scholarly journals Adopting green building constructions in developing countries through capacity building strategy: survey of Enugu State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Daniel Uchenna Chukwu ◽  
Edmund A. Anaele ◽  
Hyginus O. Omeje ◽  
Ifeanyi B. Ohanu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Enugu State

Green building (GB) constructions seeks to address housing demands of the growing populace with better qualities, energy efficiency, using recycled and recyclable materials, improve building lifespan and health of occupants. But GB adoption lags in developing countries. This study focused on driving the adoption of GB constructions in developing countries through capacity building strategy: survey of Enugu State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 135 building workers in educational and industrial sectors across the registered construction companies and higher institutions in Enugu State. Mean and rank were used to answer the research questions, while t-test was used to test five null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that there is need for capacity building in: GB design, GB site, GB construction, GB operation and maintenance, and GB construction and demolition waste management. Cluster t-test analysis showed discrepancies in the agreement of educational and industrial sector workers on GB design and GB construction needs. The implications for not adopting GB are continual conventional constructions with maximal exploitations and resource depletion. Thus, there is a gap in knowledge where sustainable development advocates, government and pioneers of green construction practices could channel efforts toward assisting the developing countries.

Circular economy in Brazilian construction industry: Current scenario, challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110450
Author(s):  
Tatiane Isabel Hentges ◽  
Elaine Aparecida Machado da Motta ◽  
Tania Valentin de Lima Fantin ◽  
Deivid Moraes ◽  
Mauro Acir Fretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government

The effective implantation of the circular economy (CE) presents a great challenge to the industrial sectors, mostly in those of greater environmental impact, such as construction industry. In Brazil, this industry has been growing over the last 20 years; however, such growth was based on an extractivist economy without any consideration to the end of its products lifespan. Only in 2017, 45 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste were generated in the country. This paper presents the current context of public policies in the Brazilian construction industry and proposes initiatives to introduce principles of CE. An exploratory study was developed, and all the 45 references presented in Appendix A of the review paper of Benachio et al. were considered to draw new ideas. These ideas are related and compared to key points in Brazilian regulations. Twelve opportunities for the improvement are listed and organized by construction stages (planning and design, materials manufacturing, construction processes, use and demolition). The ones related to design and planning using Green building information modelling, and materials manufacturing with recycled waste are highlighted due to the existing actions, standards, and Federal legislation. It was found that some sectors and the government already have actions related to CE (based on the 3R principle), but still there are several initiatives needed for its effective implementation in the Brazilian construction industry.

Environmental assessment of construction and demolition waste recycling in Bolivia: Focus on transportation distances and selective collection rates

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110291
Author(s):  
Navarro Ferronato ◽  
Gabriela Edith Guisbert Lizarazu ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Gorritty Portillo ◽  
Luca Moresco ◽  
Fabio Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Collection Rate ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Selective Collection

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) management in developing countries is a global concern. The analysis of scenarios and the implementation of life cycle assessment (LCA) support decision-makers in introducing integrated CDW management systems. This paper introduces the application of an LCA in La Paz (Bolivia), where CDW is mainly dumped in open areas. The aim of the research is to evaluate the benefits of inert CDW recycling in function of the selective collection rate, defined as the amount of waste (%wt.) sorted at the source in relation to the total waste amount produced, and the distances from the CDW generation to the material recycling facility. The outcomes of the research suggest that increasing the selective collection rates (5% to 99%) spread the importance of transportation distances planning since it affects the magnitude of the environmental impacts (1.05 tCO2-eq to 20.7 tCO2-eq per km traveled). Transportation limits have been found to be lower than about 40 km in order to make recycling beneficial for all environmental impacts and for all selective collection rate, with the eutrophication potential as the limiting indicator. The theoretical analysis suggests implementing LCA with primary data and involving statistics related to the transportation of virgin materials avoided thanks to recycling. The outcomes of the research support the implementation of CDW recycling in developing countries since it has been found that material recovery is always beneficial.

scholarly journals Compressive Strength of Concrete with Construction and Demolition Waste and m-SAND using Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 935-937
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Coarse Aggregates

Construction and Demolition wastes(C&D wastes) are generated in all cities of the world due to rapid urbanization. Disposing C & D waste these days is a costly affair, and raises environmental issues. Hence an attempt is made to reuse the demolished concrete as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates. Also due to ban of sand mining by local authorities, the cost of natural fine aggregate is very high and itself becoming a scarce material. Hence crushed stone aggregates called manufactured sand (m sand) is used, totally replacing natural fine aggregates. This concept is found to be cost effective, minimizes disposal of C & D wastes, and leads towards Green Building Concepts. Compression test on M40 concrete cubes of size 150mmx150mmx150mm are conducted at end of 7 days and 28days. Mix design for M40 concrete is made in accordance to IS: 10262-2019 with water cement ratio of 0.45 using 53 Grade Ordinary Portland cement. Superplasticizer (LIQUIFIX) is used to enhance workability. Nano Silica (NS)(1.5% by weight of cement),Wollastonite powder(WP)(10%by weight of cement) and Basalt fibres(BF)(1% by weight of cement) are added as additives. It is observed, that compressive strength of 7 days and 28 days cured samples is 25% more with the addition of all three additives compared to samples without additives. Hence the loss of compressive strength obtained by using demolished concrete as aggregates and m sand in concrete is regained with the addition of additives.

Factorial analysis of capacity-building needs of small- and medium-scale building contractors in developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Asante ◽  
Ernest Kissi ◽  
Edward Badu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
The Government

Purpose The needs assessment is the heart of any capacity-building strategy since it determines the design of any intervention, and also helps to prioritise the allocation of resources. Whereas there is a considerable amount of literature on the challenges faced by small- and medium-scale building contractors (SMBCs), very little is known about the needs (support) required by SMBCs. But given the critical role played by SMBCs in the construction industry demands, an understanding of how this sector can be assisted is required. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature relative to capacity building of SMBCs by exploring and examining the needs with the objective to extend the understanding on how to promote and sustain SMBCs to continue their infrastructural delivery at the local and rural areas in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire with five-point Likert scale is administered to 416 respondents, including local government authorities, consultants, first-class contractors and SMBCs using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data generated from the survey are analysed using mean score ranking and principal component analysis, thus enabling the findings of the study to be examined under six thematic areas. Findings The SMCs needs identified include anti-corruption measures, job accessibility, technical and technological assistance, favourable fiscal policy, business development support and financial assistance. The findings of the study bring to the attention of policy makers the critical areas that required support by the assistance of SMBCs. In the interim, the study recommends the extension of business advisory services to the SMBCs by National Board of Small-Scale Industries, whilst in the long term, the government must create the necessary business operating environment to promote SMBCs pertaining to the industrial sector of the economy. The SMBCs must also factor the needs into their business operations that can be addressed from within. Originality/value The study suggests the need of SMBCs in building a robust construction industry in developing countries.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON GREEN BUILDING RATING TOOLS WORLDWIDE: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AUSTRALIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 831-847
Author(s):  
I. M. Chethana S. Illankoon ◽  
Vivian W. Y. Tam ◽  
Khoa N. Le ◽  
Cuong N. N. Tran ◽  
Mingxue Ma
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The World ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Buildings could be led to adverse impacts on environment, such as generation of construction and demolition waste, and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Therefore, promotion on development of green buildings is in need. With the increasing awareness in sustainable development, various rating tools are promoted to evaluate the performance of green buildings. Nowadays, these tools function as a guideline for green building development. There are various green building rating tools developed worldwide, and various countries follow different rules, incentives and regulations. However, despite of promotion of green building rating tools, environmental issues from buildings are still significant in Australia. This research compared green building rating tools in Australia and other countries or regions around the world. This research found that rating tools in Australia lack of (1) mandatory criteria and (2) regulations and incentives. This paper recommended that governmental incentives should be promoted.

Relative Price Changes and Industrialization in Pakistan: 1951-1964

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. ◽  
S. Mushtaq Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The terms of trade between the agricultural and industrial sectors in developing countries have received considerable attention in the general literature on economic development. The terms of trade are important determinants of the distribution of income between the two sectors, as well as the capacity for saving (particularly in the manufacturing sector) and incentives to produce and sell (particularly in the agricultural sector). In Pakistan, the terms of trade of the agricultural sector are alleged to have been depressed to benefit the growth of industrial sector. Considerable opposition to increased taxation of the agricul¬tural sector has been based on the assertion that that sector is already "taxed" for the benefit of the industrial sector through the terms of trade. Current official interpretation [11] of the "saving strategy" that the country followed in the 1950's indicates that the terms of trade were important in transferring income from the low-saving sector (agriculture) to the high-saving sector (manufac¬turing). As yet, however, there had been no empirical study of the facts of the Pakistan experience.

scholarly journals Dimensional, Mechanical and LCA Characterization of Terrazzo Tiles along with Glass and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Stabile ◽  
Francesco Radica ◽  
Luigi Ranza ◽  
Michael R. Carroll ◽  
Carlo Santulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Aesthetic Aspect

In this work, two types of wastes were introduced, namely, glass from municipal waste and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW). The latter, which was obtained from rubble generated by the seismic events occurred in Central Italy in 2016, was introduced in two configurations, the single-layer and the double-layer of the cement-based Terrazzo tiles. A maximum of 77% of waste introduction was proven to be possible, therefore creating the possibility of obtaining construction products including high quantities of secondary raw materials, coupled with a valuable aesthetic aspect. The tiles represent a novel CDW upcycling application and follow the EU recommendations to improve the circular economy in the building sector. In particular, the products obtained showed dimensional conformity in the specifications and mechanical performance in the case of double-layer tiles as required by the envisaged use in the flooring (EN 13748-1). A life cycle analysis (LCA) clarified the possible advantages in terms of reduced resource depletion (RD) and global warming potential (GWP). The evaluation at the aggregate/glass matrix interface indicated good performance of the tiles, demonstrating the readiness for industrial production and market introduction.

scholarly journals The Dilemma of the TVET Teacher in Developing Countries in the 21st Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makworo Edwin Obwoge
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
And Training

<div><p><em>Technology is a very dynamic commodity and keeping up with the ever changing trends in various technologies is an issue of great concern for many technologists in the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Technology changes every 18 months and hence the practitioners need to keep up with the pace in order to remain relevant. The Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector is often most affected since it trains technologists for the industrial sector in most developed and developing economies. The TVET instructor always finds himself in a dilemma since skills get obsolete quickly yet he has to continue delivering content in area of specialty. As the industrial sectors demands change, so should the skills of the TVET instructor change to match the ever changing trends of the industry. In most developing countries, there are no set out mechanisms of re-skilling the TVET instructor to keep him updated with the latest technologies in the private sector. This paper reviews literature on the dilemma of the TVET instructor in the 21<sup>st</sup> century and make recommendations for implementation in developing countries.</em></p></div>

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