scholarly journals Experimental Verification of the Performance of the Floor Cooling System in Comparison with the Ceiling Cooling System While Maintaining Thermal Comfort in the Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Pavol Mičko ◽  
Andrej Kapjor ◽  
Šimon Kubas ◽  
Martin Vantúch
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Right ◽  
Floor System

The trend of constantly increasing energy prices can be observed especially in the increased demands on the thermal insulation properties of building structures. The possibilities of reducing the energy intensity of residential buildings also include the right choice of technology for heating, cooling and hot water preparation. Different cooling systems have different proportions of convection and radiant components. This results in a variety of temperature profiles, and thus also directly affect the quality of the environment in terms of thermal comfort. For efficient heating, it is therefore best to choose a cooling system with a minimum temperature gradient in both the horizontal and vertical directions. At the same time, however, the investment costs for the cooling system must be considered. From this point of view, it seems to be most advantageous to use one system for both heating and cooling. From the point of view of comfort, the most suitable choice of cooling system is ceiling cooling. On the contrary, this system is less suitable for heating compared to the floor system. Therefore, if you are considering the design of a system that will be the greater part of the operation for heating the building and during the summer months will be used to increase thermal comfort by cooling in buildings with lower heat loads [1].

Selection of Material Base of External Wall in Term of Thermal Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Kamil Binek ◽  
Juraj Žilinský
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, the residential buildings are highly demands in every aspect. From technical point of view, it is necessary to observe required thermal performance of buildings structures, which are included in the Slovak technical standard STN 73 0540-2, 31:a) boundary conductance (thermal resistance) b) the internal surface temperature of the building structure c) the amount of condensed and evaporated water vapor in building structures for a year d) heat absorption capacity of floor structure e) annual energy needs for heating f) thermal stability of locality [1]Accomplishment of those requirements should ensure thermal comfort in the living rooms of the building. Thermal comfort is commonly defined as a feeling of satisfaction with the thermal aspects of environment, in which the person does not feel hot or cold. This definition means, that the user does not wish hotter or colder environment. [2]. This feeling of thermal comfort can only be achieved, by optimal design of the entire building, in which they will not neglect the broader relationships as: orientation or building location on the land. Of course it is very important to design cover construction well, as thermal performance view as material base view, where should we make provision for thermal loss, phase change, thermal accumulation etc.

scholarly journals Building Retrofit and Energy Conservation/Efficiency Review: A Techno-Environ-Economic Assessment of Heat Pump System Retrofit in Housing Stock

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Mustapha Mukhtar ◽  
Bismark Ameyaw ◽  
Nasser Yimen ◽  
Quixin Zhang ◽  
Olusola Bamisile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Air Conditioners

The world has not been able to achieve minimum greenhouse gas emissions in buildings’ energy consumptions because the energy and emissions optimization techniques have not been fully utilized. Thermal comfort is one of the most important issues for both residential and commercial buildings. Out of the 40% of global energy consumed by buildings, a large fraction is used to maintain their thermal comfort. In this study, a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in building energy conservation and efficiency application is presented based on existing high-quality research papers. Additionally, the retrofit of the heating/cooling and hot water system for an entire community in Cyprus is presented. This study aims to analyze the technical and environmental benefits of replacing existing electric heaters for hot water with heat pump water heating systems and the use of heat pump air conditioners for thermal comfort in place of the existing ordinary air conditioners for space heating and cooling. One administrative building, 86 apartments (including residential and commercial) buildings, and a restaurant building is retrofitted, and the feasibility of the project is determined based on three economic indicators, namely; simple payback period (SPP), internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV). The electrical energy required by the hot water systems and the heating/cooling system is reduced by 263,564 kWh/yr and 144,825 kWh/yr, respectively. Additionally, the retrofit project will reduce Cyprus’ CO2 emission by 121,592.8 kg yearly. The SPP, IRR, and NPV for the project show that the retrofit is economically feasible.

scholarly journals Heating and Cooling Degree-Days Climate Change Projections for Portugal

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Cristina Andrade ◽  
Sandra Mourato ◽  
João Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climate Change Projections ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Degree Days ◽  
Heating Energy Demand

Climate change is expected to influence cooling and heating energy demand of residential buildings and affect overall thermal comfort. Towards this end, the heating (HDD) and cooling (CDD) degree-days along with HDD + CDD were computed from an ensemble of seven high-resolution bias-corrected simulations attained from EURO-CORDEX under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). These three indicators were analyzed for 1971–2000 (from E-OBS) and 2011–2040, and 2041–2070, under both RCPs. Results predict a decrease in HDDs most significant under RCP8.5. Conversely, it is projected an increase of CDD values for both scenarios. The decrease in HDDs is projected to be higher than the increase in CDDs hinting to an increase in the energy demand to cool internal environments in Portugal. Statistically significant linear CDD trends were only found for 2041–2070 under RCP4.5. Towards 2070, higher(lower) CDD (HDD and HDD + CDD) anomaly amplitudes are depicted, mainly under RCP8.5. Within the five NUTS II

Architecture Design of Building Integrated Solar Collector

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 1333-1336
Author(s):  
Yu Fu ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Fei Ying Fu ◽  
Xin Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Hot Water Supply

Solar thermal collector converts solar radiation energy into useful thermal energy and transfers to a transport fluid flowing through the system. The collected energy can be used either direct to space or water heating equipment, or to a thermal storage for later use. Along with fast development, not only domestic hot water supply is needed, but also space heating and cooling are required. Also, limited roof space is another key barrier that should be considered. Furthermore, most of the building integration with solar collectors are mounted on the roof top by flat or tilt angle at present. It is considered to be a failure of low level architectural quality because the collector is used only for application and seems as an independent technical element of the building. With the consideration of the above, novel type of solar collector has been proposed to realize the utilization and offset the barriers. This novel solar collectors is especially suitable to supply domestic hot water, and combines with ASHP for multi-function, space heating and cooling as well as domestic hot water supply. Additionally, it is well integrated with high-rise residential buildings, which is good for aesthetic.

Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Systems: A Review of Existing Studies and Their Applicability to the Canadian Residential Sector

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Chu ◽  
Cynthia A. Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
System Configurations

Heat pumps are commonly used for space-heating and cooling requirements. The combination of solar thermal and heat pump systems as a single solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) system is a promising technology for offsetting domestic hot water, space-heating and cooling loads more efficiently. Task 44 of the Solar Heating and Cooling Programme of the International Energy Agency is currently investigating ways to optimize SAHP systems for residential use. This paper presents a review of past and current work conducted on SAHP systems. Specifically, the key performance data from many studies are highlighted and different system configurations are compared in order to establish insight towards which system configurations are suitable for the Canadian residential sector. It was found that the most suitable configuration for Canadian residential buildings depend on a combination of factors which may include occupant behavior, building characteristics, operation parameters, system components, the performance criteria of interest and climate. A large variety of configurations and parameters exist for SAHP systems and this made analyzing a specific system, comparing differing systems and establishing an optimal design fairly difficult. It was found that different authors used various different performance criterions and this inconsistency also added to the difficulty of comparing the studies of different systems. Overall, a standard performance criterion needs to be established for SAHP systems in order to meaningfully compare different configurations and determine optimal configurations for certain requirements.

scholarly journals Prediction of Indoor Air Circulation of Residential Room with Adaptation of Solar Chimney Using Numerical Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4110-4116
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Solar Chimney ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Gap Width ◽  
Ventilation Velocity

With the exponential increase in consumption of electrical power during the summer season by household, there is a great need for households to withhold sustainability. To maintain the temperature of the household a passive heating and cooling system is used i.e. Solar Chimney. Ventilation, through a natural convection process, is gaining a lot of attention to be an alternative technique for mechanical air conditioning ventilation because of its reduced power usage when compared to the external cooling devices used in residential buildings of hot regions. The present study, involve solar chimney of horizontal and vertical designs in comparison with different width and height. The following paper studies the effect of a solar chimney on the indoor thermal behavior using Numerical Technique for a prototype of a residential room. The performance on the ventilation velocity and air temperature operation inside the room with varying air gap width is studied based on multiple numerical analysis solutions. The present study deals with two different architectures of a two dimensional model and results have shown that the ventilation velocity has increased to 0.017626444 kg/s and operative air temperature has been decreased by 7.26ºC for the vertical model while the horizontal model has shown a mass flow rate of 0.018027636 kg/s and a temperature decrease of 9.15ºC. The most efficient chimney was found to be model 7 which is horizontal solar chimney 3 with an air gap width of 0.05625m and a height of 0.3175 m, when compared to the other models from model number one to six.

scholarly journals Simulation of a Solar-Assisted Air-Conditioning System Applied to a Remote School

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Armando Aguilar-Jiménez ◽  
Nicolás Velázquez ◽  
Ricardo López-Zavala ◽  
Luis A. González-Uribe ◽  
Ricardo Beltrán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Coils

In this work, we present an absorption cooling system with 35 kW capacity driven by solar thermal energy, installed in the school of Puertecitos, Mexico, an off-grid community with a high level of social marginalization. The cooling system provides thermal comfort to the school’s classrooms through four 8.75-kW cooling coils, while a 110-m2 field of evacuated tube solar collectors delivers the thermal energy needed to activate the cooling machine. The characteristics of the equipment installed in the school were used for simulation and operative analysis of the system under the influence of typical factors of an isolated coastal community, such as the influence of climate, thermal load, and water consumption in the cooling tower, among others. The aim of this simulation study was to determine the best operating conditions prior to system start-up, to establish the requirements for external heating and cooling services, and to quantify the freshwater requirements for the proper functioning of the system. The results show that, with the simulated strategies implemented, with a maximum load operation, the system can maintain thermal comfort in the classrooms for five days of classes. This is feasible as long as weekends are dedicated to raising the water temperature in the thermal storage tank. As the total capacity of the system is distributed in the four cooling coils, it is possible to control the cooling demand in order to extend the operation periods. Utilizing 75% or less of the cooling capacity, the system can operate continuously, taking advantage of stored energy. The cooling tower requires about 750 kg of water per day, which becomes critical given the scarcity of this resource in the community.

Methodology for Analysis of Energy Efficiency for Residential Buildings Based on the Optimal Cost

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Alexandru Şerbănoiu ◽  
Gabriel Teodoriu ◽  
Bogdan Serbanoiu ◽  
Ion Serbanoiu ◽  
Marina Verdeș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Selection Of

This paper proposes a methodology for analysis, evaluation and selection of the optimal variant for systems designed to ensure thermal comfort in residential buildings. It identifies as a tool that can analyze in detail the technical and economic point of view, the characteristics of a thermal system (closing elements of a building) and heating equipment, subsequent recovery process of the energy potential of multiple energy resources - can provide in terms of cost optimal the thermal comfort.

Life Cycle Cost for a Solar Heating and Cooling System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Hang ◽  
Ming Qu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Solar Absorption Cooling

Solar absorption cooling has been an intriguing research subject since 1970. However, it is not widely applied because the first cost of the system is high, the commercial hot water absorption chiller is not mature, the site demonstration and evaluation are not adequate and the price of conventional fossil energy sources is relatively low. This paper investigates the commercialization potentials of solar absorption cooling and solar heating system by comparing the life cycle cost between it and the conventional electrical chiller cooling and gas-fired boiler heating system. A computational model has been programmed in the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) to analyze the economical performances of the two systems applied to a dedicated building. The model considers the cost of capital, installation, operation and maintenance, the discount rate, the fuel prices, and the inflation rates. The result of the model indicated that given the present fuel cost, the solar absorption cooling and heating system is not as economic as the conventional system especially when its size is small. However, according to the sensitivity analysis carried, the solar absorption cooling and heating system could compete with the conventional cooling and heating system when the electricity price and fuel inflation increase.

A System Modeling Approach for Active Solar Heating and Cooling System With Phase Change Material (PCM) for Small Buildings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeevan Ratnanandan ◽  
Jorge E. González
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Change Material

The paper presents a study of the performance of an active solar thermal heating and cooling system for small buildings. The work is motivated by the need for finding sustainable alternatives for building applications that are climate adaptable. The energy demand for heating and cooling needs in residential and light commercial buildings in mid-latitudes represent more than 50% of the energy consumed annually by these buildings. Solar thermal energy represents an untapped opportunity to address this challenge with sustainable solutions. Direct heating could be a source for space heating and hot water, and for heat operated cooling systems to provide space cooling. However, a key limitation in mainstreaming solar thermal for heating and cooling has been the size of thermal storage to implement related technologies. We address this issue by coupling a Phase Change Material (PCM) with an adsorption chiller and a radiant flooring system for year round solar thermal energy utilization in Northern climates. The adsorption chiller allows for chill water production driven by low temperature solar thermal energy for summer cooling, and low temperature radiant heating provides for space heating in winter conditions, while hot water demand is supplied year round. These active systems are operated by high performance solar thermal collectors. The PCM has been selected to match temperatures requirements of the adsorption chiller, and the tank was designed to provide three levels of temperatures for all applications; cooling, heating, and hot water. The material selection is paraffin sandwiched with a graphite matrix to increase the conductivity. The specific objective of the preset work is to provide a system optimization of this active system. The system is represented by a series of mathematical models for each component; PCM tank with heat exchangers, the adsorption machine, the radiant floor, and the solar thermal collectors (Evacuated tubular collectors). The PCM modeling allows for sensible heating, phase change process, and superheating. Parametric simulations are conducted for a defined small building in different locations in US with the objective of defining design parameters for; optimal solar collector array, sizing of the PCM tank, and performance of the adsorption machine and radiant heating system. The monthly and annual solar fractions of the system are also reported.

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