scholarly journals Exergo-economic cost accounting for PW4000 turbofan engine and its components

2020 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Hakan Aygun ◽  
Mehmet E. Cilgin ◽  
Onder Turan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Specific Thrust ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis

You The several series of PW4000 high bypass turbofan engine have used so far in many aircrafts. These commercial engines have played a crucial role on passenger and freight transportations. Namely, these engines are closely related to the environment impacts and security of energy supply. In this article, exergoeconomic analysis which is useful tool to investigate existing potential for improvement of the a system efficiency were carried out. The assesment, design and optimization of energy consuming systems are performed by means of these analyses. Therefore, thermo-economic costs were assigned to existing exergetic values of PW400 engine. Also exergo-economic performance parameters were evaluated. Finally, exergoeconomic deputy parameters were examined to understand relations with exergo-economic parameters. Based on the results of exergo-economics analysis, for Fan and exhaust, specific thrust costs are estimated 5.7051 $/hkN and 68.45$/hkN respectively. Also exergo-economics factor of PW4000 is found 7.958 % , while relative cost difference is determined at highest rate with 24.458 % for combustion chamber . With examination relations between economic variables and exergo-economic performance parameters, the change between 0.6 and 1.2 $/kg in the fuel price leads to increase the exhaust and fan specific thrust costs with 82.4701 $/hkN and 5.4332 $/hkN respectively. It is expected that conclusions of this study are helpful to notify exergo-economic impact of PW4000 engine Also, it may be benchmarking for similar gas turbine engines.

The aerothermodynamic cycle optimal design of a turbofan engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Boyang Chen ◽  
Haibo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Feasible Region ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Specific Thrust ◽  
Parameter Constraints ◽  
Cycle Parameter

Abstract To ensure that the aerothermodynamic cycle design of a turbofan engine is more accurate, efficient, and provide a reliable decision-making basis for engine designers, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) method was used to optimize the aerothermodynamic performance parameters of the turbofan engine at multiple design points (MDPs). Fuel consumption rate and the specific thrust were considered as optimization targets. The thrust requirements and cycle parameter constraints under each working state were comprehensively considered to obtain the optimal performance boundary of the engine, the corresponding cycle parameters, and the correlations between different requirements and constraints. The results showed that the MOPSO algorithm could accurately and completely obtain the optimal performance boundary surface of the engine in the feasible region and the corresponding cycle parameter value. The feasible region obtained by the aerothermodynamic cycle design at MDPs was more accurate and effective than the design at a single design point.

Optimal Control of Turbine Engines

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. DeHoff ◽  
W. Earl Hall
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Multivariable Control ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Modeling Techniques

Multivariable control design for turbine engines has been studied for over 20 years. In the last 10 years, the application of linear, optimal design techniques has produced a number of turbine engine controllers. A group of these design procedures is described and a discussion of the procedures’ performance, complexity and implementation is presented. The design of a full-envelope controller for the F100 turbofan engine based on linear, optimal synthesis and locally linear modeling techniques is discussed. A perspective of optimal control design for turbine engines is presented and the future is examined.

scholarly journals An Intelligent Marshalling Model for Enterprise Station Freight Railway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Guo ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
Zili Xie ◽  
Jiawei Wen ◽  
Nanshan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Energy Consuming

Railway marshalling and transportation is an important component of the production supply chain for large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Traditional inefficient manual-made marshalling plans usually are not optimal in time or energy consuming. An efficient method needs to be developed to find the optimal marshalling plans automatically. This paper mainly studies the railway train automatic marshalling in large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Based on the investigation at the train station of a certain enterprise, according to the railway track information, carriage information, and production task information, this paper designs the abstracted railway state definitions of the station. Then based on the state definitions, the scheduling rules, and the objective function of time cost and economic cost, this paper converts abstract scheduling instructions into a general railway automatic marshalling model which can be executed by computers. By introducing the greedy strategies into different situations to optimize the algorithm of tracks occupation, carriages selection and train path selection in the model, the planning efficiency can be improved while ensuring the economic benefits of the enterprises and the quality of the formation plan. The experimental results show that the proposed model can generate fewer marshalling plans and find the optimal one faster in most cases, which proves the feasibility and availability of the model.

Investigation of Fixed-Rake Sampling System for the Assessment of Emission Characteristics of Gas Turbine Engines

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Low ◽  
A. P. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Optimum Configuration ◽  
Compliance Testing ◽  
The Us

The regulations proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency to limit the quantity of pollutant gases emitted by aircraft engines allow the exhaust of engines submitted for compliance testing to be sampled by a fixed-multipoint rake. However, the onus is placed on the manufacturer to prove the representativeness of the samples taken in this relatively cheap fashion. To illustrate best possible accuracies, the exhaust of an M45H civil turbofan engine has hen extensively sampled and a computer program has been used to select the optimum configuration of a cruciform rake. The program demanded excellent agreement between the sampling methods and this proved to be the case in actual tests. However, the program also indicates that the errors of a simply designed rake giving area-weighted samples would also be less than 10%. Sampling in the FAA diamond pattern would give rise to a 20% error in CO emissions.

Entropy, Energy and Exergy for Measuring PW4000 Turbofan Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Aygun ◽  
Onder Turan
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Force ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Main Engine

Abstract This study focuses on for a PW4000 high-bypass turbofan engine using energy, exergo-sustainable and performance viewpoint. For this aim, irreversibility and performance analyses are firstly performed for five main engine components at ≈260 kN maximum take-off thrust force. Besides, overall efficiency of the turbofan is determined to be 33 %, while propulsive and thermal efficiency of the turbofan are 72 % and 46 % respectively at 0.8 M and 288.15 K flight conditions. Secondly, calculation component-based exergetic assessment is carried out using exergetic indicators. According to the calculation, the exergetic efficiency of the engine is 32 %, while its waste exergy ratio is 0.678. Furthermore, exergetic sustainability measure is obtained as 0.473, while enviromental effect factor is 2.112. These indicators are also anticipated to help comprehend the connection between engine performance parameters and worldwide dimensions such as environmental effect and sustainable growth.

Moisture Condensation Effect on Turbine Performance Tests

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Roumeliotis ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
Component Test ◽  
Moisture Condensation ◽  
Condensation Effect

Water is always present in the atmospheric air in the form of vapour, affecting the operation of turbomachinery components in gas turbine engines. Due to water presence in the working medium, condensation may occur, which can influence the thermal performance of the component and alter the measurements taken for calculations. This can lead to erroneous evaluation of component performance parameters during development performance tests. Procedures to detect condensation and if possible to correct the measurements during engine or component test should be used to avoid such situations. A method allowing the prediction of condensation and the correction of the measurements for low speed expansion is presented. The method is implemented in turbine testing measurements where condensation occurs and the results show that condensation may be predicted and its effects corrected.

scholarly journals Mathematical model of turbofan engine weight estimation taking into account the engine configuration and size

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
S. V. Avdeev
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Turbofan Engines ◽  
Structural Layout ◽  
Mixing Chamber

The paper presents a new correlation-regression model of estimating the turbofan engine weight considering the effect of the engines design schemes and dimensions. The purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency of the conceptual design process for aircraft gas turbine engines. Information on 183 modern turbofan engines was gathered using the available sources: publications, official websites, reference books etc. The statistic information included the values of the total engine air flow, the total turbine inlet gas temperature, the overall pressure ratio and the bypass ratio, as well as information on the structural layout of each engine. The engines and the related statistics were classified according to their structural layout and size. Size classification was based on the value of the compressor outlet air flow through the gas generator given by the parameters behind the compressor. Depending on the value of this criterion, the engines were divided into three groups: small-sized, medium-sized gas turbine engines, and large gas turbine engines. In terms of the structural layout, all engines were divided into three groups: turbofan engines without a mixing chamber, engines with a mixing chamber and afterburning turbofan engines. Statistical factors of the improved weight model were found for the respective groups of engines, considering their design and size. The coefficients of the developed model were determined by minimizing the standard deviations. Regression analysis was carried out to assess the quality of the developed model. The relative average error of approximation of the developed model was 8%, the correlation coefficient was 0,99, and the standard deviation was 10,2%. The model was found to be relevant and reliable according to Fisher's test. The obtained model can be used to assess the engine weight at the stage of conceptual design and for its optimization as part of an aircraft.

scholarly journals A Method for the Segregation of Emulsion Inner Phase Droplets Using Imbibition Process in Porous Material

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Mariola M. Błaszczyk ◽  
Łukasz Przybysz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Input ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Small Droplet ◽  
Dispersive Systems ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Energy Consuming

The process of forming an emulsion is an energy-consuming process. The smaller the internal phase droplets we want to produce and the closer the droplets are in size to each other (monodisperse), the more energy we need to put into the system. Generating energy carries a high economic cost, as well as a high environmental footprint. Considering the fact that dispersive systems are widely used in various fields of life, it is necessary to search for other, less-energy-intensive methods that will allow the creation of dispersive systems with adequate performance and minimal energy input. Therefore, an alternative way to obtain emulsions characterized by small droplet sizes was proposed by using an imbibition process in porous materials. By applying this technique, it was possible to obtain average droplet sizes at least half the size of the base emulsion while reducing the polydispersity by about 40%. Oil-in-water emulsions in which vegetable oil or kerosene is the oily phase were tested. The studies were carried out at three different volume concentrations of the emulsions. Detailed analyses of diameter distributions and emulsion concentrations are presented. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the method are presented and the potential for its application is indicated.

ENERGY SECURITY: TODAY AND TOMORROW

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Babita Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Purpose:To emphasize the importance of renewable and alternative energy, as nations become increasingly reliant on increasingly less available conventional energy sources. Simultaneously, the long-term and detrimental effects of such reliance is explored and quanitified so as to better justify investments into renewable, widely available, and less polluting energy sources.Design/Metholody/Approach:Data is collected from a variety of publicly available sources and their relevance is explored through contrast and comparison. The graphs and data used primarily focus on energy and energy consumption such as fuel pricing and exporting as well as the rate of fuel exporting by various nations.Findings:Based on the data analyzed, through the continuous use of fossil fuels, a country faces multiple challenges: depletion of fossil fuel reserves, global warming, environmental concerns, geopolitical and military conflicts and, of late, a continued and significant fuel price rise. The authors conclude these problems create an unsustainable situation and that without converting their energy sector to at least be in part less reliant on hydrocarbons and similar fuels and more reliant on more widely available and less polluting energy sources such as sunlight or geothermal energy a nation will inevitably face a catastrophic collapse of their energy sector.Research Limitations/Implications:Without cooperation of the governments of leading energy consuming nations in redeveloping their energy sector based on this or similar research, little of what has been explored can be widely applied. Consequently, the conclusions of this paper represent a single step in the process of redefining worldwide energy consumption rather than giving an explicit answer. Further research will be needed in order to most fully present an effective argument to the public sector, the private sector, and the common citizen that energy habits must be changed.Originality/value:The conclusions reached are an essential part to understanding the wide reaching effects of the world’s current energy habits. With the ever increasing threat of global warming, emptying fuel reserves, and unnecessary polluting and waste habits of most nation’s energy sectors, this research, along with the cited data, can aid in the redirection of such energy habits before a point of no return. 

Feasibility Study of Some Novel Concepts for High Bypass Ratio Turbofan Engines

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipanjay Dewanji ◽  
G. Arvind Rao ◽  
Jos van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Turbofan Engines ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Fan Blade ◽  
Bypass Ratio

The soaring fuel price and the burgeoning environmental concerns have compelled global research towards cleaner engines, aimed at substantial reduction in emission, noise and fuel consumption. In this context, the present research investigates the feasibility of some novel engine concepts, namely Geared Turbofan and Intercooled Recuperated Turbofan concepts, by hypothetically applying them into an existing state-of-the-art high bypass ratio engine. This paper made an effort to estimate the effects on the baseline engine performances due to the introduction of these two concepts into it. By performing steady state simulations, it was found that the incorporation of the Geared Turbofan concept into the existing Turbofan engine caused a significant reduction in thrust specific fuel consumption, engine weight, and fan blade tip speed. However, when simulations were also carried out by incorporating the Intercooler and Recuperator concept in the baseline turbofan engine, it did not demonstrate any substantial improvement in fuel consumption. It was observed that the fuel flow rate was influenced to a large extent by heat exchanger’s effectiveness and the pressure drop within it. The overall engine weight was also found to get increased due to the inclusion of massive heat exchangers necessary for the system.

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