A comparison of spleen size measured by ultrasound in a random population sample and a matched sample of patients at a university hospital, and the determination of normal values and influencing factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Schranz ◽  
Jochen Klaus ◽  
Wolfgang Kratzer ◽  
Julian Schmidberger ◽  
Melanie Güthle
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Body Height ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Spleen Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Random Population Sample ◽  
Hospital Sample

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to compare spleen sizes in a hospital and a population sample using ultrasound and define normal values and factors influencing spleen size. Methods Both samples’ spleen sizes (n = 1520) were measured using ultrasound under the same conditions. Blood counts and other laboratory parameters were determined under the same conditions in both samples. Results In the hospital sample (n = 760), the mean spleen size was 114.7 mm, and in the population sample (n = 760), it was 99.1 mm. In both, spleen size in men was significantly higher than in women (p < 0.0001) and influenced by body height, weight, and BMI (body mass index) (p < 0.0001). In the hospital sample, there was a correlation with higher values for ALT (p = 0.0160), AST (p = 0.0394), AP (p = 0.0482), and ferritin (p = 0.0008) and lower values for HDL (p = 0.0091) and thrombocytes (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, higher values for AP (p = 0.0059) and lower values for hemoglobin (p = 0.0014) and thrombocytes (p = 0.0001) were found. Stratified for sex (men, women), spleen size increased with higher values for ALT (p = 0.0116, p = 0.0113), AST (p = 0.0014, p = 0.0113), and AP (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0012), and with lower values of hemoglobin (p = 0.0057, p = 0.0016), thrombocytes (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0003), and albumin (p = 0.0029, p = 0.0432). In women, there was a discordant correlation with red blood cells (p = 0.0005) and a concordant correlation with GGT (p = 0.0241), and in men discordant correlations with cholesterol (p = 0.0010) and HDL (p = 0.0404). Conclusions The already proven impact of anthropometric data on spleen size was confirmed. The role of laboratory values should be further analyzed.

Crucial Effects of Weightlessness on Human Orientation

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mittelstaedt ◽  
S. Glasauer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Subjective Vertical ◽  
Independent Components ◽  
Human Orientation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trunk Tilt

This contribution examines the consequences of two remarkable experiences of subjects in weightlessness, 1) the missing of sensations of trunk tilt and of the respective concomitant reflexes when the head is tilted with respect to the trunk, and 2) the persistence of a perception of “up” and “down,” that is, of the polarity of the subjective vertical (SV) in the absence of, as well as in contradiction to, visual cues. The first disproves that the necessary head-to-trunk coordinate transformation be achieved by adding representations of the respective angles gained by utricles and neck receptors, but corroborates an extant model of cross-multiplication of utricular, saccular, and neck receptor components. The second indicates the existence of force-independent components in the determination of the SV. Although the number of subjects is still small and experimental conditions are not as homogeneous as desired, measurements and/or reports on the ground, in parabolic, and in space flight point to the decisive role of the saccular z-bias, that is, of a difference of the mean resting discharges of saccular units polarized in the rostrad and the caudad (±z-) direction.

Prediction of the Maximum Number of Repetitions and Repetitions in Reserve From Barbell Velocity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Alejandro Torrejón ◽  
Belén Feriche ◽  
Antonio J. Morales-Artacho ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
General Equation ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Purpose: To provide 2 general equations to estimate the maximum possible number of repetitions (XRM) from the mean velocity (MV) of the barbell and the MV associated with a given number of repetitions in reserve, as well as to determine the between-sessions reliability of the MV associated with each XRM. Methods: After determination of the bench-press 1-repetition maximum (1RM; 1.15 ± 0.21 kg/kg body mass), 21 men (age 23.0 ± 2.7 y, body mass 72.7 ± 8.3 kg, body height 1.77 ± 0.07 m) completed 4 sets of as many repetitions as possible against relative loads of 60%1RM, 70%1RM, 80%1RM, and 90%1RM over 2 separate sessions. The different loads were tested in a randomized order with 10 min of rest between them. All repetitions were performed at the maximum intended velocity. Results: Both the general equation to predict the XRM from the fastest MV of the set (CV = 15.8–18.5%) and the general equation to predict MV associated with a given number of repetitions in reserve (CV = 14.6–28.8%) failed to provide data with acceptable between-subjects variability. However, a strong relationship (median r2 = .984) and acceptable reliability (CV < 10% and ICC > .85) were observed between the fastest MV of the set and the XRM when considering individual data. Conclusions: These results indicate that generalized group equations are not acceptable methods for estimating the XRM–MV relationship or the number of repetitions in reserve. When attempting to estimate the XRM–MV relationship, one must use individualized relationships to objectively estimate the exact number of repetitions that can be performed in a training set.

scholarly journals Lack of Association between NYD-SP18 Variant and Obesity. The Health Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav A. Hubacek ◽  
Hynek Pikhart ◽  
Ruzena Kubinova ◽  
Anne Peasey ◽  
Sofia Malyutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To replicate the finding that the polymorphism rs6971091 within the NYD-SP18 gene is associated with body mass index (BMI). Method: We analysed data of 29,284 adults (46.2% of males, mean age 58.9 (SD 7.3), mean BMI 28.6 (5.0 kg/m2)) examined within the Health Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe study in the Czech Republic, Poland, Lithuania and Russia. Results: BMI did not differ by rs6971091 genotype. In men, the mean BMI (SEs) in GG, GA and AA carriers were 27.8 (0.05), 27.9 (0.06) and 27.9 (0.14) kg/m2, respectively, (p = 0.26); in women, the corresponding values were 29.2 (0.06), 29.1 (0.07) and 29.1 (0.16), p = 0.57. In Czech subjects (n = 6,752), for whom the FTO rs17817449 genotype was available, there was no interaction between the NYD-SP18 and FTO polymorphisms in determination of BMI. Adjustment for age, energy and fat intake and physical activity did not materially change the results. There was no association of the NYD-SP18 genotype with waist-hip ratio. Conclusion: This study in a large Slavonic population sample suggests that the rs6971091 variant within the NYD-SP18 gene is not an important determinant of obesity in middle-aged persons.

scholarly journals Application of ion pair complexes to design novel potentiometric membrane sensors for direct determination of frusemide in pharmaceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Rajendraprasad ◽  
Kanakapura Basavaiah
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Fabrication of two membrane sensors using two acidic indicators among sulphonthalein dyes, namely bromophenol blue (BPB) and bromocresol green (BCG), and their use as indicative electrodes for the quantification of frusemide (FUR) is presented. The ion pair complexes of FUR with BPB or BCG are used to prepare the membranes in THF solvent, PVC matrix and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as plasticizer and subsequently to fabricate FUR-BPB (Sensor I) and FUR-BCG (Sensor II) sensors. Results Sensors I and II are employable to determine 2.4 × 10-5–2.4 × 10-3 mol/L FUR at operative pH of 3.71. The calibration curve between the potentials against the concentration of FUR yielded the slopes of 58.73 ± 1 and 57.66 ± 1 mV/decade, respectively, using Sensors I and II, and this confirmed the Nernstian behaviour. Satisfactory correlation was obtained between the measured potentials and FUR concentration with the proposed sensors, and this was revealed by regression coefficient values of 0.9987 and 0.9980 for Sensors I and II, respectively. The LOD (limit of detection) values were calculated and reported for both the sensors. The experimental parameters were optimised to yield acceptable characteristics of both the sensors in the context of performance. The role of excipients of tablets and interferences were assessed by standard addition protocol. The obtained results confirmed the ineffective role of excipients of tablets and foreign species used as interferents. Conclusion The designed sensors were validated to confirm the accurate, precise, robust and rugged functioning in determining FUR. The mean of recovered FUR, close to 100%, revealed the acceptable and effective functioning of the proposed sensors. Excellent results were obtained by FUR tablets’ analysis using both the sensors.

scholarly journals Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Following-up Choroidal Neovascular Membranes during the Course of Aflibercept Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Ahmad R. Ziada ◽  
Mostafa Abd El Latif Abo El Einen ◽  
Hamdy Abd El Azim El Koumy ◽  
El Said Ibraheem El Dessouky
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Automated Software

Aims: To evaluate the mean area of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the flow area within the CNV and determine their value in monitoring the effect of aflibercept therapy. Study Design: prospective, interventional study. Place and Duration of Study: Tanta University Hospital in the period between March 2017 and March 2019. Methodology: OCT angiography images were obtained using the AngioVue (Optovue Inc., CA, USA). For quantitative analysis of the mean area of CNV and the flow area within the CNV, the CNV was manually delineated with the help of the manufacturer’s automated software, and the parameters of interest were automatically calculated and generated. Results: The study included forty eyes of 40 patients, 14 females and 26 males, the mean age of patients was 69 ± 5 years. The mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 51.29 ± 14.80 ETDRS letters, which significantly increased to 63.41 ± 5.03 at week 36; p-value < 0.05. The mean area of choroidal neovascularization decreased significantly from baseline (2.72 ± 4.29 mm2) to week 36 (1.53 ± 1.07 mm2); p-value < 0.05. The the flow area within the measured CNV decreased significantly from baseline (2.28 ± 2.08 mm2) to week 36 (0.91 ± 0.63 mm2); p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: The mean area of CNV and the flow area within the measured CNV are valuable biomarkers for following up CNV during treatment with aflibercept.

scholarly journals PARASITIC INFESTATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Shahnawaz Abro ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed Bhurgiri ◽  
Ahmed Hussain ◽  
Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah ◽  
Musaib Ali Khero
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Tropics

Parasitic infections lead to burden of morbidity and mortality in developingcountries. Surgeons practicing in the tropics are familiar with the parasitic disorders. Objectives:To determine the role of surgery in parasitic infestations of Echinococcus granulosus and Ascarislumbricoides. Design: Cross sectional case series study. Period: Two years. Setting: LiaquatUniversity Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and methods: All the patients with Echinococcusgranulosus and Ascaris lumbricoides were admitted in the ward and were observed for differentmanifestations and surgical procedures aimed to cure the echinococcosis and ascariasisinfestation. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage wascalculated. Results: During two years study period, total sixty cases of parasitic infestations(50 cases of Echinococcus granulosis and 10 cases of Ascaris Lumbricoides) were detectedat Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. The hydatid cysts was more common inthe age group of 30-39 years while the mean age ± SD in overall patients with Echinococcusgranulosis infestation was 38.74±7.84 whereas it was 35.87±8.64 and 40.43±6.73 in male andfemale population respectively. The Ascaris Lumbricoides was more common in the age groupof 15-20 years while the mean age ± SD in overall patients with Ascaris lumbricoides infestationwas 16.62±5.21 whereas it was 15.42±7.31 and 16.43±5.41 in male and female populationrespectively. Among 47 surgically treated cases of echinococcus, the approach used werecyst evacuation and tube drainage in 40 patients, total cystopericystectomy in 04 patients andlaparoscopically in 03 subjects accordingly. Seven (70%) cases of intestinal obstruction dueto ascariasis underwent surgical intervention like external milking of the obstructing bolus ofworms from the ileum into colon in 03 patients, intestinal resection and end to end anastomosisin 01 case and enterotomy and manual extraction of worms in 03 subjects accordingly.Conclusions: Hydatid disease and Ascaris lumbricoides may cause fatal complications andsurgical intervention has been the valuable option.

scholarly journals Secondary Dentin as an Aid in Gender Predilection: A Forensic Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Singh ◽  
Vedant Patel ◽  
Rahul A. Razdan ◽  
Deepak Jha ◽  
Prachi Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Image Analysis Software ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Dentine ◽  
Dentin Thickness

Abstract Background Forensic odontology deals with age, sex, and race determination of the deceased at crime scenes, disasters, or natural calamities. Studies regarding the role of secondary dentin in age estimation have been documented on a several occasions in the literature but use of secondary dentin in gender predilection has not yet been documented. So, the present study was aimed at using the secondary dentin as a diagnostic tool in gender predilection. Materials and Methods The study included a total of 20 samples (10 males and 10 females). Extracted teeth were collected and placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. The sections were ground on Arkansas stone until the appropriate thickness of the ground sections was achieved. The freshly prepared ground section was mounted on a slide using DPX mounting media. Ground sections were visualized under a microscope and the thickness of secondary dentine was measured using the image analysis software. Results The data were collected and subjected to group statistics. The secondary dentin thickness of all the samples, males and females, was measured. It was observed in our study that the mean thickness of secondary dentin was more in male samples (0.2970) with the standard deviation of 0.01494, as compared with that of females where the mean thickness was found to be 0.1970 with the standard deviation of 0.02058. Conclusion This study has shown that variation in secondary dentin thickness does exist between male and female groups. This criterion can be considered as an aid for gender determination in the future.

Absolute eosinophil count as predictive biomarker of irAEs in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
Roberta Giorgione ◽  
Serena Pillozzi ◽  
Marinella Micol Mela ◽  
Elisa Giommoni ◽  
Agnese Paderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oncology Unit ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

345 Background: Nivolumab and ipilimumab are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and, to date, few biomarkers predictive of ICIs toxicity are reported in mRCC. Methods: We conducted a single-center, observational, retrospective study at Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy. We evaluated 43 patients (pts) with mRCC treated with ICIs from April 2013 to May 2020. Absolute Eosinophil Counts (AEC, N°/μL) were registered at baseline and at time of occurrence of irAEs. This study aims to evaluate whether the AEC could be a predictive biomarker of irAEs in patients with mRCC treated with ICIs. Results: Median age was 65 years and males were 81.4%. 10 pts received Nivolumab+Ipilimumab, while 33 pts received Nivolumab single agent. 74.4% pts (32/43) developed at least 1 irAE, 11.6% with G3-G4 irAEs. The most frequent first irAE was endocrine event (40.6% pts; 37.5% with hypo-/hyper-thyroidism). The baseline mean AEC was 163.1/μL in our cohort, in particular 132.2/μL in pts who did not develop irAEs and 176.7/μL in pts who developed irAEs (p=0.134). Among the pts who developed irAEs, the mean AEC was lower in pts with G1-G2 (153.1/μL) than in those with G3-G4 (330/μL; p=0.0013) irAEs. At the time of onset of the first irAE, the mean AEC increased to 247/μL (Δ 140.1%). Analyzing the trend of AEC from baseline to time of occurrence of irAE for the 32 pts who had developed at least one irAE, 53.1% (17 pts) showed an increasing trend; among these pts, the most frequent irAEs were endocrine occurring in 4/17 pts (23.6%). An increasing trend was also observed in the majority of pts who developed G1-2 (14/27, 51.9%) and G3-4 (3/5, 60.0%) irAEs. Additional analyzes are ongoing to identify appropriate cut-offs of AEC to better stratify patients. Conclusions: There is little evidence in the literature about the potential role of absolute eosinophil counts as a predictive biomarker of irAEs in patients with solid tumors treated with ICIs, and most refer to patients with melanoma. In this study we observed that the baseline AEC values in patients that will develop irAEs are higher than in those without irAEs and, among the former, the values are lower for patients with toxicity G1-G2 vs G3-G4. We also found an increase of the mean AEC from baseline to the onset of the first irAE. Of the patients who experience toxicity, most have an upward trend in AEC at the onset of the first irAE. Compatibly with all the limitations of a retrospective analysis, our is the first experience exploring the role of the eosinophil count in the development of irAEs in mRCC patients treated with ICIs, and a prospective study is ongoing in our Unit to confirm the role of the eosinophil count in patients treated with ICIs.

scholarly journals A novel IS26 structure surrounds bla CTX-M genes in different plasmids from German clinical Escherichia coli isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cullik ◽  
Y. Pfeifer ◽  
R. Prager ◽  
H. von Baum ◽  
W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Main Role ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
New Type ◽  
Plasmid Profiling

This report focuses on the molecular characterization of 22 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates collected in a German university hospital during a period of 9 months in 2006. Relationship analysis of clinical isolates was done via PFGE, multilocus sequence typing, plasmid profiling and additionally PCR for bla ESBL detection and determination of phylogroups. After conjugal transfer, plasmid isolation and subsequent PCR for bla ESBL detection and determination of incompatibility groups were performed. Using one-primer walking, up to 3600 bp upstream and downstream of different bla CTX-M genes could be sequenced. β-Lactamases found were TEM-1 (n=14), SHV-5 (n=1) and a wide variety of CTX-M types (n=21), i.e. CTX-M-15 (n=12), CTX-M-1 (n=4), CTX-M-14 (n=2), CTX-M-9 (n=1), CTX-M-3 (n=1) and one new type, CTX-M-65 (n=1). In 18 isolates, bla ESBL genes were located on conjugative plasmids of sizes between 40 and 180 kbp belonging to incompatibility groups FII (n=9), N (n=5) and I1 (n=4). bla CTX-M was found to be associated with the common elements ISEcp1, IS26 and IS903-D, but with unusual spacer sequences for ISEcp1 in two isolates. These insertion sequences, connected to bla CTX-M as well as other genes, were located between two IS26 elements in a configuration that has not yet been described. The results reveal the emergence of bla ESBL, predominantly bla CTX-M, located on different plasmids harboured by genotypically different E. coli strains. The identical gene arrangement in the bla CTX-M neighbourhood in plasmids of different incompatibility groups indicates a main role of IS26 in distribution of mobile resistance elements between different plasmids.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document