scholarly journals Psychological and pedagogical bases of preparation for school in preschool institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 00100
Author(s):  
Z.V. Masaeva ◽  
I.V. Abakumova ◽  
L.Ts. Kagermazova
Keyword(s):  
School Readiness ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
School Preparation ◽  
Traditional Approaches

In the modern world, there is a trend towards the demand for preparing children for school from preschool age. There are many different points of view of scientists on determining indicators of school readiness, as well as considering the understanding of school preparation from the point of view of psychological and pedagogical features. In this paper, an attempt is made to generalize existing theories of understanding school preparation, as well as an experimental study of the preparation of children in kindergarten. This issue is revealed through a developing and traditional approach. In the theoretical aspect, these approaches are disclosed and the advantages and disadvantages of the developmental and traditional approaches in preparing preschool children for school are empirically verified. The study revealed that the traditional approach does not consider personal readiness in comparison with the developmental approach. Children who studied using the traditional approach showed low results in terms of seeking help, disclosure of creative opportunities with friends, empathic feelings, control of aggression, etc. In General, summarizing the results, we can say that the traditional and developmental approaches ensure readiness for school. It should be emphasized in the context of comparative analysis that the developmental approach shows high results in comparison with the traditional approach to preparing children for school.

scholarly journals ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ТЕРМІНУ «ГОТОВНІСТЬ» ДО ШКІЛЬНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ДІТЕЙ СТАРШОГО ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Олена Бєлова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Main Research ◽  
New School ◽  
Readiness To Learn ◽  
School Preparation ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the study is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the term “readiness” and to reveal the essence of related concepts: “readiness to study”, “readiness for school”, “preparation for school”, “school maturity”. The main research method is theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature. The analysis of the research materials proved that the term “readiness” has a single key position, namely – a directed action, the desire to do something. From the content of the problem of studying the concept of “readiness” arise different interpretations: from a medical point of view it is the state, tone, mobilization of all psychophysical systems; from pedagogical – positive attitude to activity, awareness of educational motive, needs; setting for a certain behavior; from the psychological – the focus on the implementation of a particular action in the presence of relevant knowledge, skills and abilities; formation of psychological properties, without which it is impossible to successfully master the activity. Also, it is determined that there is no single position on the concept of “readiness” of the child for school. There are different and common views on this issue. The concept of “readiness to learn” is considered from two positions: the influence of general qualities and patterns on the development of the individual as a whole; selection of components (functional, cognitive, emotional, motivational, personal and social) that indicate readiness for school. “Readiness for school” is determined by the degree of formation of physical, physiological and mental qualities of the child, is determined by a complex structural entity of the individual – his new qualities: his own position, the need for significance. “School preparation” is based on general and special training. Their interaction determines the components of readiness (mental, intellectual, emotional, volitional, social, personal, moral, physical) of a child of older preschool age to acquire new school knowledge, Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології, 2020, № 7 (101) 156 skills and abilities and to gain new knowledge, skills and abilities at school. The “school maturity” of a preschooler is a psychophysiological aspect of organic maturation, namely the formation of the morphological-physiological and mental system (intellectual, emotional and socio-personal). In the future it is planned to consider the psychological and pedagogical components of the readiness of older preschool children for school

A Study of the Binet and Cattell Systems of Intelligence Testing in a Colony for Mental Defectives

1941 ◽  
Vol 87 (367) ◽  
pp. 192-207
Author(s):  
J. C. Rohan
Keyword(s):  
Intelligence Testing ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Theoretical Dependence ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
Intellectual Level

In the estimation of intellectual level the adherents of the Binet-Simon scales still claim for it a predominant position (1). This type of code is empirically constructed, and relies on obtaining small samples of cognitive behaviour of widely different kinds (2). There is, however, another system of testing, diametrically opposed in principle to the Binet plan. This, which is sometimes styled the factorial principle, acknowledges its theoretical dependence on the well-known conceptions on Intelligence of Prof. Spearman (3). The factorial tests are specifically designed to measure the statistically determined “general factor” only. Both methods have their advocates and the theoretical advantages and disadvantages have been hotly debated. The theoretical aspect is not of concern in the present study however. This was undertaken to discover whether the Cattell series of scales—perhaps the most important factorial test series (4)—could be used with advantage to replace or supplement the Binet scales, e.g. the widely used Terman-Merrill Revision—in the clinical examination of adult defectives, who are mainly of high grade. The scales have been compared, in other words, from the point of view of clinical practice, rather than of scientific theory.

scholarly journals Evidence-based preschool-age vision screening: health policy considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deena Rachel Zimmerman ◽  
Hadas Ben-Eli ◽  
Bruce Moore ◽  
Monique Toledano ◽  
Chen Stein-Zamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Abstract Background There are many causes of visual impairment, and even blindness, which are treatable or at least preventable. Two such conditions are strabismus (crossed-eye, squint) and refractive error (visual image not focused on the most sensitive part of the retina). If these are not detected and corrected at an early age, they can lead to an irreversible impairment known as amblyopia (lazy eye). Pediatric vision screening and subsequent treatment for amblyopia and amblyogenic risk factors are thus key to preventing vision loss. Furthermore, vision screening can detect moderate to high hyperopia, which has been found to be associated with poor school readiness. Evidence-based recommendations call for screening children at 3–5 years of age; they are old enough to cooperate, but still within the window of effective intervention. However, these recommendations have yet to be universally implemented as the standard of care. Methods This paper integrates a review of the literature and the international experience of preschool vision screening with the findings from a preliminary feasibility study of expanded screening in Israel to formulate a discussion of the current health policy challenge in Israel and the options for addressing it. The advantages and disadvantages of various venues for vision screening are discussed. Findings Screening by optometrists in Mother and Child Health Centers, as implemented in a recent pilot project in the Jerusalem District, would allow the most comprehensive testing. Photo-screening in preschools would reach the most children, but at the cost of missing hyperopia (farsightedness). Either approach would probably constitute improvements over the current situation. The relative strengths of the two approaches depends in part on the ability to purchase automatic screening equipment (and the efficacy of that equipment) vs. the ongoing cost of paying trained personnel. Conclusions Further research should be conducted in Israel to determine the prevalence of refractive errors, so that best practices can be established for Israel’s population and social needs. In the interim, the Ministry of Health should promptly implement the inclusion of preschool visions screening for children in the approved “basket of services” covered by the National Health Insurance Laws, using photo-screening, including collection of the clinical data.

scholarly journals The Portrait of a Scientist in the Light of Synergetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Tatyana Budjakova ◽  
Vlasta Goricheva
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Young Scientist ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Made In

The article is devoted to an outstanding Russian criminologist Yuri Vladimirovich Golik. Yu.V. Golik, being a creative person, drew attention to one of the trends of modern world science - synergetics - at the beginning of his scientific career. The synergetic approach means a fundamentally new view of the development of nature and society, in contrast to classical paradigms in science. The young scientist was attracted by the interdisciplinary character of synergetics. Later, in his work «Synergetics and Crime», he singled out the main parameters of the synergetic approach important for criminology: interaction that generates a new quality; self-organization of open systems with nonlinear feedbacks, including understanding of crime in the light of synergetic approach as an open self-organizing system, etc. The main stages of the life of Yu.V. Golik are indirectly related to synergistic principles in one way or another. His graduation thesis, and then his Ph.D. thesis, are devoted to the problem of an accidental criminal. Accidentality was considered by the author from a synergetic point of view as a way of comprehending internally hidden regularities. Engaging in the fight against corruption, Yu.V. Golik also draws attention to a need for non-traditional approaches, both to study it and to eradicate it. In a monograph written in co-authorship with V.I. Karasev, «Corruption as a Mechanism of Social Degradation», a paradoxical conclusion is made, in a spirit of synergetics, that a change in legal reality not only mobilizes socially-organized population to solve radically new global problems, but also objectively contributes to socially dangerous behavior. Such a warning is important for developing adequate means of crime prevention even at the stage of designing legal reforms. Synergetic principles were applied by Yu.V. Golik in his doctoral dissertation «Positive stimuli in criminal law (concept, content, prospects)». Yuriy Vladimirovich publically discussed such unusual law regulation issues as the consequences of positive incentives, the «boundlessness» of positive incentives in contrast to the limited nature of negative incentives, etc. Against the backdrop of doubts raised by some scholars about the appropriateness of the synergetic approach in social sciences and, in particular, in law, it should be noted that the synergy of Yu.V. Golik was justifiably applied in those times when a new unconventional understanding of social and legal reality was required.

Design process for serious activities inspired by play and games: a problem solving with a board game from disengamement and gamification processes (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Goria ◽  
Louise Dupet ◽  
Maëva Négroni ◽  
Gabriel Sega ◽  
Philippe Arnoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Design Result

BACKGROUND most serious games and other game-based tools are designed as digital games or escape games. They are designed for learning or sometimes in the field of medicine as an aid to care. However, they can also be seen as an aid to research, in our case, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of imaging techniques for cancer detection. OBJECTIVE we present a case study of action research on the design of a serious board game intended to consider the advantages and weaknesses of a diagnostic method in a different ways. The goal was to better understand the principles of designing a tool using game or play. METHODS we explicitly implemented another process than gamification to develop a structure reminiscent of the game to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of different imaging techniques from the point of view of the respondents (in this case specialists not directly involved in the project). Based on this feedback and the scientific literature on this subject, we detail the main categories of games and games developed for serious use in order to understand their differences. Concerning the cancer research part to which game contributes, our method is based on questions asked to experts and practitioners of this specialty. RESULTS an expert point of view translation tool in the form of a game has been realized to apprehend a research in a different way. CONCLUSIONS we show with the help of a diagram, some possible design paths leading to this type of design result including two hidden dimensions to consider (the awareness of the game or play by the "player" and his role as a contributor or recipient).

scholarly journals Patient’s point of view on the use of telemedicine in multiple sclerosis: a web-based survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doriana Landi ◽  
Marta Ponzano ◽  
Carolina Gabri Nicoletti ◽  
Gaia Cola ◽  
Gianluca Cecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Degree Of Disability

AbstractRestrictions in the access to healthcare facilities during COVID-19 pandemic have raised the need for remote monitoring of chronic medical conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to enable the continuity of care in these circumstances, many telemedicine applications are currently tested. While physicians’ preferences are commonly investigated, data regarding the patients’ point of view are still lacking. We built a 37 items web-based survey exploring patients’ propensity, awareness, and opinions on telemedicine with the aim to evaluate the sustainability of this approach in MS. Analysing 613 questionnaires out of 1093 that were sent to persons with MS followed at the Multiple Sclerosis Center of Tor Vergata University, Rome, we found that more than half of respondents (54%) were open to having a televisit. Propensity toward telemedicine significantly depended on having a higher income (p = 0.037), living farther from the center (p = 0.038), using computer and tablet (p = 0.010) and using the Internet for other remote activities (p < 0.001), conversely it was not influenced by any specific disease characteristics (i.e. degree of disability). The main advantages and disadvantages of televisit reported by participants were respectively saving time (70%) and impossibility to measure physical parameters (71%). Although the majority of respondents are in favour of televisit, so far this approach is restricted to those displaying better socioeconomic conditions and higher familiarity with technology. Implications of the study are that telemedicine platforms should be better tailored to patients’ demands in order to spread the use of telemedicine, to enhance usability and to increase patients’ adherence.

New Trends in Asymptotic Approaches: Summation and Interpolation Methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Andrianov ◽  
Jan Awrejcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Asymptotic Methods ◽  
Perturbation Series ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Local Character

In this review article, we present in some detail new trends in application of asymptotic techniques to mechanical problems. First we consider the various methods which allows for the possibility of extending the perturbation series application space and hence omiting their local character. While applying the asymptotic methods very often the following situation appears: an existence of the asymptotics ε → 0 implies an existence of the asymptotics ε → ∞ (or, in a more general sense, ε → a and ε → b). Therefore, an idea of constructing a single solution valid for a whole interval of parameter ε changes is very attractive. In other words, we discuss a problem of asymptotically equivalent function constructions possessing for ε → a and ε → b a known asymptotic behavior. The defined problems are very important from the point of view of both theoretical and applied sciences. In this work, we review the state-of-the-art, by presenting the existing methods and by pointing out their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the fields of their applications. In addition, some new methods are also proposed. The methods are demonstrated on a wide variety of static and dynamic solid mechanics problems and some others involving fluid mechanics. This review article contains 340 references.

INTERACTION WITH SOCIETY IN DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
A. K. Aitpayeva ◽  
◽  
Zh. M. Akparova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Education ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
The People ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Younger Generation

In modern psychological and pedagogical science, the concept of "socialization" is interpreted as the process of development and self-development of a person during the assimilation and reproduction of socio-cultural experience. And, of course, it is very important to ensure the successful socialization of the younger generation. In the modern world, the problem of social development of the younger generation is becoming one of the most urgent. Parents and educators are more concerned than ever about what needs to be done to ensure that a child entering this world becomes confident, happy, intelligent, kind, and successful. In this complex process of becoming a person, a lot depends on how the child adapts to the world of people, whether he will be able to find his place in life and realize his own potentialAt first glance, it seems that the social world of a preschool child is small. This is his family, adults and peers, whom he meets in kindergarten. However, the people around the child enter into a variety of relationships — kinship, friendship, professional and labor, etc. Therefore, even at preschool age, children need to form an idea of the diversity of human relations, tell them about the rules and norms of life in society, and equip them with behavioral models that will help them adequately respond to what is happening in specific life situations. In other words, it is necessary to manage the process of socialization.

City’s Cultural Memory: Modern Practices of Symbolizing the Past

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-364
Author(s):  
Natalia G. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symbolic Resource ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the discourse of the city’s cultural memory. The relevance of studying this topic is determined not only by the fundamental aspect associated with the episodicity of existing studies of this phenomenon. From an applied point of view, the city’s cultural memory is a symbolic resource that can be used to create an appealing image, form a sustainable urban identity, and strengthen the citizen’s sense of belonging to the city. The accumulation and objectification of cultural memory take place in symbolic forms, which makes it important to study the practices of symbolizing the urban past, the essence of which is to generate the significance of the relevant or latent layers of cultural memory for the citizens.The article presents the results of the final stage of research related to the study of the process of constructing the cultural memory of the city. The purpose of the article is to analyze modern practices of symbolizing fragments of the urban past, which mean their significance for contemporaries. Basing on the culturological cross-section of the issue, the author integrates different research contexts. The methodological basis of the article is the communicative approach that focuses on the processes of meaning formation, and the constructivist method that considers memory as a multi-layered and dynamic construct. Analyzing the practices of symbolizing the urban past by the example of Russian cities, the author of the article demonstrates how the episodes of the city’s memory are updated in the modern world, how cultural meanings become memorable for citizens. The author uses the results of previous studies and identifies the following elements of the symbolization of the urban past: a) ways of encoding fragments of the past; b) communicative trajectories of memory symbolization; c) factors of producing meanings about the collective past of the city. The obtained results open up new frontiers in understanding the processes of formation of the collective ideas about the city, and prospects for empirical research, forecasting and constructing the cultural memory of Russian cities, giving them the opportunity to change their present and future.

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