Variation in the yield and composition of essential oils in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) according to flower development stage

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rafieiolhossaini ◽  
A Adams ◽  
N De Kimpe ◽  
P Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla

scholarly journals Bio-Herbicidal Effects of Oregano and Rosemary Essential Oils on Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Crop in Organic Farming System

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frabboni ◽  
Tarantino ◽  
Petruzzi ◽  
Disciglio
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Natural Herbicides

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a well-known medicinal plant species in which the products requested from the market are those that are derived from the organic system. The study was conducted to assess the allelopathic effects, as natural herbicides, of two essential oils extracted from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and rosemary (Rosmarimum officinalis L.), with the objective of exploring the possibility of their utilization for future weed management. A field experiment was conducted over two seasons, when the infestation of 15 different weed species was detected. Each essential oil was applied at two different concentrations (50% diluted and undiluted), three times during the chamomile crop under an organic farm system. The results demonstrated that the germination of different weed species was affected differently by the type of essential oils and especially by their concentrations. The undiluted oils inhibited most of the germination of several weed species, highlighting a significantly higher percentage of Weed Control Efficiency (WCE) and suggesting the potential to be used as bio-herbicides. Bioherbicidal weed control methods could offer an advantage with respect to hand weeding, particularly from an economic point of view.

scholarly journals Changes in Soluble Carbohydrates in Floral Organs of Lilium longiflorum during Flower Development

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 682c-682
Author(s):  
Anil P. Ranwala ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Stage 1

Easter lily flower buds at five stages of development (stage 1, 3–4 cm in length; stage 2, 6–7 cm; stage 3, 9–10 cm; stage 4, unopened buds, 13–14 cm; and stage 5, open flower one day after anthesis) were harvested, and flower organs were dissected for carbohydrate analysis. Extracting soluble sugars in distilled water at 70°C gave the optimum yield of soluble sugars among the several extraction methods tested including 80% ethanol, and distilled water at various temperatures. Separation of the extracted soluble sugars by alkaline high performance anion exchange chromatography revealed the presence of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and two other sugars of unknown identity. Glucose and fructose concentrations increased remarkably during the flower development in sepal (about 15-fold), style (about 10-fold), and filament (about 5-fold), while sucrose levels remained constant at low concentrations. In stigma, sucrose levels increased parallel to the increase of hexose sugars during development. Ovary had high sucrose levels relative to hexoses that remained constant while hexoses increased gradually. In anther, hexose concentrations increased at the stage 2 and then dropped at stage 3 and 4. Sucrose levels were higher than hexoses in anther, and it increased from stage 1 to stage 2, then dropped at stage 3, and increased thereafter. In addition to these sugars, anthers at stages 2 and 3 had a series of late eluting oligosaccharides. These oligosaccharides could be hydrolyzed to glucose with hot 1 m H2SO4 or with amyloglucosidase.

scholarly journals Fast Quality Assessment of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction: Influence of Flower Development Stage

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini ◽  
An Adams ◽  
Hamid Sodaeizadeh ◽  
Patrick Van Damme ◽  
Norbert De Kimpe
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Development Stages

For an adequate quality evaluation of aromatic plants grown under different conditions, a rapid, simple and sensitive method for the analysis of volatile constituents is indispensable. The main objective of the present study was to compare fast screening of German chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.) by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with conventional isolation of the essential oil (steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDSE)) for the differentiation of chamomile essential oil constituents. Flowers were harvested at two distinct development stages: stage I, when ligulate flowers start to develop and tubular flowers are still closed, and stage II, when tubular flowers are partially to completely opened. Dried chamomile flowers at two development stages were extracted by means of both SDSE and HS-SPME, followed by GC-MS analysis. Among 30 compounds detected, ( E)-β-farnesene (49%), artemisia ketone (10%) and germacrene D (9%) were the predominant volatile components in the HS-SPME-extract, while α-bisabolol oxide A (42%), chamazulene (21%) and ( Z)-spiroether (8%) were the main essential oil constituents among the 13 compounds obtained by SDSE. After statistical analysis of the data, both techniques enabled the same conclusion: ( E)-β-farnesene was the only compound which showed significant differences between the two flower development stages. These results suggest that HS-SPME-GC-MS can be used as a sensitive technique for the rapid screening and quality assessment of M. chamomilla.

scholarly journals Fast gas chromatography characterisation of purified semiochemicals from essential oils of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) and Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 1216 (14) ◽  
pp. 2768-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Heuskin ◽  
Bruno Godin ◽  
Pascal Leroy ◽  
Quentin Capella ◽  
Jean-Paul Wathelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Nepeta Cataria ◽  
Fast Gas Chromatography

scholarly journals Essential and Recovery Oils from Matricaria chamomilla Flowers as Environmentally Friendly Fungicides Against Four Fungi Isolated from Cultural Heritage Objects

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervat EL-Hefny ◽  
Wael Abo Elgat ◽  
Asma Al-Huqail ◽  
Hayssam Ali
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Growth Of Fungi ◽  
Positive Controls

Recovery oils, obtained from the hydro-distillation of the fresh flowers of Matricaria chamomilla, as well as essential oils, were studied for their environmental purposes in cultural heritage. These oils were assayed for their antifungal activity against the growth of four molds isolated from archaeological manuscripts (Aspergillus niger), museum gypsum board Antique (A. flavus), museum archaeological tissue (A. terreus), and museum organic materials (Fusarium culmorum) of cultural heritage objects. Oils were applied to inhibit the growth of fungi at amounts of 25, 50, 75 and, 100 µL/mL, and compared with negative controls (0 µL/mL) or positive controls (Sertaconazol 3g/L). Using GC/MS analysis, the main chemical compounds identified in the essential oil were (Z)-β-farnesene (27%), D-limonene (15.25%), and α-bisabolol oxide A (14.9%), while the compounds identified in the recovery oil were α-bisabolol oxide A (18.6%), d-limonene (8.82%), and α-bisabolol oxide B (7.13%). A low amount of chamazulene was observed in both essential and recovery oils, with amounts of 0.73% and 3.50%, respectively. Recovery oil, at a concentration of 75 and 100 µL/mL, showed fungal mycelial inhibition (FMI) percentage for the growth of A. niger, with values of 78% and 85%, respectively. At a concentration of 100 µL/mL, both oils showed 100% FMI of A. terreus. Oils showed weak activity against the growth of A. flavus. Essential oils at 100 µL/mL had good activity against the growth of F. culmorum, with FMI of 86.6%. The results suggest the potential use of essential and recovery oils from M. chamomilla fresh flowers as environmentally friendly bio-fungicides.

scholarly journals In vitro Trypanocidal Activity of Essential Oils of Some Plants against Trypanosoma evansi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Basil Oil ◽  
Main Components

In this study, the antitrypanosomal action of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lavender), Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile) and Ocimum basilicum L. (Basil) essential oils was investigated against Trypanosoma evansi. The Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze these essential oils and identifying their chemical components. The main components present in lavender oil were 1,8-cineole (88.02%) and camphor (8.09%). In chamomile oil, bisabolol oxide (43.81%), cis-α-farnesene (17.79%) and bisabolone oxide (7.71%) were found to be the most predominant components. Basil oil is principally composed of benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) (52.68%), L-linalool (29.46%) and 1, 8-cineole (9.46%). In vitro results revealed that all the tested oils exhibited notable trypanocidal action and inhibited the growth of T. evansi. The minimum antitrypanosomal activity was determined by chamomile oil and the strongest was determined by lavender oil. These findings suggest that the tested essential oils could be investigated in future studies for the treatment of T. evansi.

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