Colorectal Surgical Site Infections: Risk Factors and a Systematic Review of Prevention Strategies

Background: According to the CDC NHSN, surgical site infections (SSI) are wound infections that develop within 30 days postoperatively for nonimplanted surgeries such as cesarean sections. SSIs is shown to manifest in a continuum of a purulent discharge from surgical site to severe sepsis. It contributes to rising morbidity, mortality and prolonged length of stay. Objective: To describe risk factors to the development of SSI in cesarean section in descriptive studies. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) reporting guidelines is used as method for this systematic review. A PubMed literature search was conducted, limited to published articles in English from 1998 to 2016 using the broad key terms “cesarean section,” “surgical site infection,” and “risk factor.” The following inclusion criteria were applied to all reviews: (1) peer-reviewed journal, (2) computed risk factor for SSI development, and (3) calculated SSI rate. Reviews of references of the include studies were conducted, and 7 studies were appraised, with only 1 accepted. Results: After extracting data from 52 article reviews, 23 were finally accepted based on the inclusion criteria. Most studies were multivariate studies (n = 8) followed by cohort studies (n = 6). Unique numerators and denominators for SSI reviews were mentioned in all 23 studies, of which 22 studies followed the CDC NHSN definitions for SSI. Within the 23 studies, most studies showed that obesity (11.46%) is a common maternal risk factor for the development of postoperative cesarean section SSI. Conclusions: Identifying that obesity is a major contributor of surgical site infection in postoperative cesarean section women is a topic that warrants exploration. The relationship of cesarean section SSI to obesity should be investigated, specifically highlighting the level of obesity based on the WHO international body mass index (BMI) classification and the development of SSI. A correlation between increasing wound infection rates and increasing body mass index should be studied further. Published recommendations for preventing SSIs in this population should be reviewed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of the Clinical Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01730-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Karlijn van Loon ◽

Anne F. Voor in ‘t holt ◽

Margreet C. Vos

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Clinical Epidemiology ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Important Message ◽

Successful Infection ◽

Meta Analyses

ABSTRACT Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are major health care-associated pathogens and responsible for hospital outbreaks worldwide. To prevent a further increase in CRE infections and to improve infection prevention strategies, it is important to summarize the current knowledge about CRE infection prevention in hospital settings. This systematic review aimed to identify risk factors for CRE acquisition among hospitalized patients. In addition, we summarized the environmental sources/reservoirs and the most successful infection prevention strategies related to CRE. A total of 3,983 potentially relevant articles were identified and screened. Finally, we included 162 studies in the systematic review, of which 69 studies regarding risk factors for CRE acquisition were included in the random-effects meta-analysis studies. The meta-analyses regarding risk factors for CRE acquisition showed that the use of medical devices generated the highest pooled estimate (odds ratio [OR] = 5.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.38 to 7.67), followed by carbapenem use (OR = 4.71; 95% CI = 3.54 to 6.26). To control hospital outbreaks, bundled interventions, including the use of barrier/contact precautions for patients colonized or infected with CRE, are needed. In addition, it is necessary to optimize the therapeutic approach, which is an important message to infectious disease specialists, who need to be actively involved in a timely manner in the treatment of patients with known CRE infections or suspected carriers of CRE.

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What are the risk factors for injuries and injury prevention strategies for skiers and snowboarders in terrain parks and half-pipes? A systematic review

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2018-099166 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Olivier Audet ◽

Brent E Hagel ◽

Albertro Nettel-Aguirre ◽

Tatum Mitra ◽

Carolyn A Emery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Injury Prevention ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Original Data ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Severe Injuries ◽

Registration Number

ObjectiveTo synthesise the current evidence regarding the risk factors, the injury prevention strategies and the profile of injured skiers and snowboarders in terrain parks (TPs) and half-pipes (HPs).DesignSystematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.Data sourcesLiterature searches from six electronic databases and manual searches were performed.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesInclusion criteria were: (1) publication based on original data; (2) injuries sustained in TPs or HPs; (3) recreational skiing or snowboarding injuries; (4) observational or experimental study design with a comparison group.ResultsNo study explored the risk factors in HPs or the prevention strategies in TPs or HPs. From the literature retrieved, there is strong evidence that skiing or snowboarding in a TP is a risk factor for head, neck, back and severe injuries. Two papers assessed the risk factors for injuries in TPs, mainly demonstrating that features promoting aerial manoeuvres or a large drop to the ground were associated with higher feature-specific injury rates. The profile of injured skiers and snowboarders in TPs described in the literature suggested some evidence of associations between factors including activity, sex, skill level, helmet use, age and TP injuries.Summary/conclusionsThis systematic review demonstrates the need for studies identifying the risk factors for injuries to skiers and snowboarders and on interventions to reduce the risk of injury in TPs and HPs. Studies addressing the issue of TP design should be considered.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016045206.

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Risk factors, incidence, consequences and prevention strategies for falls and fall-injury within older indigenous populations: a systematic review

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1111/1753-6405.12585 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 564-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Caroline Lukaszyk ◽

Lara Harvey ◽

Cathie Sherrington ◽

Lisa Keay ◽

Anne Tiedemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Fall Injury

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A methodological, systematic review of evidence-based independent risk factors for surgical site infections after spinal surgery

European Spine Journal ◽

10.1007/s00586-012-2514-6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 605-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Dan Xing ◽

Jian-Xiong Ma ◽

Xin-Long Ma ◽

Dong-Hui Song ◽

Jie Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Spinal Surgery ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Independent Risk Factors

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Prostate Biopsy-related Infection: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors, Prevention Strategies, and Management Approaches

Urology ◽

10.1016/j.urology.2016.12.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 104 ◽

pp. 11-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Matthew J. Roberts ◽

Harrison Y. Bennett ◽

Patrick N. Harris ◽

Michael Holmes ◽

Jeremy Grummet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Prostate Biopsy ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Management Approaches

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Injuries in Netball-A Systematic Review

Sports Medicine - Open ◽

10.1186/s40798-020-00290-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Downs ◽

Suzanne J. Snodgrass ◽

Ishanka Weerasekara ◽

Sarah R. Valkenborghs ◽

Robin Callister

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Self Report ◽

Computer Search ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Limb Injuries ◽

Reported Data

Abstract Background Netball is estimated to be played by more than 20 million people worldwide, but there is evidence of high injury incidence. A thorough understanding of the types and rates of netball injuries is essential for effective injury management and prevention strategies to be developed and implemented. This systematic review summarises the published findings with respect to injury types, participant characteristics and any identified risk factors for netball injuries. Methods A librarian-assisted computer search of seven scientific databases was conducted for studies reporting on netball injuries. Inclusion criteria were studies published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, which reported data on injuries and variables (e.g. age and competition level) that have been proposed as possibly associated with netball injury risk. Results Forty-six studies (43.5% prospective, 37% hospital/insurance records, 19.5% retrospective) from 45 articles were included after screening. The majority of studies (74%) were conducted in Australia or New Zealand. There was little consistency in the definition of ‘injury’. Elite or sub-elite level players were included in 69% of studies where the level of competition was reported. The duration of injury surveillance was generally related to the format of competition from which data were collected. Self-report questionnaires were used in 48% of studies and only 26% of studies used qualified health professionals to collect data courtside. Injuries to the ankle and knee were the most common (in 19 studies) although the incidence varied considerably across the studies (ankle 13–84% and knee 8–50% of injuries). Prevention of ankle and knee injuries should be a priority. Children sustained more upper limb injuries (e.g. fractures) compared with adults who sustained more lower limb injuries (e.g. ankle and knee sprains/strains). A large number of potential risk factors for injury in netball have been investigated in small numbers of studies. The main circumstances of injury are landings, collisions and falls. Conclusion Further studies should be directed towards recreational netball, reporting on injury incidence in players by age and utilising high-quality, standardised methods and criteria. Specific injury diagnosis and a better understanding of the circumstances and mechanisms of injury would provide more meaningful data for developing prevention strategies.

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