scholarly journals The study of the impact of genetically modified soybean imports on China's food safety management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
YinTong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Current System ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
The Impact

With the widespread application of genetically modified technology, the proportion of genetically modified crops in the food sector has gradually increased. Of all of China's imported crops, genetically modified soybeans account for more than 75%. However, the safety issue associated with daily consumption, the contamination issue related to planting, as well as the attendant scientific and ethical issues have posed new challenges to the regulatory system of food safety of China. By examining the judicial and administrative management cases concerned, this author finds that the power to exercise effective safety control in regard to Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) rests with the low tier of government under the current system. In addition, the managerial measures are not well defined and targeted. The rules and regulations of China apparently fall short of the standards required of by international treaties. As a result, it is imperative for the higher tier of government to be empowered to handle the management of GMO and fine-tune the management and make some useful improvements. It is also necessary for Chinese authorities to devise a targeted system and make Chinese rules and regulations move closer to international treaties.

Correcting Misperceptions About Genetically Modified Food on Social Media: Examining the Impact of Experts, Social Media Heuristics, and the Gateway Belief Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 107554702098137
Author(s):  
Leticia Bode ◽  
Emily K. Vraga ◽  
Melissa Tully
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Genetically Modified Food ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Gm Food ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Impact

We experimentally test whether expert organizations on social media can correct misperceptions of the scientific consensus on the safety of genetically modified (GM) food for human consumption, as well as what role social media cues, in the form of “likes,” play in that process. We find expert organizations highlighting scientific consensus on GM food safety reduces consensus misperceptions among the public, leading to lower GM misperceptions and boosting related consumption behaviors in line with the gateway belief model. Expert organizations’ credibility may increase as a result of correction, but popularity cues do not seem to affect misperceptions or credibility.

Welfare Phenotyping of Genetically-Modified Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Margaret Rose
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Matters Of Concern ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gm Animals ◽  
The Impact

Technologies that enable the targeted manipulation of the genome have created new opportunities to study the role and interplay of specific genes in both the regulation and function of physiological and behavioural processes and in the development of pathological conditions. Despite the potential benefits, there are ethical issues in relation to the application of these technologies, some of which relate to the impact on the welfare of the animals involved. Matters of concern include the methods involved in the derivation and production of genetically-modified (GM) animals and resulting phenotypes, where animal welfare is compromised. In the case of the latter, this may be the predicted consequence of the genetic modification, but the occurrence of unforeseen animal welfare complications is a major challenge in the management of GM animals. There has been a rapid escalation in the development of new GM lines, most of them involving mice. Databases of available lines have been developed by national and international consortia, and researchers have developed standard protocols to describe the phenotype of a new line; increasingly, such data are entered into these databases. The inclusion of animal welfare assessments with these data would provide a powerful and sophisticated tool to promote refinement. The scope, level and frequency of monitoring would facilitate the identification of unpredicted effects and the management of humane endpoints, and would identify opportunities to manage the animals so as to ameliorate negative impacts. Furthermore, by highlighting the subtleties of gene–environment interactions, such data have wider implications in achieving the goals of refinement.

Food Safety Traceability Mechanism from the Perspective of Sustainable Development of E-Commerce Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4621-4644
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Wenan Pan ◽  
Jian He
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Point System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Food safety issues were related to residents’ consumption and health, but also related to the sustainable development of the e-commerce industry. With the rapid development of e-commerce and the continuous improvement of the consumption level of urban and rural residents, food safety issues present new risks and hidden dangers. Methods: This article’s research on the information traceability of food safety in the e-commerce environment will help improve the relevant research system and provide reference for relevant policy formulation. Based on the definition of related concepts and connotations, it constructs a theoretical and logical framework for the retrospective research of food safety information in an e-commerce environment, analyzes the path of food safety issues, and comprehensively analyzes the behavior selection and decision-making of food safety related stakeholders. Results: According to the research on the management and control mechanism of the impact of e-commerce on food safety, it is proposed that e-commerce can help improve the level of food safety control. Based on the results of the supervision and random inspection of e-commerce food safety samples, the current situation, and risks problems of food safety in the e-commerce environment are analyzed with combining the questionnaire survey data. Conclusion: The article built a food safety key traceability point system, determined the key traceability points of food safety in the e-commerce environment through AHP method, provided theoretical references for improving the food safety information traceability research in the e-commerce environment, and put forward corresponding policy recommendations.

Food Safety Security: A new Concept for Enhancing Food Safety Measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Iyengar ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
The Impact

The food safety security (FSS) concept is perceived as an early warning system for minimizing food safety (FS) breaches, and it functions in conjunction with existing FS measures. Essentially, the function of FS and FSS measures can be visualized in two parts: (i) the FS preventive measures as actions taken at the stem level, and (ii) the FSS interventions as actions taken at the root level, to enhance the impact of the implemented safety steps. In practice, along with FS, FSS also draws its support from (i) legislative directives and regulatory measures for enforcing verifiable, timely, and effective compliance; (ii) measurement systems in place for sustained quality assurance; and (iii) shared responsibility to ensure cohesion among all the stakeholders namely, policy makers, regulators, food producers, processors and distributors, and consumers. However, the functional framework of FSS differs from that of FS by way of: (i) retooling the vulnerable segments of the preventive features of existing FS measures; (ii) fine-tuning response systems to efficiently preempt the FS breaches; (iii) building a long-term nutrient and toxicant surveillance network based on validated measurement systems functioning in real time; (iv) focusing on crisp, clear, and correct communication that resonates among all the stakeholders; and (v) developing inter-disciplinary human resources to meet ever-increasing FS challenges. Important determinants of FSS include: (i) strengthening international dialogue for refining regulatory reforms and addressing emerging risks; (ii) developing innovative and strategic action points for intervention {in addition to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) procedures]; and (iii) introducing additional science-based tools such as metrology-based measurement systems.

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

The Changing Nature of Knowledge and Service Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-368
Author(s):  
Crispin Coombs ◽  
Donald Hislop ◽  
Stanimira Taneva ◽  
Sarah Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

One of the most significant recent technological developments concerns the application of intelligent machines to jobs that up to now have been considered safe from automation. These changes have generated considerable debate regarding the impacts that the widespread adoption of intelligent machines could have on the nature of work. This chapter provides a thematic review, across multiple academic disciplines, of the current state of academic knowledge regarding the impact of intelligent machines on knowledge and service work. Adopting a work-practice perspective, the chapter reviews the extant literature concerning changing relations between workers and intelligent machines, the adoption and acceptance of intelligent machines, and ethical issues associated with greater machine human collaboration. A key finding is that much of the research discusses intelligent machines complementing and extending human capabilities rather than removing humans from work processes. The concept of augmentation of humans and human work, rather than wholesale replacement from automation, flows through the literature across a range of domains. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the main gaps in existing knowledge and ways in which future research may provide a deeper understanding of how people (currently and in the near future) experience intelligent machines in their day-to-day work practice. These include the need for multi-disciplinary research, the role of contexts, the need for more and better empirical research, the changing relationships between humans and intelligent machines, the adoption and acceptance of the technology, and ethical issues.

scholarly journals Heuristic and systematic processing differentially influence the effects of scientific consensus messaging on perceived scientific consensus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Presentation Style ◽  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Gm Food ◽  
Gm Foods ◽  
Systematic Processing ◽  
Content Evaluation ◽  
Consensus Information ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of scientific consensus messaging on perceived scientific consensus in terms of heuristic and systematic processing. Japanese undergraduates (N = 226) received a message indicating relatively moderate and high levels of scientific consensus on the safety of foods grown with pesticides and genetically modified (GM) foods. Participants in the presentation-style evaluation condition evaluated the style and manner of providing the message and thereby were encouraged to heuristically process information about scientific consensus in the message. Participants in the content evaluation condition evaluated the message content and therefore could process the information systematically. After evaluating the message, participants’ perceptions of scientific consensus improved. The levels of posteriorly perceived scientific consensus were higher for the presentation-style evaluation condition than for the content evaluation condition. Participants’ initial beliefs about the GM-food safety predicted their posterior perceptions of scientific consensus for the content evaluation condition but not for the presentation-style evaluation condition. These results suggest that the heuristic and systematic processing of scientific consensus information differentially influence the impact of scientific consensus messaging.

scholarly journals Reliability Assessment of a Multi-State HVDC System by Combining Markov and Matrix-Based Methods

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Roberto Benato ◽  
Antonio Chiarelli ◽  
Sebastian Dambone Sessa
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Hvdc System ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to highlight that, in order to assess the availability of different HVDC cable transmission systems, a more detailed characterization of the cable management significantly affects the availability estimation since the cable represents one of the most critical elements of such systems. The analyzed case study consists of a multi-terminal direct current system based on both line commutated converter and voltage source converter technologies in different configurations, whose availability is computed for different transmitted power capacities. For these analyses, the matrix-based reliability estimation method is exploited together with the Monte Carlo approach and the Markov state space one. This paper shows how reliability analysis requires a deep knowledge of the real installation conditions. The impact of these conditions on the reliability evaluation and the involved benefits are also presented.

scholarly journals Ethics of Corporeal, Co-present Robots as Agents of Influence: a Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJung Moon ◽  
Shalaleh Rismani ◽  
H. F. Machiel Van der Loos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose of Review To summarize the set of roboethics issues that uniquely arise due to the corporeality and physical interaction modalities afforded by robots, irrespective of the degree of artificial intelligence present in the system. Recent Findings One of the recent trends in the discussion of ethics of emerging technologies has been the treatment of roboethics issues as those of “embodied AI,” a subset of AI ethics. In contrast to AI, however, robots leverage human’s natural tendency to be influenced by our physical environment. Recent work in human-robot interaction highlights the impact a robot’s presence, capacity to touch, and move in our physical environment has on people, and helping to articulate the ethical issues particular to the design of interactive robotic systems. Summary The corporeality of interactive robots poses unique sets of ethical challenges. These issues should be considered in the design irrespective of and in addition to the ethics of artificial intelligence implemented in them.

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