PREDICTIVE VALUE OF LOW AT III LEVELS FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF IVH, IRDS AND DEATH IN PREMATURE NEONATES

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
W van den Berg ◽  
M Peters ◽  
C Breederveld ◽  
J W ten Cate ◽  
J G Koppe
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Premature Neonates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Diffuse Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
A Prospective Study

The observation of AT III deficiency in premature neonates with Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS), suggests a positive predictive value for a poor outcome. The underlying diffuse intravascular coagulation could generate serious hemorrhagic complications like Peri/Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH).A prospective study was performed in consecutively born neonates to assess the predictive value of low AT III for theoccurrence of IVH, (gr. III/IV), IRDS, and death. Eighty-one neonates were included in the study during a period of 5 months. AT III levels were determined immediately after birth by a chromogenic substrate assay. Values in umbilical cord blood were identical with values in capillary or peripheral vein blood samples taken within 6 hours after birth. There was no correlation between AT III values and gestational age (r: 0.18). Twenty-four neonates with IRDS showed a mean AT III value of 0.23 U/ml (S. D. ± 0.07 U/ml) which was significantly lower than a mean AT III value of 0.35 U/ml (S. D. ± 0.1 U/ml) for neonates without IRDS (p ≺0.00005). When IVH gr. III/IV was diagnosed in neonates having IRDS (8/24) no significant difference in mean AT IIIact was observed with respect to jnean AT III levels of remaining neonates without this complication. No death occurred in neonates without IRDS. Mean AT IIIact (0.21 U/ml) in neonates with IRDS who died (9/24) was low compared with mean AT III levels of neonates with IRDS who survived (0.25 U/ml), but did not reach significance (p≻0.1). Assuming a critical value of AT III of 20% a positive predictive value of 89% for IRDS, 44% for IVH, and 56% for death was calculated. It is concluded that low AT Illact levels have a high predictive value for IRDS.

scholarly journals Mid-arm and Chest Circumferences for Estimating Low Birthweight

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Achmad Surjono
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

A prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of mid-arm and chest circumferences on low birth weights in 1033 singleton newborn infants. The proportion of low birth weight was 11.7%. Strong correlations on birth weight (P<0.001) were found for mid-arm (r-0.85) and chest (r=0.86) circumferences. A mid-arm circumference of ≤9,5 cm was considered as cut-off level for low birth weight, with a sensitivity of 0.818, specificity 0.956 and positive predictive value 0. 712. Whereas that of chest circumference wa ≤29.5 cm with a sensitivity of 0. 785, specificity 0.895 and positive predictive value 0.497. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare their diagnostic accuracy. The area under these two ROC(± SE) were 0.954 ± 0.011 for mid-arm and 0.945 ± 0.012 for chest circumferences, respectively. Both areas showed significant differences with the area under chance line. No statistically significant difference was found between the area under ROC of mid-arm and chest circumferences. The results showed that mid-arm and chest circumferences as simple and reliable measurements can be used in estimating low birth weight, in areas where the accurate weighing of newborn infants is not feasible.

scholarly journals Evaluation of uterine cervix with transvaginal ultrasonography in women with threatened preterm labor and or preterm labor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akila Shree ◽  
Chitra A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasonography ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Preterm delivery can be associated with substantial perinatal morbidity and mortality. Nearly in 5 to 13% of pregnancies, happening deliveries are preterm before 37 weeks' gestation. Thus, prediction of preterm labor in parturient can provide a window of opportunity to prevent these complications and to be better prepared to deal with them. Hence the current study has been conducted with an objective to assess the efficiency of cervical length and funneling as assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography in predicting preterm labor.Methods: The current study was a prospective study, conducted in the Department of Obstetrics Emergencies, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital between November 2015 to April 2017. The study population included 60 women with singleton pregnancy of gestational age between 28 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks and with painful and regular contractions (>1/10 min for at least 1 hour). Cervical length, funnelling length measured at presentation and after 48 hours were considered as predictor variables. The outcomes of interest were delivery within 1 week, delivery before 37 weeks and delivery before 34 weeks.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in cervical length and funnelling length between term and preterm groups at the time of diagnosis and after 48 hours (P <0.001). The positive predictive value increased from 33.3% to 100% with cervical length ≤ 40 mm to ≤ 20 mm. The negative predictive value decreased from 100% to 79.2% with cervical length ≤40 mm to ≤20 mm. To predict a preterm delivery in threatened preterm delivery patients, the sensitivity of a cervical length of ≤25 mm was 77.7%, specificity was 95.2%, the positive predictive value was 87.5% and negative predictive value is 90.9%.Conclusions: Cervical length and funnelling as assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography are efficient in predicting preterm labor.

scholarly journals Reliability of digital panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilson Lacerda Brasileiro Junior ◽  
Aníbal Henrique Barbosa Luna ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Oliveira de Sales ◽  
Tânia Lemos Coelho Rodrigues ◽  
Priscilla Lopes da Fonseca Abrantes Sarmento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Digital Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mcnemar’S Test ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective The present study evaluated the reliability of digital panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients under high-risk for development of carotid artery calcifications who had digital panoramic radiography were referred to undergo ultrasonography. Thus, 70 arteries were assessed by both methods. The main parameters utilized to evaluate the panoramic radiography reliability in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of this method as compared with ultrasonography. Additionally, the McNemar's test was utilized to verify whether there was a statistically significant difference between digital panoramic radiography and ultrasonography. Results Ultrasonography demonstrated carotid artery calcifications in 17 (48.57%) patients. Such individuals presented with a total of 29 (41.43%) carotid arteries affected by calcification. Radiography was accurate in 71.43% (n = 50) of cases evaluated. The degree of sensitivity of this method was 37.93%, specificity of 95.12% and positive predictive value of 84.61%. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between the methods evaluated in their capacity to diagnose carotid artery calcifications. Conclusion Digital panoramic radiography should not be indicated as a method of choice in the investigation of carotid artery calcifications.

scholarly journals Agreement between commercially available ELISA and in-house Luminex SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunoassays

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Santano ◽  
Diana Barrios ◽  
Fàtima Crispi ◽  
Francesca Crovetto ◽  
Marta Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome

AbstractSerological diagnostic of the severe respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a valuable tool for the determination of immunity and surveillance of exposure to the virus. In the context of an ongoing pandemic, it is essential to externally validate widely used tests to assure correct diagnostics and epidemiological estimations. We evaluated the performance of the COVID-19 ELISA IgG and the COVID-19 ELISA IgM/A (Vircell, S.L.) against a highly specific and sensitive in-house Luminex immunoassay in a set of samples from pregnant women and cord blood. The agreement between both assays was moderate to high for IgG but low for IgM/A. Considering seropositivity by either IgG and/or IgM/A, the technical performance of the ELISA was highly imbalanced, with 96% sensitivity at the expense of 22% specificity. As for the clinical performance, the negative predictive value reached 87% while the positive predictive value was 51%. Our results stress the need for highly specific and sensitive assays and external validation of diagnostic tests with different sets of samples to avoid the clinical, epidemiological and personal disturbances derived from serological misdiagnosis.

scholarly journals DIATHERMY INCISIONS V/S SURGICAL SCALPEL INCISIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1550-1524
Author(s):  
Khawar Saeed Jamali ◽  
Naveed Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Jawed ◽  
Ubedullah Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of diathermyincisions v/s surgical scalpel incisions in general surgery. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at surgical unit 7, Sindh Govt. LyariGeneral Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences between January to December 2009.Methodology: 100 consecutive patients for elective general surgery were randomly assignedto either group A incision with cutting diathermy (n=50) or group B cold steel scalpel (n=50).Data including demographic details, hospital stay, infection rate and non-infective complicationslike swelling, bleeding, dehiscence and seroma formation were recorded in both groups tocompare the final surgical outcome compared. Results: A total of 80 patients were included inthe study, placed alternatively into two groups of 40 patients each with majority being male (n =61, 76.3%). The mean age was 22.46 years. The positive predictive value for patients of Group Awas 92.5% while for Group B was 77.5%. When diagnostic accuracy was compared on the basisof Gender for the two groups, the positive predictive value for male patients of Group A and Bwas 90.09% and 89.28% respectively, but for females the positive predictive value of Group Aand B was 100% and 50% respectively. In Diathermy (Group A) total 20% patients developedcomplications and these were seroma formation (n=4, 8%), wound dehiscence (n=3, 6%) andwound infection (n=3, 6%). In Scalpel (Group B) total 26% patients developed complications(P-value=0.370) in which seromas was noted (n=5, 10%) then wound infection (n=4, 8%), thenwound bleeding (n=3, 6%) and lastly seroma formation (n=1, 2%). Hospital stays were alsoalmost similar with mean value 8.24 days in diathermy group and 10.54 days in scalpel group.No remarkable difference in demographics, characteristics and in other variables of patientswas noted. Conclusion: We conclude that no significant difference in surgical outcome ofboth groups (cutting diathermy Vs. steel scalpel). Therefore, use of either technique to createsurgical wound merely depends upon preference of surgeon.

The Predictive Value of the Hemostasis Parameters in the Development of Preeclampsia

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (02) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hung Ho ◽  
Zwa-Ling Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Serine Esterase ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Iii ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryIn order to find out which hemostasis parameters would have the predictive value for the development of preeclampsia, modified antithrombin III (ATM, representative of the antithrombin Ill-serine esterase complex), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), beta-throm-boglobulin (BTG), antithrombin III (AT III), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation product (FDP), FDP D-dimer and euglobulin lysis time (ELT) were measured in 20 normal nonpregnant women, 21 normal pregnant women, 6 high-risk pregnant women, 14 preeclampsia pregnant women, and 5 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Only tPA and AT III were found significantly different between the preeclampsia and the normal or high-risk pregnant women: tPA was found progressively and significantly increased from the normal pregnant, to the high-risk pregnant, then to the preeclampsia women (p <0.05). AT III was significantly lower in the preeclampsia than in the normal pregnant (p = 0.0001) or in the high-risk pregnant women (p = 0.002). In the 2nd trimester, tPA, PAI, fibrinogen and FDP were significantly higher, and AT III was significantly lower in the preeclampsia than in the normal pregnant women, whereas in the 3rd trimester, tPA and AT III were significantly higher or lower, respectively, in the preeclampsia than in the normal pregnant women. No significant difference of ATM could be found between the preeclampsia and the normal or high-risk pregnant women. From the present study, we suggest that tPA and AT III would be used as the main predictors, and FDP and D-dimer as the complementary predictors for the development of preeclampsia and should be detected in the normal or high-risk pregnant women.

scholarly journals Shear wave elastography: Can it be a new radiologic approach for the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction?

Ultrasound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustu Turkay ◽  
Ercan Inci ◽  
Mustafa Gurkan Yenice ◽  
Volkan Tugcu
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common health problem among males, and radiology has limited use in its diagnosis and treatment. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a new sonographic technique. In this study, we examined the significance of SWE in the diagnosis of ED. Methods The study included a total number of 70 participants. The mean age of the participants was 54.14 ± 8.03 years (range: 39 and 71 years old). We composed two groups. Group 1 had 35 patients who presented to the urology clinic in our hospital complaining of ED, and had a score of 17 or lower from the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Group 2 consisted of 35 healthy volunteers who did not have ED. SWE measurements were performed from corpus cavernosum penis in both groups, and the results were noted. Differences between the groups were evaluated statistically. Results The difference between the mean SWE measurements of two groups (Group 1: 20.94 ± 6.23 kPa and group 2: 24.63 ± 7.58 kPa) was found to be statistically significant ( p = 0.027; p < 0.05). For a cut-off value of 17.1 kPa, the SWE method has specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value regarding diagnosis of ED as 94.29%, 34.29%, 85.71%, and 58.93%, respectively. The mean age of the groups did not show a statistically significant difference ( p = 0.287; p > 0.05). Conclusions Due to its high specificity and positive predictive value, SWE can offer useful data in the radiologic evaluation of ED cases.

scholarly journals The role of transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: new contributions

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Marinho Lopes ◽  
Luís Sepúlveda ◽  
Rui Ramos ◽  
Pedro Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Prostate Biopsies ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sextant Biopsy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Objective: The present study was aimed at evaluating the contribution of transrectal prostate ultrasound in the screening for prostate neoplasias and in the guidance of prostate biopsies. Materials and Methods: Prospective study developed over a one-year period. All the patients with indication for prostate biopsy were evaluated. Regardless of PSA values, the patients underwent ultrasound in order to identify suspicious nodules (confirmed by two observers). Sextant biopsy was subsequently performed. In cases of finding suspicious nodules, an additional puncture directed to such nodules was done. Results: In a total of 155 cases the prevalence of malignancy was of 53%. Suspicious nodules were detected in 34 patients, and 25 where malignant (positive predictive value of 74%). The specificity and sensitivity for suspicious nodules were 88% and 31% respectively. Comparatively with the randomly obtained sextant specimens, the rate of findings of neoplasia was higher in the specimens obtained with puncture directed to the nodule (p = 0.032). No statistically significant difference was observed in the Gleason score for both types of specimens (p = 0.172). Conclusion: The high positive predictive value and the high rate of findings of neoplasia in specimens of suspicious nodules should be taken into consideration in the future. The authors suggest a biopsy technique similar to the one described in the present study (sextant biopsy plus puncture directed to the suspicious nodule).

Reproduction management in dairy cattle: a prospective study using progesterone and oestrone sulphate for monitoring pregnancy

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kourletaki-Belibasaki ◽  
A. Stefanakis ◽  
D. Vafiadis ◽  
G. Hatzidakis ◽  
E. Krambovitis
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Oestrone Sulphate ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
A Prospective Study

AbstractIn a prospective 2-year study, milk progesterone and oestrone sulphate determinations were used to monitor and assess pregnancy in lactating cows. The testing was done centrally at a government regional veterinary establishment which was responsible for providing semen to the farms of the area and also had available specialist expertise in animal reproduction. Sample collection and dissemination of test results were achieved through the network of the artificial insemination service. This approach was preferred because it was considered ergonomic, cost-effective and reliable. Comparison of oestrus behavioural signs and progesterone on the day of insemination revealed that 7·8% (89/1133) of the animals tested had high progesterone levels. Single progesterone testing on day 21 post insemination was not satisfactory for pregnancy diagnosis as the positive predictive value was 83·0% (147/177). The combination of low progesterone on day 0 and high progesterone on day 21 improved the positive predictive value to 87·4% (235/269). Results from 400 samples taken 110 to 130 days post insemination from 53 animals revealed that cows with oestrone sulphate concentrations greater than 0·1 μg/l actually calved. This assay appears to be particularly suitable as a pregnancy confirmation test. A pilot field study implementing a programme of testing on days 0, 21 and 42 for progesterone and between days 110 to 130 for oestrone sulphate not only achieved almost absolute pregnancy predictive values but careful result analysis strongly indicated that the approach of systematic testing can also reveal the fertility profile of a given herd and help to identify potential causes of pregnancy failure from the period of the reproduction cycle in which they occur.

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