Changes in Blood Proaccelerin (Factor V) in Rats with Intestinal Strangulation Obstruction

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 049-063
Author(s):  
A Hauge ◽  
E Amundsen ◽  
B. A Waaler
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Intestinal Strangulation ◽  
Temporary Rise

Summary1. In a group of rats with experimentally arranged strangulation obstruction of the small intestine there ocurred a marked temporary rise in blood fibrinogen during the first 2–4 days after the operation. A marked increase in circulating thrombocytes was also seen in these animals. In a control group of sham-operated animals the blood fibrinogen level and the number of circulating thrombocytes increased much less.2. The proaccelerin-accelerin value in the blood of the animals with strangulation obstruction increased markedly during the first 2–4 days after the operation. The increase was greater than that observed in the group of sham-operated animals.3. In the animals with strangulation obstruction, but not in the sham-operated animals, there occurred a fall in the accelerin capacity of the blood. This fall coincided with the rise in the proaccelerin-accelerin value of the blood, as measured directly.4. It is concluded that some transformation of proaccelerin to accelerin or an accelerin-like intermediate is occurring in vivo in the rats with strangulation obstruction. The peritoneal fluid produced by the strangulated segment of intestine can cause transformation of proaccelerin to accelerin in vitro. This fluid, which is reabsorbed from the peritoneum, may be responsible for the observed transformation in vivo as well.5. The accelerin produced by strangulation fluid may not be identical with the accelerin produced by thrombin.

scholarly journals Red kidney bean lectin is a potent cholecystokinin releasing stimulus in the rat inducing pancreatic growth

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
K-H Herzig ◽  
S Bardocz ◽  
G Grant ◽  
R Nustede ◽  
U R Fölsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Pancreatic Growth ◽  
Cck Release

Background—Lectins are proteins capable of specific binding to carbohydrates without altering their covalent structure. As an essential part of plants they are ingested in our daily diet. By binding to glycosyl side chains of receptors lectins can mimic or inhibit the action of the ligand. Oral administration of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in rats dose dependently induces growth of the small intestine and the pancreas by an unknown mechanism.Aims—To investigate the mechanism of PHA induced intestinal and pancreatic growth.Methods—Thirty day old male rats were pairfed for 10 days with lactalbumin as a control diet or lactalbumin plus PHA or purified soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) as a positive control (42 mg/rat/day) with or without 20 μg of the cholecystokinin A (CCK-A) antagonist MK 329. To investigate further the effect of PHA on CCK release intestinal mucosal cells were isolated from rats which were continuously perfused in a perfusion apparatus. CCK release into the medium was assayed.Results—PHA and STI significantly stimulated growth of the pancreas and the small intestine. MK 329 blocked this growth effect in the pancreas but not in the small intestine. In vivo, PHA significantly increased CCK plasma levels from 0.75 to 6.67 (SEM 2.23) compared with 2.3 (0.35) pM in the control group. In addition, in vitro PHA dose dependently stimulated CCK release with a maximal effect at 100 ng/ml.Conclusion—In vivo and in vitro PHA is a potent stimulus for CCK release in the rat, thereby inducing pancreatic growth, whereas intestinal growth is stimulated by a CCK independent mechanism.

Ancylostoma caninum Anticoagulant Peptide Blocks Metastasis In Vivo and Inhibits Factor Xa Binding to Melanoma Cells In Vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (05) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Donnelly ◽  
Michael E. Bromberg ◽  
Aaron Milstone ◽  
Jennifer Madison McNiff ◽  
Gordon Terwilliger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Ancylostoma Caninum ◽  
Metastatic Activity

SummaryWe evaluated the in vivo anti-metastatic activity of recombinant Ancylostoma caninum Anticoagulant Peptide (rAcAP), a potent (Ki = 265 pM) and specific active site inhibitor of human coagulation factor Xa originally isolated from bloodfeeding hookworms. Subcutaneous injection of SCID mice with rAcAP (0.01-0.2 mg/mouse) prior to tail vein injection of LOX human melanoma cells resulted in a dose dependent reduction in pulmonary metastases. In order to elucidate potential mechanisms of rAcAP’s anti-metastatic activity, experiments were carried out to identify specific interactions between factor Xa and LOX. Binding of biotinylated factor Xa to LOX monolayers was both specific and saturable (Kd = 15 nM). Competition experiments using antibodies to previously identified factor Xa binding proteins, including factor V/Va, effector cell protease receptor-1, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor failed to implicate any of these molecules as significant binding sites for Factor Xa. Functional prothrombinase activity was also supported by LOX, with a half maximal rate of thrombin generation detected at a factor Xa concentration of 2.4 nM. Additional competition experiments using an excess of either rAcAP or active site blocked factor Xa (EGR-Xa) revealed that most of the total factor Xa binding to LOX is mediated via interaction with the enzyme’s active site, predicting that the vast majority of cell-associated factor Xa does not participate directly in thrombin generation. In addition to establishing two distinct mechanisms of factor Xa binding to melanoma, these data raise the possibility that rAcAP’s antimetastatic effect in vivo might involve novel non-coagulant pathways, perhaps via inhibition of active-site mediated interactions between factor Xa and tumor cells.

In-vitro- und In-vivo-Wirkung von Schilddrüsenhormon auf das Wachstum von Neuroblastomzellen

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
R. P. Baum ◽  
E. Rohrbach ◽  
G. Hör ◽  
B. Kornhuber ◽  
E. Busse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Sign

The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma (NB) cells was studied after 9 days of treatment with a dose of 10-4 M/106 cells per day. Using phase contrast microscopy, 30-50% of NB cells showed formation of neurites as a morphological sign of cellular differentiation. The initial rise of the mitosis rate was followed by a plateau. Changes in cyclic nucleotide content, in the triphosphates and in the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were assessed in 2 human and 2 murine cell lines to serve as biochemical parameters of the cell differentiation induced by T3. Whereas the cAMP level increased significantly (3 to 7 fold compared with its initial value), the cGMP value dropped to 30 to 50% of that of the control group. ATP and GTP increased about 200%, the ODC showed a decrease of about 50%. The present studies show a biphasic effect of T3 on neuroblastoma cells: the initial rise of mitotic activity is followed by increased cell differentiation starting from day 4 of the treatment.

The Natural Course of Defibrination Syndrome Caused by Echis Colorata Venom in Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fainaru ◽  
S Eisenberg ◽  
N Manny ◽  
C Hershko
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Thrombocyte Count

SummaryThe natural course of defibrination syndrome caused by Echis colorata venom (ECV) in five patients is reported. All patients developed afibrinogenemia within six hours after the bite. Concomitantly a depression in factor V was recorded. Factor VIII and thrombocyte count in blood were normal in most patients. In the light of the known effects of ECV on blood coagulation in vivo and in vitro it is concluded that the afibrinogenemia is due to intravascular clotting.Four patients had transient renal damage, manifested by oliguria, azotemia, albuminuria and cylindruria, ascribed to microthrombi in the renal glomeruli.After the bite, the natural course was benign, no major bleeding was observed, and all signs of coagulopathy reverted to normal within 7 days. Therefore we recommend no specific treatment for this condition. In the case of heavily bleeding patients, administration of antiserum against ECV and/or heparin should be considered.

Consumption of Hageman Factor Activity in the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction Induced by Liquoid

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 386-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Müller-Berghaus ◽  
H. G Lasch
Keyword(s):  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction

SummaryThe role of Hageman factor in triggering intravascular coagulation has been studied in rabbits injected intravenously with Liquoid. Besides changes of coagulation parameters characteristic of consumption coagulopathy (e.g. decrease in platelet counts, fibrinogen levels, factor V activity), a pronounced drop in Hageman factor activity was observed after injection of Liquoid. Likewise, the partial thromboplastin time became prolonged.The activation of Hageman factor in vivo could be prevented by intravenous infusion of lysozyme. Twenty min after starting the lysozyme infusion, the partial thromboplastin time became prolonged from a mean of 29 sec to 108 sec. Animals infused with lysozyme and injected with a lethal dose of Liquoid did not develop a consumption coagulopathy. In the same manner, none of 10 animals treated with lysozyme developed the generalized Shwartzman reaction, whereas in the control group 19 out of 20 animals showed fibrin thrombi in the glomerular capillaries.From the present study it may be concluded that the intravascular coagulation process after intravenous injection of Liquoid is triggered by Hageman factor activation.

Inhibition of Fibrinolysis and Fibrinogenolysis in Man: Comparison of ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Kallikrein Inhibitor

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Beck ◽  
R Schmutzler ◽  
F Duckert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Kallikrein Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

SummaryInhibitor of kallikrein and trypsin (KI) extracted from bovine parotis was compared with ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA): both substances inhibit fibrinolysis induced with streptokinase. EACA is a strong inhibitor of fibrinolysis in concentrations higher than 0, 1 mg per ml plasma. The same amount and higher concentrations are not able to inhibit completely the proteolytic-side reactions of fibrinolysis (fibrinogenolysis, diminution of factor V, rise of fibrin-polymerization-inhibitors). KI inhibits well proteolysis of plasma components in concentrations higher than 2,5 units per ml plasma. Much higher amounts of KI are needed to inhibit fibrinolysis as demonstrated by our in vivo and in vitro tests.Combination of the two substances for clinical use is suggested. Therapeutic possibilities are discussed.

Protective Effect of Boswellic Resin Against Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Induced by Aluminum Tetrachloride and D-Galactose (Experimental study in Mice)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zerrouki ◽  
N. Djebli ◽  
L. Gadouche ◽  
I. Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. SezerSenol Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Octyl Acetate

Nowadays, because of the industrialization, a lot of contaminant were available ; the consequences of this availability are apparition of diseases including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. This study is based on the effect of the Boswellic resin, which is from a medicinal plant and known for its antioxidant effects on nerve cell damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Boswellic resin on anticholinesterase activity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice. Chemical composition of the resin essential oil was identified by the CG-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was also assessed by the DMPD and metal chelation methods. In order to understand the mechanism of memory improvement, the acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, inhibitory assays were performed. In vivo part of the study was achieved on Swiss mice divided into four groups: control, AD model, treated AD, and treated control group. The identification of chemical composition by CG-MS reach the 89.67% of the total extract compounds presented some very important molecules (p-Cymene, n-Octyl acetate, α-Pinene…). The present study proves that Boswellic resin improves memory and learning in treated Alzheimer’s group, modulates the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, and stimulates the immune system in mice’s brain.

Cold Plasma Treatment Promotes Full-thickness Healing of Skin Wounds in Murine Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110021
Author(s):  
Joon M. Jung ◽  
Hae K. Yoon ◽  
Chang J. Jung ◽  
Soo Y. Jo ◽  
Sang G. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Skin Wound Healing

Cold plasma can be beneficial for promoting skin wound healing and has a high potential of being effectively used in treating various wounds. Our aim was to verify the effect of cold plasma in accelerating wound healing and investigate its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo experiments, 2 full-thickness dermal wounds were created in each mouse (n = 30). While one wound was exposed to 2 daily plasma treatments for 3 min, the other wound served as a control. The wounds were evaluated by imaging and histological analyses at 4, 7, and 11 days post the wound infliction process. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed at the same time points. In vitro proliferation and scratch assay using HaCaT keratinocytes and fibroblasts were performed. The expression levels of wound healing–related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. On day 7, the wound healing rates were 53.94% and 63.58% for the control group and the plasma-treated group, respectively. On day 11, these rates were 76.05% and 93.44% for the control and plasma-treated groups, respectively, and the difference between them was significant ( P = .039). Histological analysis demonstrated that plasma treatment promotes the formation of epidermal keratin and granular layers. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed that collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin appeared more abundantly in the plasma-treated group than in the control group. In vitro, the proliferation of keratinocytes was promoted by plasma exposure. Scratch assay showed that fibroblast exposure to plasma increased their migration. The expression levels of collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were elevated upon plasma treatment. In conclusion, cold plasma can accelerate skin wound healing and is well tolerated.

Agitation Techniques to Enhance Drainage of Retained Hemothorax

2020 ◽  
pp. 155335062097800
Author(s):  
Ian A. Makey ◽  
Nitin A. Das ◽  
Samuel Jacob ◽  
Magdy M. El-Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Colleen M. Makey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Vibration Technique ◽  
Retained Hemothorax ◽  
And Control ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Benchtop Model

Background. Retained hemothorax (RH) is a common problem in cardiothoracic and trauma surgery. We aimed to determine the optimum agitation technique to enhance thrombus dissolution and drainage and to apply the technique to a porcine-retained hemothorax. Methods. Three agitation techniques were tested: flush irrigation, ultrasound, and vibration. We used the techniques in a benchtop model with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and pig hemothorax with tPA. We used the most promising technique vibration in a pig hemothorax without tPA. Statistics. We used 2-sample t tests for each comparison and Cohen d tests to calculate effect size (ES). Results. In the benchtop model, mean drainages in the agitation group and control group and the ES were flush irrigation, 42%, 28%, and 2.91 ( P = .10); ultrasound, 35%, 27%, and .76 ( P = .30); and vibration, 28%, 19%, and 1.14 ( P = .04). In the pig hemothorax with tPA, mean drainages and the ES of each agitation technique compared with control (58%) were flush irrigation, 80% and 1.14 ( P = .37); ultrasound, 80% and 2.11 ( P = .17); and vibration, 95% and 3.98 ( P = .06). In the pig hemothorax model without tPA, mean drainages of the vibration technique and control group were 50% and 43% (ES = .29; P = .65). Discussion. In vitro studies suggested flush irrigation had the greatest effect, whereas only vibration was significantly different vs the respective controls. In vivo with tPA, vibration showed promising but not statistically significant results. Results of in vivo experiments without tPA were negative. Conclusion. Agitation techniques, in combination with tPA, may enhance drainage of hemothorax.

scholarly journals Interaction of Lactoferrin with Unsaturated Fatty Acids: In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Human Lactoferrin/Oleic Acid Complex Cytotoxicity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Anna Elizarova ◽  
Alexey Sokolov ◽  
Valeria Kostevich ◽  
Ekaterina Kisseleva ◽  
Evgeny Zelenskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Hepatoma 22A ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

As shown recently, oleic acid (OA) in complex with lactoferrin (LF) causes the death of cancer cells, but no mechanism(s) of that toxicity have been disclosed. In this study, constitutive parameters of the antitumor effect of LF/OA complex were explored. Complex LF/OA was prepared by titrating recombinant human LF with OA. Spectral analysis was used to assess possible structural changes of LF within its complex with OA. Structural features of apo-LF did not change within the complex LF:OA = 1:8, which was toxic for hepatoma 22a cells. Cytotoxicity of the complex LF:OA = 1:8 was tested in cultured hepatoma 22a cells and in fresh erythrocytes. Its anticancer activity was tested in mice carrying hepatoma 22a. In mice injected daily with LF-8OA, the same tumor grew significantly slower. In 20% of animals, the tumors completely resolved. LF alone was less efficient, i.e., the tumor growth index was 0.14 for LF-8OA and 0.63 for LF as compared with 1.0 in the control animals. The results of testing from 48 days after the tumor inoculation showed that the survival rate among LF-8OA-treated animals was 70%, contrary to 0% rate in the control group and among the LF-treated mice. Our data allow us to regard the complex of LF and OA as a promising tool for cancer treatment.

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