scholarly journals Spatial Navigation by Seated Users of Multimodal Augmented Reality Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 04022
Author(s):  
William L. Martens ◽  
Michael Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Auditory Display ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Auditory Component ◽  
Vestibular Cues ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Remote Environment ◽  
Effective Use

When seated users of multimodal augmented reality (AR) systems attempt to navigate unfamiliar environments, they can become disoriented during their initial travel through a remote environment that is displayed for them via that AR display technology. Even when the multimodal displays provide mutually coherent visual, auditory, and vestibular cues to the movement of seated users through a remote environment (such as a maze), those users may make errors in judging their own orientation and position relative to their starting point, and also may have difficulty determining what moves to make in order to return themselves to their starting point. In a number of investigations using multimodal AR systems featuring realtime servocontrolled movement of seated users, the relative contribution of spatial auditory display technology was examined across a variety of spatial navigation scenarios. The results of those investigations have implications for the effective use of the auditory component of a multimodal AR system in applications supporting spatial navigation through a physical environment.

scholarly journals Contribution of the intra- and intermolecular routes in autocatalytic zymogen activation: application to pepsinogen activation.

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Varón ◽  
Matilde E Fuentes ◽  
Manuela García-Moreno ◽  
Francisco Garcìa-Sevilla ◽  
Enrique Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Zymogen Activation ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of

Taking as the starting point a recently suggested reaction scheme for zymogen activation involving intra- and intermolecular routes and the enzyme-zymogen complex, we carry out a complete analysis of the relative contribution of both routes in the process. This analysis suggests the definition of new dimensionless parameters allowing the elaboration, from the values of the rate constants and initial conditions, of the time course of the contribution of the two routes. The procedure mentioned above related to a concrete reaction scheme is extrapolated to any other model of autocatalytic zymogen activation involving intra- and intermolecular routes. Finally, we discuss the contribution of both of the activating routes in pepsinogen activation into pepsin using the values of the kinetic parameters given in the literature.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid-dependent transcription in skin requires epidermal expression of the glucocorticoid receptor and is modulated by the mineralocorticoid receptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Sevilla ◽  
Judit Bigas ◽  
Álvaro Chiner-Oms ◽  
Iñaki Comas ◽  
Vicente Sentandreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Specific Loss ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Epidermal Expression

Abstract Glucocorticoid (GC) actions are mediated through two closely related ligand-dependent transcription factors, the GC receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Given the wide and effective use of GCs to combat skin inflammatory diseases, it is important to understand the relative contribution of these receptors to the transcriptional response to topical GCs. We evaluated the gene expression profiles in the skin of mice with epidermal-specific loss of GR (GREKO), MR (MREKO), or both (double KO; DKO) in response to dexamethasone (Dex). The overall transcriptional response was abolished in GREKO and DKO skin suggesting dependence of the underlying dermis on the presence of epidermal GR. Indeed, the observed dermal GC resistance correlated with a constitutive decrease in GR activity and up-regulation of p38 activity in this skin compartment. Upon Dex treatment, more than 90% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CO overlapped with MREKO. However, the number of DEGs was fourfold increased and the magnitude of response was higher in MREKO vs CO, affecting both gene induction and repression. Taken together our data reveal that, in the cutaneous transcriptional response to GCs mediated through endogenous receptors, epidermal GR is mandatory while epidermal MR acts as a chief modulator of gene expression.

Augmented Reality Text Style Readability with See-Through Head-Mounted Displays in Industrial Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Fiorentino ◽  
Saverio Debernardis ◽  
Antonio E. Uva ◽  
Giuseppe Monno
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Industrial Environments ◽  
Effective Visualization ◽  
Effective Use

The application of augmented reality in industrial environments requires an effective visualization of text on a see-through head-mounted display (HMD). The main contribution of this work is an empirical study of text styles as viewed through a monocular optical see-through display on three real workshop backgrounds, examining four colors and four different text styles. We ran 2,520 test trials with 14 participants using a mixed design and evaluated completion time and error rates. We found that both presentation mode and background influence the readability of text, but there is no interaction effect between these two variables. Another interesting aspect is that the presentation mode differentially influences completion time and error rate. The present study allows us to draw some guidelines for an effective use of AR text visualization in industrial environments. We suggest maximum contrast when reading time is important, and the use of colors to reduce errors. We also recommend a colored billboard with transparent text where colors have a specific meaning.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE PROVISION OF DRONES THAT WERE CREATED DURING THE COURSE OF THE ANTI-TERRORIST OPERATION IN THE EAST OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
R. Koltsov ◽  
P. Vaniyev ◽  
D. Indutniy
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Source Materials

The article presents the analysis of unmanned aerial vehicles that were created during the conduct of the anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine. The article is based on the description of the features of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in eastern Ukraine. The article also discusses the advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles when performing combat missions. The leading concepts of creating unmanned aerial vehicles and a set of factors that determine the success of providing unmanned aerial vehicles with the Armed Forces of Ukraine are defined. The experience of using and providing unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned aviation complexes during anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine was generalized. Ways to improve the traditional methods of creating unmanned aerial vehicles and identify for which tasks unmanned aerial vehicles were used during the anti-terrorist operation. The article describes the types of unmanned aerial complexes used in the area of anti-terrorist operation by Ukrainian military, special forces and guards. As a result of the research the peculiarities of determining operational-tactical requirements for unmanned aerial vehicles for their effective use in the east of Ukraine are revealed. The rational ways of creation of unmanned aerial vehicles for their use in the interests of combat use are offered. The starting point for the analysis was some recent publications on the creation and use of drones for military purposes and guidance documents. The source materials were checked for compliance with the criteria set out in the guidance documents.

The Effect of Auditory Display Configuration and Physical Load on Message Intelligibility for the Dismounted Soldier

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 706-709
Author(s):  
Ellen C. Haas ◽  
Rene de Pontbriand ◽  
Robert Mello ◽  
John Patton ◽  
Alexander Solounias
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Auditory Display ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Display Configuration ◽  
Spatial Locations

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which different types of audio display technology affected the ability of the physically active, load-carrying dismounted soldier to understand and respond to multiple radio communications in the battlefield. Independent variables were different types of auditory display configuration (existing monaural and spatial audio), number of simultaneous talkers in each simulated radio message (two, three, or four), and soldier rucksack load (22 kg or 33 kg). The dependent variables included the response time and number of accurate responses to the radio messages, soldier ratings of mental workload, and soldier physiological workload. Subjects were nine (9) male Marine Corps Infantry personnel and three (3) male Army Infantry personnel. Results indicated that spatial auditory displays enabled soldiers to identify a significantly greater number of simulated radio communications, and respond to these communications more quickly. Message response time increased and identification accuracy decreased as the number of simultaneous talkers increased. Rucksack weight was a predominant variable in physical and mental workload. Soldiers showed significantly greater physiological energy expenditure and significantly greater mental workload when they carried the heavier rucksack. The results indicated that whatever the load carried by the soldier, the speed and accuracy of understanding and responding to multiple radio communications were enhanced by presentation in different spatial locations.

The Studierstube Augmented Reality Project

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Schmalstieg ◽  
Anton Fuhrmann ◽  
Gerd Hesina ◽  
Zsolt Szalavári ◽  
L. Miguel Encarnação ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Interface Management ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Collaborative Augmented Reality ◽  
Interface Metaphor

Our starting point for developing the Studierstube system was the belief that augmented reality, the less obtrusive cousin of virtual reality, has a better chance of becoming a viable user interface for applications requiring manipulation of complex three-dimensional information as a daily routine. In essence, we are searching for a 3-D user interface metaphor as powerful as the desktop metaphor for 2-D. At the heart of the Studierstube system, collaborative augmented reality is used to embed computer-generated images into the real work environment. In the first part of this paper, we review the user interface of the initial Studierstube system, in particular the implementation of collaborative augmented reality, and the Personal Interaction Panel, a two-handed interface for interaction with the system. In the second part, an extended Studierstube system based on a heterogeneous distributed architecture is presented. This system allows the user to combine multiple approaches— augmented reality, projection displays, and ubiquitous computing—to the interface as needed. The environment is controlled by the Personal Interaction Panel, a twohanded, pen-and-pad interface that has versatile uses for interacting with the virtual environment. Studierstube also borrows elements from the desktop, such as multitasking and multi-windowing. The resulting software architecture is a user interface management system for complex augmented reality applications. The presentation is complemented by selected application examples.

scholarly journals Clean-AR: Using Augmented Reality for Reducing the Risk of Contamination from Airborne Disease Agents on Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Kevin Yu ◽  
Daniel Ostler ◽  
Jonas Fuchtmann ◽  
Anna Zapaishchykova ◽  
Maximilian Berlet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Novel Concept

Abstract A core principle of modern health care is the compliance of hygienic and aseptic techniques in areas that are sensitive to contamination through bacteria, dust, aerosols, and fallout, primarily in operating theatres or around patients with contagious diseases. Keeping track of potentially contaminated surfaces in an environment is a major concern, especially when protecting from COVID-19. This work proposes a novel concept in using 3D sensing technology to track human movement within an indoor area and identifying high-risk contaminated surfaces in real-time. It combines recent Augmented Reality display technology, which allows keeping track of decontaminated surfaces during the cleaning process using an interactive visualization method. The proposed concept of Clean- AR is implemented in a clinical environment used for observation in COVID-19 scenarios. We discuss key challenges and outline further research direction in effectively reducing the risk of contamination using the proposed concept.

scholarly journals Revisiting Milgram and Kishino's Reality-Virtuality Continuum

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Skarbez ◽  
Missie Smith ◽  
Mary C. Whitton
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality

Since its introduction in 1994, Milgram and Kishino's reality-virtuality (RV) continuum has been used to frame virtual and augmented reality research and development. While originally, the RV continuum and the three dimensions of the supporting taxonomy (extent of world knowledge, reproduction fidelity, and extent of presence metaphor) were intended to characterize the capabilities of visual display technology, researchers have embraced the RV continuum while largely ignoring the taxonomy. Considering the leaps in technology made over the last 25 years, revisiting the RV continuum and taxonomy is timely. In reexamining Milgram and Kishino's ideas, we realized, first, that the RV continuum is actually discontinuous; perfect virtual reality cannot be reached. Secondly, mixed reality is broader than previously believed, and, in fact, encompasses conventional virtual reality experiences. Finally, our revised taxonomy adds coherence, accounting for the role of users, which is critical to assessing modern mixed reality experiences. The 3D space created by our taxonomy incorporates familiar constructs such as presence and immersion, and also proposes new constructs that may be important as mixed reality technology matures.

scholarly journals Auditory Displays to Facilitate Object Targeting in 3D Space

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan R. May ◽  
Briana Sobel ◽  
Jeff Wilson ◽  
Bruce N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Auditory Display ◽  
Spatial Audio ◽  
Auditory Displays ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Limited Visibility

In both extreme and everyday situations, humans need to find nearby objects that cannot be located visually. In such situations, auditory display technology could be used to display information supporting object targeting. Unfortunately, spatial audio inadequately conveys sound source elevation, which is crucial for locating objects in 3D space. To address this, three auditory display concepts were developed and evaluated in the context of finding objects within a virtual room, in either low or no visibility conditions: (1) a one-time height-denoting “area cue,” (2) ongoing “proximity feedback,” or (3) both. All three led to improvements in performance and subjective workload compared to no sound. Displays (2) and (3) led to the largest improvements. This pattern was smaller, but still present, when visibility was low, compared to no visibility. These results indicate that persons who need to locate nearby objects in limited visibility conditions could benefit from the types of auditory displays considered here.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE KYIV MURALS AND MOSAICS AT THE TURN OF THE 1950–1960S AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MONUMENTAL PAINTING DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Viktor Hryhorov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Simple Economic ◽  
Important Milestone

During twentieth century monumental painting has undergone numerous changes in iconography, stylistics and figurative-plastic language itself. An important milestone was the turn of the '50–'60s. When the artists resorted to active decorative searches and the ways of plane expression.In the 1930–50's, socialist realism became the main pointer for the monumental artist, which was the dominant artistic method at that time. For the most effective use of this method, the artists have been oriented on the realistic and academic principles, filling classical forms with Soviet meaning. Panels become burdensome and suffocated by architectural decoration, the expressiveness of the monumental painting was lost.However, at the end of the '50s monumental painting began to move away from realistic tendencies. A search of new ways of expressions have been proceeded. A search of new ways of expressions proceeded. The impetus for rethinking styling was widely known resolution of November 4, 1955 "About the elimination of redundancies in design and construction. "The document became the peculiar starting point in Soviet architecture as well as monumental painting.According to this resolution aesthetical side had to be solved by organically linking the architectural form to the purpose of the building and established proportion. The task of architects was to work on the creation of standard buildings in simple economic forms.Thus, new opportunities for development in the monumental painting appear. With the formation of new architecture, murals and mosaics are gaining ground for experiments both with materials and figurative-plastic solutions.At the turn of the 60's significant projects were created in Kyiv, among them Kiev River Station (1961), Kiev Bus Station (1961), Shulyavska Subway Station (1963), Metro Restaurant (1963), interior design at The Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine (1962), exteriors of the Institute of Plant Protection of the UAAS (1962).

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