scholarly journals The relationship between anomia and maladaptive personality traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 02006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Levina ◽  
V. Perejolkina ◽  
K. Martinsone ◽  
S. Mihailova ◽  
J. Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
First Order ◽  
Goal Clarity ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Order Domain

Research of anomia is topical in the period when a society endures social and economic changes. On the other hand, the modern Western society is characterized by a rapid speed of development, by diversity, variability, multicultural life. In such conditions for some individuals it could be difficult to make life choices. Such individuals can get into “an anomic state”. In a situation of rapid social and political changes as well as simply in the modern diverse and rapidly developing society pathological personality traits can serve as a factor that aggravates anomic feelings. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to investigate relations between anomia and pathological personality traits. The sample consisted of 83 Latvian inhabitants aged from 19 to 47 years (16.9 % males, 83.1 % females). The Anomia Questionnaire – AQ [1] and the Latvian Clinical Personality Inventory – LCPI v2.2 [2] were used. It is found that there are multiple relations between all six sub-dimensions of anomia and certain different maladaptive personality traits. Irresponsibility is the only personality trait that predicts deviation from prescribed rules or customs. Negative emotionality is the only significant predictor for social distrust. Suspiciousness that falls within a first-order domain Psychoticism and a second-order domain Schizotypy is the most significant predictor of estrangement to others as a dimension of anomia. Eccentricity that falls within a first-order domain Psychoticism and a second-order domain Schizotypy is the most significant predictor of cultural isolation. Separation insecurity that falls within a first-order domain Dependence and a second-order domain Neuroticism is the most significant predictor of a lack of goal clarity as a dimension of anomia. Depression as a pathological personality trait that falls within a first-order domain Negative emotionality and a second-order domain Neuroticism is the most significant predictor of a lack of goal clarity as a dimension of anomia.

scholarly journals Pathological Personality Traits and Utilitarian Moral Judgments

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽  
Avi Besser ◽  
Sinead Cronin ◽  
Jennifer K. Vrabel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Recent research has highlighted important individual differences in moral judgment. The present study extends these findings by examining the associations between pathological personality traits and utilitarian moral judgments. This was accomplished by asking 2,121 Israeli community members to complete self-report measures concerning their pathological personality traits and evaluate the acceptability of utilitarian moral judgments in various sacrificial dilemmas (is it acceptable to intentionally kill one person in order to save several other people?). The results showed that the pathological personality traits of antagonism and disinhibition were positively associated with the endorsement of personal utilitarian moral judgments (i.e., those decisions requiring the individual to directly inflict harm on the would-be sacrificed individual), whereas negative affectivity was negatively associated with personal utilitarian moral judgments. Antagonism was the only pathological personality trait associated with impersonal utilitarian moral judgments (i.e., those decisions that did not require the individual to directly inflict harm on the would-be sacrificed individual). Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for understanding the associations between pathological personality traits and moral judgments.

ON THE GENERAL INTERPRETATION OF FIRST-ORDER QUANTIFIERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.ALDO ANTONELLI
Keyword(s):  
General Setting ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Order Domain

AbstractWhile second-order quantifiers have long been known to admit nonstandard, or“general” interpretations, first-order quantifiers (when properly viewed as predicates of predicates) also allow a kind of interpretation that does not presuppose the full power-set of that interpretation’s first-order domain. This paper explores some of the consequences of such “general” interpretations for (unary) first-order quantifiers in a general setting, emphasizing the effects of imposing various further constraints that the interpretation is to satisfy.

Second-order Logic: Properties, Semantics, and Existential Commitments

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-212
Author(s):  
Bob Hale
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
Strong Version ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Domain ◽  
Second Order Logic ◽  
Special Case

Quine’s charge against second-order logic is that it carries massive existential commitments. This chapter argues that if we interpret second-order variables as ranging over properties construed in accordance with an abundant or deflationary conception, Quine’s charge can be resisted. This need not preclude the use of model-theoretic semantics for second-order languages; but it precludes the standard semantics, along with the more general Henkin semantics, of which it is a special case. To that extent, the approach of this chapter has revisionary implications; it is, however, compatible with the different special case in which second-order variables are taken to range over definable subsets of the first-order domain, and with respect to such a semantics, important metalogical results obtainable under the standard semantics may still be obtained. Finally, the chapter discusses the relations between second-order logic, interpreted as recommended, and a strong version of schematic ancestral logic promoted in recent work by Richard Kimberly Heck.

De‐investment in work and non‐normative personality trait change in young adulthood

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent W. Roberts ◽  
Kate Walton ◽  
Tim Bogg ◽  
Avshalom Caspi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviours ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated the relationship between experiences of de‐investment in work and change in personality traits in an 8‐year longitudinal study of young adults (N = 907). De‐investment was defined as participating in activities that run counter to age‐graded norms for acceptable behaviour. De‐investment in work was operationalised with a measure of counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs), which included actions such as stealing from the work place, malingering and fighting with co‐workers. CWBs were used to predict changes in personality traits from age 18 to age 26. Consistent with hypotheses, greater amounts of CWB was associated with changes in the broad trait domains of negative emotionality and constraint. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The “Lost” Personality Disorders and Their Relationships to the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders Among Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lisa E. Stone ◽  
Daniel L. Segal ◽  
Frederick L. Coolidge
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Abstract. Four personality disorders (PD) have become “lost” throughout the various editions of the DSM: Depressive, Passive-Aggressive, Sadistic, and Self-Defeating. The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a novel approach to PD classification, containing two diagnostic criteria: personality functioning and pathological personality traits. This study identifies the personality functioning and pathological personality trait features of the Lost PDs among older adults ( N = 202; Mage = 67.47 years). Results indicate that the Lost PDs related more strongly with the self-functioning domains (versus the interpersonal domains). Some pathological traits emerged in expected directions, whereas others did not, which is consistent with research on the traditional PDs. The AMPD appears to have mixed validity in capturing the Lost PDs in older adults, though overall it performed comparably well and warrants further examination.

Properties, Predication, and Arbitrary Sets

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Bob Hale
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
Singular Terms ◽  
First Order ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Singular Reference ◽  
Order Domain ◽  
Second Order Logic

Shapiro and Hale disagree over the appropriate domain of quantification for second-order logic: Shapiro allows property variables to range over the full power set of the first-order domain, whereas Hale restricts the domain to only subsets which can be defined. Hale defends his view, via a discussion of Shapiro’s view that objects in a domain of quantification need not be able to be objects of singular reference (for example, geometrical points and electrons). Shapiro’s view is clearly at odds with Hale’s favoured broadly Fregean approach to ontology, according to which objects are simply those things to which reference may be made by means of actual or possible singular terms.

scholarly journals Case Report: Pathological Personality Traits Through the Lens of the ICD-11 Trait Qualifiers and the DSM-5 Section III Trait Model: Two Patients Illustrating the Clinical Utility of a Combined View

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bastiaens ◽  
Dirk Smits ◽  
Laurence Claes
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Trait Model ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

We report on two individuals presenting for treatment as part of everyday clinical practice, comparing their pathological personality traits through the lens of the ICD-11 trait qualifiers and the DSM-5 Section III personality trait model. We compare higher order pathological personality domains and lower order pathological personality trait facets of patient M (diagnosed with borderline personality traits according to DSM-5 Section II), and patient L (diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality traits according to DSM-5 Section II) with normative data and with each other. Findings highlight the clinical utility of a ICD-11/DSM-5 combined view, including: (1) the Disinhibition/Anankastia personality domain distinction as advocated in the ICD-11 model, (2) the Psychoticism personality domain as conceptualized in the DSM-5 Section III personality trait model, as well as (3) the use of lower order personality trait facets within each higher order personality domain.

The Dark Tetrad

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Međedović ◽  
Boban Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy are personality traits understood to be dispositions toward amoral and antisocial behavior. Recent research has suggested that sadism should also be added to this set of traits. In the present study, we tested a hypothesis proposing that these four traits are expressions of one superordinate construct: The Dark Tetrad. Exploration of the latent space of four “dark” traits suggested that the singular second-order factor which represents the Dark Tetrad can be extracted. Analysis has shown that Dark Tetrad traits can be located in the space of basic personality traits, especially on the negative pole of the Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotionality dimensions. We conclude that sadism behaves in a similar manner as the other dark traits, but it cannot be reduced to them. The results support the concept of “Dark Tetrad.”

Nonlinear Analysis of Visual Evoked Potentials Elicited by Color Stimulation

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Momose ◽  
K. Komiya ◽  
A. Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Color ◽  
Second Order Nonlinearity ◽  
Visual Evoked

Abstract:The relationship between chromatically modulated stimuli and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) was considered. VEPs of normal subjects elicited by chromatically modulated stimuli were measured under several color adaptations, and their binary kernels were estimated. Up to the second-order, binary kernels obtained from VEPs were so characteristic that the VEP-chromatic modulation system showed second-order nonlinearity. First-order binary kernels depended on the color of the stimulus and adaptation, whereas second-order kernels showed almost no difference. This result indicates that the waveforms of first-order binary kernels reflect perceived color (hue). This supports the suggestion that kernels of VEPs include color responses, and could be used as a probe with which to examine the color visual system.

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