Ethnobotanical survey and antibacterial activity of plants of the Mexican altiplane used for the treatment of oral cavity infections

Abstract Rapanea melanophloeos is traditionally used in South Africa in the treatment of ailments of the skin, pulmonary and gastro intestinal tract. This study was aimed at giving an overview of these traditional uses and comparing the phytochemicals and antibacterial activities of various crude extracts of the leaves, fruits and bark in order to validate these uses. The three plant parts were extracted using petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water. Various phytochemicals were compared using TLC, while alcohol precipitable solids (APS), non-polar terpenes and amino acids were analysed by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity was determined against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative strains by microdilution assays. Caryophyllene oxides, α-cadinol and (−)-spathulenol were identified in the PE extracts. All nine essential amino acids were present in fruit extracts in significantly higher levels than in the leaves and bark; 255.1, 23.4 and 21.3 mg/g respectively. Most of the extracts showed good antibacterial activity, especially against the Gram-positive pathogens (MIC of ≤1 mg/mL), the EtOAc extracts exhibited the best activity with the fruit having an MIC values of 0.1 ± 0.2 mg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis, 0.05 mg/mL against Bacillus cereus. Results from this study validate the ethnomedicinal uses of R. melanophloeos extracts for ailments of bacterial etiology. The plant had a rich supply of secondary metabolites, APS and amino acids and TLC and antibacterial activities of the extracts showed slight variations in chemical composition due to geographic distribution.

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Solvothermal Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Nanomaterial for Biomedical Applications

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.381.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 381 ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

Carlos Paucar Álvarez ◽

Jeniffer S. Caballero Sarmiento ◽

Sidónio C. Freitas ◽

Claudia García

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Magnesium Oxide ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Solvothermal Method ◽

Synergetic Effect ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽

Disk Diffusion Method

In order to generate bactericidal effects in the oral cavity, several alternatives have been studied, including the use of silver nanoparticles but presents problems such as toxicity and low biocompatibility. From human-inspired systems, the antibacterial efficiency of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles depends strongly on the type of composites and nanoparticles size. Several types of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and their derivatives have received much attention for their antibacterial potential effect, including magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The purpose of this research was to produce a biocompatible antimicrobial compound of nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium oxide to generate antibacterial effects in the oral cavity. The solvothermal method was used to produce hydroxyapatite nanoparticles doped with magnesium oxide. Antibacterial activity of as synthesized nanopowders against cariogenicStreptococcus mutanswas tested by the CLSI disk-diffusion method. As result of this research, hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium nanoparticles (nHAMg) were successfully synthetized by the solvothermal method where in structural characterization indicates magnesium substitution and FTIR analysis gives a broader spectrum of the nHAMg when compared to pure nHA and crystallite size of nHA decreased. Furthermore, results of antibacterial assays showed that nHAMg allow to inhibit the grown ofS. mutansby showing a halo of inhibition around the discs. Moreover, this antibacterial activity is enhanced by the addition of silver ion in an amount below to known toxic concentration, showing a synergetic effect that can further potentiate even more these HA nanoparticles. This work demonstrates that solvothermal method is a promising synthesis way for producing antibacterial hydroxyapatites nanoparticles for biomedical applications such as oral tissue regeneration.

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Antibacterial Activity of Different Toothpastes and Chewing Sticks on Selected Bacteria Isolated from the Oral Cavity

African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research ◽

10.52589/ajensr_s8tkvjnz ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 27-38

Author(s):

Anyiam I.V. ◽

Ariyo A.B.

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Primary School ◽

Serratia Marcescens ◽

Bacterial Isolate ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

E Coli ◽

Chewing Sticks

The present study assessed the antibacterial efficacy of different toothpastes and chewing sticks purchased from a local market in Yenagoa, on selected bacteria isolated from the oral cavity. 100 oral specimens were collected from the primary school pupils of Community Primary School Otuoke, Bayelsa State. The specimens were analyzed by culture, biochemical test and agar well diffusion. Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of ethanol, and aqueous extracts of the chewing sticks were investigated in this study. The bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Serratia marcescens. The highest bacterial isolate seen was E. coli, 27 (45%) while the lowest was Serratia marcescens, 2 (3.3%). The highest occurring bacterial isolates based on sex was seen in females with 32 (53.5%) while the least in male with 28 (46.7%). The age group with the highest bacterial isolate was 3–6years with 36 (60%) while the least was 11–14yaers with 8 (13.3%). Preliminary phytochemical screening of the chewing stick extracts revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids and terpenes in Salvadora persica, and saponins, terpenes and glycosides were present in Massularia acuminata. The toothpastes (Close up and Oral-B) showed antibacterial activity (p<0.05) against all the bacterial isolates; however, no significant activity was observed for Close up on E. coli. The ethanol extracts of both chewing sticks (M. acuminata and S. persica) showed antibacterial activity (p<0.05) against the bacterial isolates than the aqueous extracts. However, the aqueous extracts of S. persica were shown to be effective against E. coli and S. mutans, with inhibition zones of 13.5mm at 62.5mg/ml concentration and 4.5mm at 125mg/ml concentration respectively; this showed significant difference (p<0.05), whereas no significant zone of inhibition was observed for M. acuminata. In comparison, this study showed Oral-B proved more effective than Close up, while for the chewing sticks, S. persica exhibited the greater antibacterial activity. Also, the toothpastes showed more effective antibacterial properties than the chewing sticks.

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Antibacterial activity and effects of aromatic derivatives on denture base polymerization.

Journal Of Oral Research ◽

10.17126/joralres.2019.086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol S (1) ◽

pp. 24-27

Author(s):

Ammar AG. Alhamdani ◽

◽

Arjwan M. Shuker ◽

Inas A. Jawad ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Denture Base ◽

Plant Extraction ◽

Methacrylate Monomer ◽

Methyl Methacrylate Monomer

This study assessed the effect of copolymerization on the microbiota of the oral cavity. The plant extraction was converted into aromatic derivatives, which were added to methyl methacrylate monomer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed no negative effects of these additives on the polymerization process. All the assayed derivatives displayed some degree of antibacterial activity.

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The Ethnobotanical Survey, Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Extracts of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i330221 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-47

Author(s):

Bance Alimata ◽

Magnini René Dofini ◽

Compaore Souleymane ◽

Compaore Eli ◽

Ouedraogo Noufou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Prosopis Africana ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Ethnomedicinal Uses

Aims: To investigate the ethnomedicinal uses of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub and to screen the antimicrobial property as well as determine the phytochemical constituents of leaves, stems and root bark. Study Design: Ethnobotanical surveys, antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of extracts of P. africana. Place and Duration of Study: The ethnobotanical survey was conducted during June 2015 in Zounweogo Province. The experiments were conducted at the Department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH) of the Institute of Research in Health and Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LA.BIO.C.A), University Joseph KI-ZERBO. Methodology: The semi-structured questionnaires were administrated to 36 traditional healers and elucidated out on the ethnomedicinal uses of P. africana in treating bacterial infections, the plant parts used and the mode of administration. The antimicrobial activity of different polar extracts of the leaves, the stem and root were evaluated by using the agar diffusion method and the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts via microdilution method. The phytochemical constituents of all extracts were also screened air Ciulei method. Results: The traditional healers consisted of 64% women and 36% men were surveyed. P. africana is used to treat tooth decay, childhood diarrhoea and chronic wounds. Leaves and the stem bark are the most commonly used plant part in treating bacterial infections while the roots are primarily used for other therapeutic purposes. The main method of administration was decoction. Methanol extracts of the leaves showed better antibacterial activity on all bacterial strains than aqueous extracts: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC = 390 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 13.00 ±1.00 mm), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC = 390 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 12.33 ± 1.53 mm), Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 (MIC = 3120 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 13±1,00 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC = 12500 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 12.33±0.58 mm). Alkaloid salts, tannins, sterols and triterpenes, saponosides, flavonic glycosides and leucoanthocyans were found in extracts of the leaves, as well as in the barks of the stem and root. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that P. africana is a potent source of antimicrobial compounds and could justify its traditional use of in the folklore medicine of Zounweogo Province.

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