The Effect of Defibrinogenation on Pulmonary Embolism in Dogs

SummaryThe role of fibrinogen in the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism is not clearly understood. A study was therefore performed in order to determine the effect of defibrinogenation on the sequelae of experimental pulmonary embolization in the canine model. Total defibrinogenation was achieved by treating 15 dogs with Defibrase over a period of three days, and these were studied and compared with 15 control animals. The embolus was produced by injection of a homologous clot into the superior vena cava. A 27 per cent mortality rate was observed after embolism in the control group, but there were no deaths in the Defibrase-treated animals. Hemodynamic and pulmonary gas exchange disturbances occuring in the control group were more severe than those in the treated group and were associated with marked fibrinogen consumption. It is suggested, therefore, that defibrinogenation reduces the mortality and severity of the pathophysiological changes associated with pulmonary embolization probably by inhibition of pulmonary intravascular coagulation and by changing the rheological properties of the blood.

Download Full-text

Pulmonary Embolism from Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis and the Role of Superior Vena Cava Filters: A Review of the Literature

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.jvir.2010.02.021 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 779-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Charles A. Owens ◽

James T. Bui ◽

M. Grace Knuttinen ◽

Ron C. Gaba ◽

Tami C. Carrillo

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Vena Cava Filters ◽

Deep Vein

Download Full-text

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.76.1.28 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yukari Egashira ◽

Shin Nagaki ◽

Hiroo Sanada

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽

Low Level ◽

Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Download Full-text

Haemostatic Clot Formation at Anastomosis of Synthetic Venous Graft in Defibrinogenated Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650187 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (03) ◽

pp. 276-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S Ishimaru ◽

E Berglin ◽

H-A Hansson ◽

A-C Teger-Nilsson ◽

G William-Olsson

Keyword(s):

Vena Cava ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Fibrin Network ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Graft ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Scanning Electron

SummaryA segment of the inferior vena cava was replaced by an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in 13 dogs. Five of them served as a control group, while the other 8 were moderately or severely defibrinogenated with subcutaneous batroxobin. Plasma fibrinogen decreased to extremely low values throughout the experiment in the defibrinogenated dogs except in the moderately treated group in which it temporarily rose to 0.72-0.87 g/1 on the first postoperative day.Scanning electron microscopic observations of the haemostatic clot formed at the anastomoses of the graft revealed no significant morphological differences in platelet adhesion and/or aggregation between the three groups. These findings confirmed that platelets play a key role in primary haemostasis during defibrinogenation.The fibrin network was slightly diminished and only short fibrin filaments could be seen in the moderately and severely defibrinogenated groups respectively. These differences in composition of the clots are discussed in relation to their haemostatic capacity.

Download Full-text

Coughing as a potentially effective induction method of atrial tachycardia: a case report

European Heart Journal - Case Reports ◽

10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa459 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Reina Tonegawa-Kuji ◽

Kenichiro Yamagata ◽

Kengo Kusano

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Vein ◽

Atrial Tachycardia ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

P Wave ◽

Induction Method ◽

Voluntary Cough ◽

Wave Morphology ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Cough-induced atrial tachycardia (AT) is extremely rare and its electrical origin remains largely unknown. Atrial tachycardias triggered by pharyngeal stimulation, such as swallowing or speech, appears to be more common and the majority of them originate from the superior vena cava or right superior pulmonary vein (PV). Only one case of swallow-triggered AT with right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) origin has been reported to date. Case summary We present a case of a 41-year-old man with recurring episodes of AT in the daytime. He underwent electrophysiology study without sedation. Atrial tachycardia was not observed when the patient entered the examination room and could not be induced with conventional induction procedures. By having the patient cough periodically on purpose, transient AT with P-wave morphology similar to the clinical AT was consistently induced. Activation mapping of the AT revealed a centrifugal pattern with the earliest activity localized inside the RIPV. After successful radiofrequency isolation of the right PV, AT was no longer inducible. Discussion In the rare case of cough-induced AT originating from the RIPV, the proximity of the inferior right ganglionated plexi (GP) suggests the role of GP in triggering tachycardia. This is the first report that demonstrates voluntary cough was used to induce AT. In such cases that induction of AT is difficult using conventional methods, having the patient cough may be an effective induction method that is easy to attempt.

Download Full-text

INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF MORUS ALBA IN REVERSING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDER IN RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.13674 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Hanaa H. Ahmed ◽

Fatehya M Metwally ◽

Hend Rashad ◽

Asmaa M Zaazaa

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Metabolic Disorder ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Treated Group ◽

Morus Alba ◽

The Other ◽

Obese Group ◽

Control Group

ABSTRACT Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the viability of Morus alba (M. alba) ethanolic extract in repression of obesity-associated hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorder; dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glycemic status. Methods: Adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, eight rats each as follows: Group (1) control group received standard rodent diet for 24 weeks. The other three groups administered high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and served as obese group, M. alba-treated group, and simvastatin-treated group. Results: The current results showed an increment in thoracic circumference (TCX) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as body mass index (BMI) in obese group. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been elucidated in obese group. Moreover, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin values were significantly increased in obese groups versus control group. On the other hand, administration of ethanolic extract of Morus alba or simvastatin could significantly lessen BMI and in addition to improve dyslipidemia in obese group. Glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance value in serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in obese group upon treatment with M. alba ethanolic extract or simvastatin. Furthermore, noticeable depletion in hepatic MDA, NO contents, serum ALT, AST activities, and serum bilirubin level was recorded as a result of treatment with either ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes (hepatic steatosis) associated with inflammatory cells penetration in portal zone in obese group. Meanwhile, the treatment of obese groups with ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin was found to restore the structural organization of the liver. Conclusion: The present findings provide a novel aspect for understanding of the role of M. alba against obesity-associated liver diseases and related metabolic disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to depend on the hypolipidemic potential, anti-inflammatory property, and antioxidant activity of its phytochemicals. Keywords: Obesity, Morus alba, Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia, Hepatic steatosis.

Download Full-text

Protective effects of histamine on Gq-mediated relaxation in regenerated endothelium

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00733.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 306 (2) ◽

pp. H286-H290 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Calvin K. Chan ◽

Song Yan Liao ◽

Yue Lin Zhang ◽

Aimin Xu ◽

Hung Fat Tse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Area Under The Curve ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Porcine Coronary Artery ◽

Endogenous Histamine ◽

Coronary Endothelium ◽

Treatment Control Group

In the porcine coronary artery, regenerated endothelium is dysfunctional as regards the responses to endothelium-dependent agonists. The current study aimed to determine the possible involvement of histamine in such dysfunction. Pigs were treated chronically with pyrilamine (H1 receptor inhibitor, 2 mg·kg−1·day−1) with part of their coronary endothelium and allowed to regenerate for 28 days after balloon denudation. The results showed a reduction in relaxation to bradykinin (Gq protein dependent) only in the pyrilamine-treated group (area under the curve, 269.7 ± 13.4 vs. 142.0 ± 31.0, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium) but not in the control group (253.0 ± 22.1 vs. 231.9 ± 29.5, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). The differences in the relaxation to serotonin (Gi protein dependent) between native and regenerated endothelium were not affected by the pyrilamine treatment (control group, 106.3 ± 17.0 vs. 55.61 ± 12.7; and pyrilamine group, 106.0 ± 8.20 vs. 49.30 ± 6.31, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). These findings indicate that during regeneration of the endothelium, the activation of H1 receptors by endogenous histamine may be required to maintain the endothelium-dependent Gq protein-mediated relaxation to bradykinin, suggesting a beneficial role of the monoamine in the process of endothelial regeneration.

Download Full-text

Efficacy, safety, and role of segmental superior vena cava isolation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation

Journal of Electrocardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2007.04.003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 327.e1

Author(s):

Majid Haghjoo

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava

Download Full-text

Outcomes of surgical reconstruction of the superior vena cava syndrome in patients with locally advanced thymomas

EUREKA Health Sciences ◽

10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001852 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

Valeriy Boyko ◽

Andriy Krasnoyaruzhskyi ◽

Dmytro Minukhin ◽

Dmytro Dubovyk ◽

Kateryna Ponomarova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Control Group ◽

Lethal Outcome ◽

Vena Cava Syndrome ◽

Left And Right ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of the study: to study and demonstrate the potential and technical aspects of the surgical treatment of locally advanced thymus tumours with the tumour infiltrate affecting superior vena cava and its branches. Methods. 56 patients with locally advanced thymomas complicated by SVCS were study. The control group included 30 patients with SVCS were treated with conventional techniques, while the experimental group included 26 patients who underwent a novel bypass surgery developed by us. Results. Based on our observations, patients tolerated these surgeries much better. The venous bypass was mandatorily complemented with cytoreduction. Auriculo-jugular (left and right) and auriculo-subclavian (left and right) bypasses were used in our observations Complications in the post-operative period were reported from the experimental group and included auriculo-subclavian bypass thrombosis, post-operative complications were reported in the control group including haemorrhage from the sternotomy wound in 1 (3.3 %) case, superior vena cava thrombosis in 2 (6.6 %) cases, pneumonia in 2 (6.6 %) cases and thromboembolism of small pulmonary arteries in 2 (6.6 %) cases. Post-operative lethality in the study groups was reported in the control and in the experimental group. Total lethality rate was 8.9 % (5 patients). The relative risk of complications and lethal outcome was calculated for patients from both groups. It was found that the risk of complications was twice as high in the control group as in the experimental group (standard error of relative risk equals 0.64), whereas the risk of lethal outcome increased by a factor of 3.5 in the control group (standard error of relative risk equals 1.09) Conclusion. It has been established that the superior vena cava syndrome in patients with locally advanced thymoma is an emergency condition whose surgical correction must be personalised depending on the anatomic and topographic classification of SVC lesion types. It is known that an obligatory pre-condition of the perioperative period in this category of patients is an adequate vascular approach to the superior vena cava system. The first mandatory step of the radical surgery in patients with locally advanced thymomas with SVC invasion should be the auriculo-jugular and auriculo-subclavian bypasses, which can reduce the relative risk of post-operative complications by a factor of the risk of lethal by a factor of 3.5.

Download Full-text