Manufacturing technology and application of cooling stave in blast furnace

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Yong Deng ◽  
Ran Liu ◽  
Jianliang Zhang ◽  
Kexin Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Total Thermal Resistance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Steel Composite ◽  
Copper Stave

The service life of blast furnace (BF) is depending on the cooling equipment of furnace body, cooling stave which is an important cooling equipment for BF has attracted more attention. In the current paper, the classification of BF cooling staves in China was introduced, cast iron stave, cast steel stave, copper stave, and copper-steel composite stave were used on different parts of furnace body. The manufacture of cooling staves was studied, evaporative pattern casting (EPC) was favored due to high automation and environmental protection. The strong combination between steel plate and copper plate of copper-steel composite stave could be ensured under high-speed oblique impact through explosive welding. High density and high thermal conductivity of copper stave could be obtained by efficient rolling technology. The performance and application of BF cooling stave were investigated, the advantages and disadvantages of the various cooling staves were analysed, the thermal resistance between the steel water pipe and the cast iron body accounted for about 80% of the total thermal resistance which would affect the cooling effect of cast iron stave. The significant cost advantage of copper-steel composite stave was found compared with copper stave, test results of copper-steel composite stave in a commercial BF showed that the cooling effect is equivalent to that of the copper stave. The suitable cooling stave in BF should be selected according to the characteristics of the various cooling staves, the heat transfer balance and the stability of the skull on the hot face must be ensured to protect the cooling stave.

In-Situ, Precise and High-Speed Measurement for Novel TIM Characterization

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Ishida ◽  
Hiroyuki Ryoson ◽  
Toshiro Ota ◽  
Kazuaki Yazawa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Local Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Total Thermal Resistance ◽  
Interface Thermal Resistance

Due to the thermal compliance necessary for high-performance thermal interface material (TIM), precise thermal measurements are becoming more and more important. The interface thermal resistance of high-performance chips may easily exceed 30% of the total thermal resistance between chip and ambient. According to the general definition of thermal resistance, two surface temperatures and strictly accurate heat flow must be measured at the same time. The ASTM-D5470 method is suitable to do this. Clarification of the role of contact thermal resistance requires characterization of effective thermal conductivity of the material. This requires knowing accurate dimensions of cross section area and thickness. To achieve this fine measurement, equipment has been developed that enables the measurement of the thermal resistance with high accuracy as well as the measurement of interface thickness with sub-micrometer resolution in a simultaneous series. The thickness is determined by the optical pin-gap sensing method. Complete data can be obtained for each second after the data logging has started. The instantaneous temperature responses of TIM and heat rods take less time than the whole piece of equipment does to reach 99% temperature equilibrium. According to the data, sufficient accuracy can be obtained at local thermal equilibrium in around ten minutes to analyze the TIM performance in this measurement setup. Local small thermal mass plays a significant role in the measurement. This measurement technique is also helpful for pressure sensitive and soft TIM with minimum compressive creep deformation.

Thermal and Structural Analysis of a Suspended Physics Package for a Chip-Scale Atomic Clock

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Laws ◽  
Y. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Atomic Clock ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Cavity Surface ◽  
Power Budget ◽  
Total Thermal Resistance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fea Model

Power dissipation for chip scale atomic clocks (CSAC) is one of the major design considerations. 12 mW of the 30 mW power budget is for temperature control of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and the alkali-metal vapor cell, each must be maintained at 70±0.1°C even over large ambient temperature variations of 0°C to 50°C. The physics package of a CSAC device is composed of the cell, VCSEL and optical components. This package is heated to 70±0.1°C, but must be very well insulated to dissipate less than 12 mW. To create such a high level of insulation the physics package is enclosed in a gold coated vacuum package and is suspended on a specially designed Cirlex structure. The thermal performance of the suspended physics package has been evaluated by measuring the total thermal resistance from a mockup package with and without an enclosure. Without and enclosure the resistance was found to be 1.07°C/mW. With the enclosure the resistance increases to 1.71°C/mW. These two cases were modeled using FEA, which was found to match well. A FEA model of the real design of the enclosed, suspended physics package was then modeled an was found to have a thermal resistance of 6.28°C/mW, which meets the project requirements. The structural performance of the physics package was measured by shock testing the physics package mockup and recording the response with a high speed video camera. The shock testes were modeled using dynamic FEA and were found to match the measured displacements well. A FEA model of the real design of the physics package was created and it was found that the package will survive an 1800 g shock of any duration in any direction without exceeding the Cirlex yield stress, 49 MPa. In addition the package will survive a 10,000 g shock of any duration in any direction without exceeding the Cirlex tensile stress, 229 MPa.

Thermal and Structural Analysis of a Suspended Physics Package for a Chip-Scale Atomic Clock

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Laws ◽  
R. Borwick ◽  
P. Stupar ◽  
J. DeNatale ◽  
Y. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Atomic Clock ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Cavity Surface ◽  
Power Budget ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Total Thermal Resistance ◽  
Vapor Cell ◽  
Fea Model

The power dissipation for chip-scale atomic clocks (CSAC) is one of the major design considerations. 12 mW of the 30 mW power budget is for temperature control of the vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and the alkali-metal vapor cell. Each of these must be maintained at 70+/−0.1°C even over large ambient temperature variations of 0–50°C. Thus the physics package of a CSAC device, which contains the vapor cell, VCSEL, and optical components, must have a very high thermal resistance, greater than 5.83°C/m W, to operate in 0°C ambient temperatures while dissipating less than 12 mW of power for heating. To create such a high level of insulation, the physics package is enclosed in a gold coated vacuum package and is suspended on a specially designed structure made from Cirlex, a type of polyimide. The thermal performance of the suspended physics package has been evaluated by measuring the total thermal resistance from a mockup package with and without an enclosure. Without an enclosure, the thermal resistance was found to be 1.07°C/m W. With the enclosure, the resistance increases to 1.71°C/m W. These two cases were modeled using finite element analysis (FEA), the results of which were found to match well with experimental measurements. A FEA model of the real design of the enclosed and suspended physics package was then modeled and was found to have a thermal resistance of 6.28°C/m W, which meets the project requirements of greater than 5.83°C/m W. The structural performance of the physics package was measured by shock-testing, a physics package mockup and recording the response with a high-speed video camera. The shock tests were modeled using dynamic FEA and were found to match well with the displacement measurements. A FEA model of the final design, not the mockup, of the physics package was created and was used to predict that the physics package will survive a 1800 g shock of any duration in any direction without exceeding the Cirlex yield stress of 49 MPa. In addition, the package will survive a 10,000 g shock of any duration in any direction without exceeding the Cirlex tensile stress of 229 MPa.

Solidificatation Process of High Speed Tool Steel Type Cast Iron for Rolls

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 912-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisaku OGI ◽  
Yukinori ONO ◽  
Hong ZHOU ◽  
Hirofumi MIYAHARA
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Type

RED CUT COBALT

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Red Hardness ◽  
Nonferrous Alloys ◽  
Cutting Point

Abstract RED CUT COBALT steel is made by adding 5% cobalt to the conventional 18% tungsten -4% chromium-1% vanadium high-speed steel. Cobalt increases hot or red hardness and thus enables the tool to maintain a higher hardness at elevated temperatures. This steel is best adapted for hogging cuts or where the temperature of the cutting point of the tool in increased greatly. It is well adapted for tools to be used for reaming cast-iron engine cylinders, turning alloy steel or cast iron and cutting nonferrous alloys at high speeds. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and hardness as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-367. Producer or source: Teledyne Vasco.

Recent Patents on the Angular Contact Ball Bearing of High-Speed Motorized Spindle

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudong Bao ◽  
Linkai Wu ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Chengyi Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Angular Contact Ball Bearing ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Speed Cutting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Background:: Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development. Objective:: By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings. Methods:: Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis. Results:: With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance. Conclusion:: With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.

Power information network intrusion detection based on deep learning and cloud computing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiangbing Zhao ◽  
Jianhui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Information Networks ◽  
Network Intrusion Detection ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Network Intrusion ◽  
Capture Mechanism

With the advent of the computer network era, people like to think in deeper ways and methods. In addition, the power information network is facing the problem of information leakage. The research of power information network intrusion detection is helpful to prevent the intrusion and attack of bad factors, ensure the safety of information, and protect state secrets and personal privacy. In this paper, through the NRIDS model and network data analysis method, based on deep learning and cloud computing, the demand analysis of the real-time intrusion detection system for the power information network is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of this kind of message capture mechanism are compared, and then a high-speed article capture mechanism is designed based on the DPDK research. Since cloud computing and power information networks are the most commonly used tools and ways for us to obtain information in our daily lives, our lives will be difficult to carry out without cloud computing and power information networks, so we must do a good job to ensure the security of network information network intrusion detection and defense measures.

A Nonlinear Rail Vehicle Dynamics Computer Program SAMS/Rail: Part 1—Theory and Formulations

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled E. Zaazaa ◽  
Brian Whitten ◽  
Brian Marquis ◽  
Erik Curtis ◽  
Magdy El-Sibaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Element ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Speed Trains

Accurate prediction of railroad vehicle performance requires detailed formulations of wheel-rail contact models. In the past, most dynamic simulation tools used an offline wheel-rail contact element based on look-up tables that are used by the main simulation solver. Nowadays, the use of an online nonlinear three-dimensional wheel-rail contact element is necessary in order to accurately predict the dynamic performance of high speed trains. Recently, the Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development has sponsored a project to develop a general multibody simulation code that uses an online nonlinear three-dimensional wheel-rail contact element to predict the contact forces between wheel and rail. In this paper, several nonlinear wheel-rail contact formulations are presented, each using the online three-dimensional approach. The methods presented are divided into two contact approaches. In the first Constraint Approach, the wheel is assumed to remain in contact with the rail. In this approach, the normal contact forces are determined by using the technique of Lagrange multipliers. In the second Elastic Approach, wheel/rail separation and penetration are allowed, and the normal contact forces are determined by using Hertz’s Theory. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are presented in this paper. In addition, this paper discusses future developments and improvements for the multibody system code. Some of these improvements are currently being implemented by the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). In the accompanying “Part 2” and “Part 3” to this paper, numerical examples are presented in order to demonstrate the results obtained from this research.

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