The role of transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: new contributions

Objective: The present study was aimed at evaluating the contribution of transrectal prostate ultrasound in the screening for prostate neoplasias and in the guidance of prostate biopsies. Materials and Methods: Prospective study developed over a one-year period. All the patients with indication for prostate biopsy were evaluated. Regardless of PSA values, the patients underwent ultrasound in order to identify suspicious nodules (confirmed by two observers). Sextant biopsy was subsequently performed. In cases of finding suspicious nodules, an additional puncture directed to such nodules was done. Results: In a total of 155 cases the prevalence of malignancy was of 53%. Suspicious nodules were detected in 34 patients, and 25 where malignant (positive predictive value of 74%). The specificity and sensitivity for suspicious nodules were 88% and 31% respectively. Comparatively with the randomly obtained sextant specimens, the rate of findings of neoplasia was higher in the specimens obtained with puncture directed to the nodule (p = 0.032). No statistically significant difference was observed in the Gleason score for both types of specimens (p = 0.172). Conclusion: The high positive predictive value and the high rate of findings of neoplasia in specimens of suspicious nodules should be taken into consideration in the future. The authors suggest a biopsy technique similar to the one described in the present study (sextant biopsy plus puncture directed to the suspicious nodule).

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A machine learning approach for predicting suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90728-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melissa Macalli ◽

Marie Navarro ◽

Massimiliano Orri ◽

Marie Tournier ◽

Rodolphe Thiébaut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Students ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Receiver Operating Curve ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Suicidal Thoughts ◽

One Year

AbstractSuicidal thoughts and behaviours are prevalent among college students. Yet little is known about screening tools to identify students at higher risk. We aimed to develop a risk algorithm to identify the main predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students within one-year of baseline assessment. We used data collected in 2013–2019 from the French i-Share cohort, a longitudinal population-based study including 5066 volunteer students. To predict suicidal thoughts and behaviours at follow-up, we used random forests models with 70 potential predictors measured at baseline, including sociodemographic and familial characteristics, mental health and substance use. Model performance was measured using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, and positive predictive value. At follow-up, 17.4% of girls and 16.8% of boys reported suicidal thoughts and behaviours. The models achieved good predictive performance: AUC, 0.8; sensitivity, 79% for girls, 81% for boys; and positive predictive value, 40% for girls and 36% for boys. Among the 70 potential predictors, four showed the highest predictive power: 12-month suicidal thoughts, trait anxiety, depression symptoms, and self-esteem. We identified a parsimonious set of mental health indicators that accurately predicted one-year suicidal thoughts and behaviours in a community sample of college students.

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One-Year Clinical Evaluation of the Bonding Effectiveness of a One-Step, Self-Etch Adhesive in Noncarious Cervical Lesion Therapy

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2015/984065 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Babacar Faye ◽

Mouhamed Sarr ◽

Khaly Bane ◽

Adjaratou Wakha Aidara ◽

Seydina Ousmane Niang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Performance ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Recall Rate ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Usphs Criteria ◽

One Step ◽

One Year ◽

The One ◽

Self Etch

This study evaluated the one-year clinical performance of a one-step, self-etch adhesive (Optibond All-in-One, Kerr, CA, USA) combined with a composite (Herculite XRV Ultra, Kerr Hawe, CA, USA) to restore NCCLs with or without prior acid etching. Restorations performed by the same practitioner were evaluated at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months using modified USPHS criteria. At 6 months, the recall rate was 100%. The retention rate was 84.2% for restorations with prior acid etching, but statistically significant differences were observed between baseline and 6 months. Without acid etching, the retention rate was 77%, and no statistically significant difference was noted between 3 and 6 months. Marginal integrity (93.7% with and 87.7% without acid etching) and discoloration (95.3% with and 92.9% without acid etching) were scored as Alpha or Bravo, with better results after acid etching. After one year, the recall rate was 58.06%. Loss of pulp vitality, postoperative sensitivity, or secondary caries were not observed. After one year retention rate was of 90.6% and 76.9% with and without acid conditioning. Optibond All-in-One performs at a satisfactory clinical performance level for restoration of NCCLs after 12 months especially after acid etching.

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PREDICTIVE VALUE OF LOW AT III LEVELS FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF IVH, IRDS AND DEATH IN PREMATURE NEONATES

10.1055/s-0038-1644268 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

W van den Berg ◽

M Peters ◽

C Breederveld ◽

J W ten Cate ◽

J G Koppe

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Peripheral Vein ◽

Premature Neonates ◽

Significant Difference ◽

At Iii ◽

Diffuse Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

A Prospective Study

The observation of AT III deficiency in premature neonates with Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS), suggests a positive predictive value for a poor outcome. The underlying diffuse intravascular coagulation could generate serious hemorrhagic complications like Peri/Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH).A prospective study was performed in consecutively born neonates to assess the predictive value of low AT III for theoccurrence of IVH, (gr. III/IV), IRDS, and death. Eighty-one neonates were included in the study during a period of 5 months. AT III levels were determined immediately after birth by a chromogenic substrate assay. Values in umbilical cord blood were identical with values in capillary or peripheral vein blood samples taken within 6 hours after birth. There was no correlation between AT III values and gestational age (r: 0.18). Twenty-four neonates with IRDS showed a mean AT III value of 0.23 U/ml (S. D. ± 0.07 U/ml) which was significantly lower than a mean AT III value of 0.35 U/ml (S. D. ± 0.1 U/ml) for neonates without IRDS (p ≺0.00005). When IVH gr. III/IV was diagnosed in neonates having IRDS (8/24) no significant difference in mean AT IIIact was observed with respect to jnean AT III levels of remaining neonates without this complication. No death occurred in neonates without IRDS. Mean AT IIIact (0.21 U/ml) in neonates with IRDS who died (9/24) was low compared with mean AT III levels of neonates with IRDS who survived (0.25 U/ml), but did not reach significance (p≻0.1). Assuming a critical value of AT III of 20% a positive predictive value of 89% for IRDS, 44% for IVH, and 56% for death was calculated. It is concluded that low AT Illact levels have a high predictive value for IRDS.

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Reliability of digital panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications

Radiologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-39842014000100011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 28-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vilson Lacerda Brasileiro Junior ◽

Aníbal Henrique Barbosa Luna ◽

Marcelo Augusto Oliveira de Sales ◽

Tânia Lemos Coelho Rodrigues ◽

Priscilla Lopes da Fonseca Abrantes Sarmento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Panoramic Radiography ◽

Digital Panoramic Radiography ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mcnemar’S Test ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Objective The present study evaluated the reliability of digital panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients under high-risk for development of carotid artery calcifications who had digital panoramic radiography were referred to undergo ultrasonography. Thus, 70 arteries were assessed by both methods. The main parameters utilized to evaluate the panoramic radiography reliability in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of this method as compared with ultrasonography. Additionally, the McNemar's test was utilized to verify whether there was a statistically significant difference between digital panoramic radiography and ultrasonography. Results Ultrasonography demonstrated carotid artery calcifications in 17 (48.57%) patients. Such individuals presented with a total of 29 (41.43%) carotid arteries affected by calcification. Radiography was accurate in 71.43% (n = 50) of cases evaluated. The degree of sensitivity of this method was 37.93%, specificity of 95.12% and positive predictive value of 84.61%. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between the methods evaluated in their capacity to diagnose carotid artery calcifications. Conclusion Digital panoramic radiography should not be indicated as a method of choice in the investigation of carotid artery calcifications.

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An evaluation of the nature and level of musculoskeletal imaging training in physiotherapy educational programme in Nigeria

10.21203/rs.2.17163/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ogochukwu Kelechi Onyeso ◽

Joseph O Umunnah ◽

Charles Ikechukwu Ezema ◽

Joseph A Balogun ◽

Chigozie Uchenwoke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Imaging ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Educational Programme ◽

Medical Rehabilitation ◽

Musculoskeletal Imaging ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Level Of Training ◽

One Year ◽

The One ◽

Training Programmes

Abstract Background: Previous studies have shown that deficiency in training may lead to inappropriate utilisation of diagnostic imaging among healthcare professionals, thus, raising concerns about patient safety and economic cost. This study aimed to evaluate the nature and level of musculoskeletal imaging (MI) training received by physiotherapists who graduated from Nigerian universities and completed the one-year mandatory internship. Methods: An online version of the Physiotherapist Musculoskeletal Imaging Profiling Questionnaire (PMIPQ), which was previously validated, was administered to all eligible physiotherapists identified through the database of the Medical Rehabilitation Therapist Board’s (MRTBN). Data were obtained on demographics, nature, and level of training on various MI modalities using the PMIPQ. Descriptive statistics, Friedman’s ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for the data analysis at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that only 10.0% of the respondents had a standalone undergraduate course in MI, 92.8% did not have any MI clinical posting exposure during the internship, and 67.3% had never attended any MI workshop. There was a significant difference in the level of training received across various MI modalities [χ2 (15) = 1285.899; P = 0.001]. However, there was no significant difference in the level of MI training across the institutions (P = 0.36). The study participants with Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) education were better trained in MI than their counterparts with a bachelor’s degree (P = 0.047). Conclusions: The self-reported level of MI training among the respondents was deficient, but the knowledge of X-ray was significantly higher than other MI modalities. Based on the overall findings in this study, we recommend that diagnostic imaging contents be introduced early in the current and future physiotherapy training programmes.

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HPV screening performance indicators in women who previously tested HPV-negative: The second round of Vallecamonica screening programme, Northern Italy

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/0969141320905325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 207-214

Author(s):

Luigi Pasquale ◽

Paolo G Rossi ◽

Francesca Carozzi ◽

Serena Domenighini ◽

Cristina Ruggeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Screening Programme ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Female Population ◽

Hpv Test ◽

Hpv Screening ◽

One Year

Objective To present performance indicators from the second round of the Vallecamonica-Sebino HPV screening programme in women who had tested negative about four years earlier (mean 45 months). Methods From 2010 to 2012, the target female population (aged 25–64) was invited to the first HPV screening round. In 2013–2017, women were rescreened for the second round. HPV-negative women at the first round were initially rescreened after three years. The interval was gradually increased to five years. HPV-positive women underwent cytology triage: positives were referred to colposcopy and negatives to repeat testing after one year. If HPV was persistently positive, women were referred to colposcopy, if negative, to normal interval rescreening. Results In the second round, of 13,824 previously HPV-negative women, 598 were HPV-positive (4.3%), of whom 297 were positive at cytology triage. Of those referred to one-year HPV test, 291 complied (98.0%), 133 (50.2%) of whom were persistently positive. Total referral was 3.1% compared with 6.6% in the first round (age-adjusted relative referral 0.59, 95% CI: 0.53–0.65). There were 24 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (three cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3+). Detection was 0.17%, compared with 0.9% in the first round. Age-adjusted relative detections were 0.25 (95% CI: 0.16–0.39) and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.05–0.61) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3+, respectively. Positive predictive value was 5.7%, compared with 14.6% in the first round. Conclusions At second round, referral was half that at first round, while cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ detection decreased nine-fold. Consequently, positive predictive value decreased dramatically. Rescreening four years after an HPV-negative test makes the process inefficient due to the low prevalence of lesions.

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Mid-arm and Chest Circumferences for Estimating Low Birthweight

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi33.1-2.1993.24-31 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1-2) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

Achmad Surjono

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Significant Difference ◽

A Prospective Study

A prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of mid-arm and chest circumferences on low birth weights in 1033 singleton newborn infants. The proportion of low birth weight was 11.7%. Strong correlations on birth weight (P<0.001) were found for mid-arm (r-0.85) and chest (r=0.86) circumferences. A mid-arm circumference of ≤9,5 cm was considered as cut-off level for low birth weight, with a sensitivity of 0.818, specificity 0.956 and positive predictive value 0. 712. Whereas that of chest circumference wa ≤29.5 cm with a sensitivity of 0. 785, specificity 0.895 and positive predictive value 0.497. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare their diagnostic accuracy. The area under these two ROC(± SE) were 0.954 ± 0.011 for mid-arm and 0.945 ± 0.012 for chest circumferences, respectively. Both areas showed significant differences with the area under chance line. No statistically significant difference was found between the area under ROC of mid-arm and chest circumferences. The results showed that mid-arm and chest circumferences as simple and reliable measurements can be used in estimating low birth weight, in areas where the accurate weighing of newborn infants is not feasible.

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P2754Streptococcal infective endocarditis: distribution of species and their prognosis

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.1071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

S Chamat ◽

A Dahl ◽

C Hassager ◽

M Arpi ◽

L Oestergaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infective Endocarditis ◽

Electronic Device ◽

Species Level ◽

University Hospital ◽

Heart Valve Disease ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Streptococcal Species ◽

Species Groups ◽

One Year ◽

The One

Abstract Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is frequently caused by streptococcal species. However, there is limited knowledge about the relationship between different streptococcal species and IE, and their associated outcomes. Purpose To examine the prevalence of streptococci at species level in IE, and to relate these different species to outcomes. Methods From 2002–2012 we prospectively collected consecutive patients with IE admitted to two tertiary heart centres covering a catchment area of 2.4 million people. The registry comprises 915 IE patients, 366 (40%) with streptococcal IE. Based on phylogenetic relationship, streptococcal species were classified into seven main groups: Mitis, Bovis, Mutans, Anginosus, Salivarius, Pyogenic and Nutritionally Variant Streptococcus (NVS). Classification at species level was not possible in 51 patients, who were excluded. Complications and prognosis of streptococcal IE were compared between the subgroups, and at species level. Results We included 315 patients with streptococcal IE. Mean age was 63 (IQR 52–76) years, and most were men (67%). A total of 115 patients (37%) had a previous heart valve disease, 58 (18%) had a prosthetic valve, 22 (7%) had previously had IE and 29 (9%) had a cardiac electronic device. With 148 episodes (47%) the Mitis group was the most common cause of IE. Other frequent groups were the Pyogenic group and the Bovis group, accounting for 66 (21%) and 51 (16%) of the cases, respectively. Surgery was carried out in 55% (n=173) of all cases. Patients infected with S. pneumoniae or S. agalactiae had a significantly higher rate of surgery, 72.2% (n=13) and 71.9% (n=23) respectively, whereas the Bovis group had a significantly lower rate, 35.5% (n=18) (p=0.048). The aortic valve was infected in 137 patients (43.5%), mitral valve in 105 patients (33.3%) and both valves were infected in 53 patients (16.8%). Twenty patients (6.3%) had right-sided IE, including pacemaker lead IE. There was no significant difference between the species subgroups regarding type of infected valve. Embolization and osteitis were observed in 76 (24.1%) and 30 (9.5%) patients, respectively. There was no significant difference between the species groups, as was the case with mortality: 23 patients (7.3%) died in-hospital and the one-year mortality was 16% (n=50). Distribution of streptococcal IE Conclusion Species of the Mitis group were the most frequent Streptococci causing IE. Patients infected with S. pneumonia or S. agalactiae had significantly higher rate of surgery, and patients infected with S. bovis group had lower rate of surgery. There was no significant difference in rate of complications such as abscesses, embolization, osteitis or mortality between the streptococcal species. Acknowledgement/Funding Supported by grants from Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital Research Foundation

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Positive predictive value of device-detected atrial high-rate episodes at different rates and durations: An analysis from ASSERT

Heart Rhythm ◽

10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.03.017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1241-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Elizabeth S. Kaufman ◽

Carsten W. Israel ◽

Girish M. Nair ◽

Luciana Armaganijan ◽

Syamkumar Divakaramenon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

High Rate

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Aspects of Lactation in the Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata), in Waters of Eastern New South Wales.

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9830881 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 881 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

TR Grant ◽

M Griffiths ◽

RMC Leckie

Keyword(s):

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Young Leave ◽

South Wales ◽

Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lactating Females ◽

One Year ◽

The One ◽

First Time

Female platypuses captured in waters of eastern New South Wales were found to be lactating between the months of October and March. Lactating females were most numerous in December, accounting for 64% of females captured. Non-lactating females were taken in all months, indicating that not all females breed successfully every year. There was no significant difference between the fatty acid complement of milk taken from a platypus lactating very late in the season and those of others sampled in December at the peak of the lactation season. Some evidence exists that females do not become reproductive until at least their second year of life. Some females were found lactating in consecutive years, and others lactated one year and not in the one following. Animals of over 9 years of age are known to breed. Most juveniles were captured in February, March and April, and it is suggested that the young leave the breeding burrows for the first time in late January through to March, and become independent from their mothers, who are ceasing lactation at that time.

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