scholarly journals Effect of Microstructure of Surface Layer in Steel Vessel Used for Sponge Titanium Manufacturing on Fe Elution

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 07005
Author(s):  
Meiji Watanabe ◽  
Kazuhiro Taki ◽  
Masanori Yamaguchi ◽  
Yosuke Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Steel Specimen ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Microstructure Change ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Sponge Titanium ◽  
Second Use

To make clear factors affecting Fe elution into molten Mg during sponge titanium production process and reasons why Fe elution from the steel vessel in the first use is high while it considerably reduces in the second use in the actual mill, immersion experiments into molten Mg at 950ºC were conducted using specially designed specimens simulating the first and the second uses of the vessel, and microstructure change of the steel during the use was investigated in detail. TiFe, TiFe2 and Ti-diffused steel layers formed on the surface of the steel specimen after the treatment similar to the first use of the vessel. The outermost portion of Ti-diffused steel contained 3mass% Ti, which should have transferred to the α phase at this temperature. Fe elution from TiFe and TiFe2 was almost zero, while Fe elution from Fe-3mass%Ti was 1/4 of that from the unused steel. By taking the information on the phases appeared on the surface of the actual vessel into account, Fe elution from the vessel at the second use was estimated as 1/16 of that at the first use, which is well consistent with the value in the actual production mill.

Factors Affecting the Decision to Apply Material Flows Cost Accounting MFCA in Thai Nguyen Steel Production Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Kim Huyen
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Legal Documents

Applying the Material Flows Cost Accounting method in Thai Nguyen steel enterprises is one of the solutions to improve the efficiency in the production process, using input materials, and environmental performance, as well as to measure more correctly the production costs based on the change of the price calculation basic. Identifying the factors which affect the decision on applying MFCA to the accounting process of Thai Nguyen steel production enterprises by a direct survey is carried out with 119 accountants and managers working at 13 steel enterprises. The results show that applying MFCA to the accounting process in these enterprises depends on the strategies, capacities, the accounting system of those enterprises, and the system of legal documents related to environmental accounting.

scholarly journals From Cheese-Making to Consumption: Exploring the Microbial Safety of Cheeses through Predictive Microbiology Models

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Arícia Possas ◽  
Olga María Bonilla-Luque ◽  
Antonio Valero
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Predictive Microbiology ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
User Friendly

Cheeses are traditional products widely consumed throughout the world that have been frequently implicated in foodborne outbreaks. Predictive microbiology models are relevant tools to estimate microbial behavior in these products. The objective of this study was to conduct a review on the available modeling approaches developed in cheeses, and to identify the main microbial targets of concern and the factors affecting microbial behavior in these products. Listeria monocytogenes has been identified as the main hazard evaluated in modelling studies. The pH, aw, lactic acid concentration and temperature have been the main factors contemplated as independent variables in models. Other aspects such as the use of raw or pasteurized milk, starter cultures, and factors inherent to the contaminating pathogen have also been evaluated. In general, depending on the production process, storage conditions, and physicochemical characteristics, microorganisms can grow or die-off in cheeses. The classical two-step modeling has been the most common approach performed to develop predictive models. Other modeling approaches, including microbial interaction, growth boundary, response surface methodology, and neural networks, have also been performed. Validated models have been integrated into user-friendly software tools to be used to obtain estimates of microbial behavior in a quick and easy manner. Future studies should investigate the fate of other target bacterial pathogens, such as spore-forming bacteria, and the dynamic character of the production process of cheeses, among other aspects. The information compiled in this study helps to deepen the knowledge on the predictive microbiology field in the context of cheese production and storage.

scholarly journals Continuous Electron Beam Post-Treatment of EBF3-Fabricated Ti–6Al–4V Parts

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Panin ◽  
Marina Kazachenok ◽  
Olga Perevalova ◽  
Sergey Martynov ◽  
Alexandra Panina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Martensite ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Outermost Surface

In the present study, the methods of optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction analysis gained insights into the mechanisms of surface finish and microstructure formation of Ti–6Al–4V parts during an EBF3-process. It was found that the slip band propagation within the outermost surface layer provided dissipation of the stored strain energy associated with martensitic transformations. The latter caused the lath fragmentation as well as precipitation of nanosized β grains and an orthorhombic martensite α″ phase at the secondary α lath boundaries of as-built Ti–6Al–4V parts. The effect of continuous electron beam post-treatment on the surface finish, microstructure, and mechanical properties of EBF3-fabricated Ti–6Al–4V parts was revealed. The brittle outermost surface layer of the EBF3-fabricated samples was melted upon the treatment, resulting in the formation of equiaxial prior β grains of 20 to 30 μm in size with the fragmented acicular α′ phase. Electron-beam irradiation induced transformations within the 70 μm thick molten surface layer and 500 μm thick heat affected zone significantly increased the Vickers microhardness and tensile strength of the EBF3-fabricated Ti–6Al–4V samples.

Using DOE for Implementation of Six Sigma to Reduce Non-Coaxiality Defect in Connecting Rods

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 1427-1430
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghian ◽  
Seyedeh Raana Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Significant Factors

This paper is intended to determine all significant factors affecting one of the most important characteristic of connecting rod that is coaxiality, in one of the main suppliers of this part in Middle East, in order to achieve the optimum combination and levels of these factors. By sampling the connecting rods produced under different levels of factors and combinations, and measurement of non-coaxiality, enough data is gathered. To determine meaningful impact of each intended factor and to specify all effective and ineffective factors, the authors have used DOE method. Achievement of best combination consists of affecting factors is defined through DMAIC cycle steps to reduce the non-coaxiality defect and to reach intended sigma values for the production process. According to the analysis of the results, better rate of non-coaxiality is obtained.

Movable Angle Cursor Positioning Ruler of Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 1251-1254
Author(s):  
Ting Hui Ma
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
New Type ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
Research And Design

In the actual production process in plane grinder, they often encounter processing with angle plane, and so with angle plane in the grinding before we must locate the workpiece, but in reality the plane grinding machine in the production process is the lack of it can accurately locate the workpiece tool, Therefore, in view of the above in the processing of the existence of the problem, research and design a new type of movable angle cursor positioning ruler, the following discusses the structure design.

Research and Implementation of the MES System in the Cold-Rolled Plant Based on ERP

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 573-576
Author(s):  
Kai Bi Zhang ◽  
Xiao Jin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Mes System

In the article, functional requirements need to be analyzed for Chongqing four manufacturing execution systems in cold-rolled steel production line. Combined with the idea of design of the system it can be proposed overall design of information systems and network topologies. Meanwhile, it can also be designed technology and production performance modules based the ERP system platform. Focus on design the production performance of functional modules and interface combined with 1450 actual production process. Production data to be collected need to be establishing the simulation model of the node .Do achieve the simulation of the actual production process. Meantime, the simulation data will be collected to the production performance module through the interface with the real-time database. Chongqing four steel companies as state Enterprises, it should be attached great importance to enterprise information. It has not basically realized the bottom of the production process control system, but also the initial establishment of the upper information management system. However, the underlying automation system and upper management information systems are not integrated. This situation seriously affects the application of effective information systems. The method can only deal with the current manual operations, which leads to the following series of questions: the basis of the data delay line failure; Based data acquisition product line transmission efficiency is low and error rate is high; Production site data scattered in many different processes link manually using the original production data acquisition and transmission are difficult to track products from production through to finished off the assembly line of the whole process; Top manufacturing information system based on production data can not directly access to hard to complete implementation of its functions. In response to these problems, Chongqing four steel companies build MES system, marketing integration, the information management systems and process control systems integration as a whole, and thus the implementation of ERP systems and decision support systems, and further enhance their core competitiveness.[1,7]

Optimization Design Based on DEFORM-3D Finite Element Analysis about Steel Rolling Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Ren ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Steel Rolling ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Actual Production

This paper took the high-speed wire rod rolling process of φ20 bar as the research object, to be simulated numerically under the work platform of the finite element software DEFORM. The simulation results were compared with the actual operation of the production process, the rolling simulation reappeared the actual production situation, realized the visualization of the rolling process. After analysis, the defects of rolling technology were found out. Based on the research, the optimum design was gotten and then simulated which improved the actual production process and avoided the original defects. The optimum design is feasible to practical production and reduce the cost of test in practice The paper just focused on the first one of 12 rolling process as an example to show the simulating process and results.

α Phase Forming on Surface Layer and Precipitating inside of a Ti-Mo Based Alloy Annealed in Air

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 1295-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Song ◽  
Chao Ying Xie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Phase Layer ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Α Phase

α-phase forming on the surface layer and precipitation of α-phase inside a Ti-Mo alloy during annealing in air has been investigated thermodynamically. α-phase layer is increased rapidly when annealing temperature exceeds 700°C. When the 850°C solution-treated specimen annealed at 400°C for 1 hour, there is no α-phase precipitates. As annealing temperature increased to 800°C, the amount of α-phase precipitates first increased to a maximum at 600°C, then decreased.

scholarly journals Penerapan Decision Tree J48 dan Reptree dalam Menentukan Prediksi Produksi Minyak Kelapa Sawit menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Tsukamoto

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Tundo Tundo ◽  
Shofwatul 'Uyun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Rule Making

<p>Penelitian ini menerangkan penerapan <em>decision tree</em> J48 dan REPTree dengan menggunakan metode <em>fuzzy Tsukamoto</em> dengan objek yang digunakan adalah penentuan jumlah produksi minyak kelapa sawit di perusahaan PT Tapiana Nadenggan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui <em>decision tree</em> mana yang hasilnya mendekati dari data sesungguhnya sehingga dapat digunakan untuk membantu memprediksi jumlah produksi minyak kelapa sawit di PT Tapiana Nadenggan ketika proses produksi belum diproses. Digunakannya <em>decision tree</em> J48 dan REPTree yaitu untuk mempercepat dalam pembuatan <em>rule </em>yang digunakan tanpa harus berkonsultasi dengan para pakar dalam menentukan <em>rule</em> yang digunakan. Dari data yang digunakan akurasi dari decision tree J48 adalah 95.2381%, sedangkan akurasi REPTree adalah 90.4762%, akan tetapi dalam kasus ini <em>decision tree</em> REPTree yang lebih tepat digunakan dalam proses prediksi produksi minyak kelapa sawit, karena di uji dengan data sesungguhnya pada bulan Maret tahun 2019 menggunakan REPTree diperoleh 16355835 liter, sedangkan menggunakan J48 diperoleh 11844763 liter, dimana data produksi sesungguhnya sebesar 17920000 liter. Sehingga dapat ditemukan suatu kesimpulan bahwa untuk kasus ini data produksi yang mendekati dengan data sesungguhnya adalah REPTree, meskipun akurasi yang diperoleh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan J48.</p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><div><p><em>This study explains the application of the J48 and REPTree decision tree using the fuzzy Tsukamoto method with the object used is the determination of the amount of palm oil production in the company PT Tapiana Nadenggan with the aim of knowing which decision tree the results are close to the actual data so that it can be used to help predict the amount palm oil production at PT Tapiana Nadenggan when the production process has not been processed. The use of the J48 and REPTree decision tree is to speed up the rule making that is used without having to consult with experts in determining the rules used. From the data used the accuracy of the J48 decision tree is 95.2381%, while the REPTree accuracy is 90.4762%, but in this case the REPTree decision tree is more appropriate to be used in the prediction process of palm oil production, because it is tested with actual data in March 2019 uses REPTree obtained 16355835 liters, while using J48 obtained 11844763 liters, where the actual production data is 179,20000 liters. So that it can be found a conclusion that for this case the production data approaching the actual data is REPTree, even though the accuracy obtained is smaller compared to J48.</em></p></div><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

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