An optical engineering software program was used to analyze the reflecting light on the backsheet of the solar PV module towards the solar cell with varied internal cell spacing of 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm. Then, assessments were performed under standard test conditions to investigate the power output of the PV modules. The results of the study show that the module with an internal cell spacing of 8 mm generated more power than 5 mm and 2 mm. Conversely, internal cell spacing from 2 mm to 5 mm revealed a greater increase of power output on the solar PV module compared to 5 mm to 8 mm. Furthermore, based on the simulation and experiment, internal cell spacing variation showed that the power output of a solar PV module can increase its potential to produce more power from the diffuse reflectance of light.

Experimental Inverstigations On the Pressure Fluctuations in the Sealing Gap of Dry Gas Seals with Embedded Pressure Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Luo ◽  
Dieter Brillert
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Mechanical Seals ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Sealing Gap

Abstract Dry gas lubricated non-contacting mechanical seals (DGS), most commonly found in centrifugal compressors, prevent the process gas flow into the atmosphere. Especially when high speed is combined with high pressure, DGS is the preferred choice over other sealing alternatives. In order to investigate the flow field in the sealing gap and to facilitate the numerical prediction of the seal performance, a dedicated test facility is developed to carry out the measurement of key parameters in the gas film. Gas in the sealing film varies according to the seal inlet pressure, and the thickness of gas film depends on this fluctuated pressure. In this paper, the test facility, measurement methods and the first results of static pressure measurements in the sealing gap of the DGS obtained in the described test facility are presented. An industry DGS with three-dimensional grooves on the surface of the rotating ring, where experimental investigations take place, is used. The static pressure in the gas film is measured, up to 20 bar and 8,100 rpm, by several high frequency ultraminiature pressure transducers embedded into the stationary ring. The experimental results are discussed and compared with the numerical model programmed in MATLAB, the characteristic and magnitude of which have a good agreement with the numerical simulations. It suggests the feasibility of measuring pressure profiles of the standard industry DGS under pressurized dynamic operating conditions without altering the key components of the seal and thereby affecting the seal performance.

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