scholarly journals Imaging, Surgical, and Pathology Findings of a Myxoid Aortic Sarcoma: When Distal Embolization Uncovers a Bigger Problem

Aorta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 065-067
Author(s):  
Domenico Calcaterra ◽  
Carlo Rosati ◽  
Leslie Renfro ◽  
Panayotis Vardas
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Distal Embolization ◽  
Tissue Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Disease ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Aortic Sarcoma

AbstractAortic sarcomas are a very rare condition typically characterized by a deceiving presentation. Making a correct diagnosis is based on the application of an algorithm which allows to identify the primary disease site and to obtain a tissue diagnosis. Surgical aortic resection with adjuvant therapy offers the best palliation, particularly in cases of well-differentiated tumors with no evidence of diffuse metastatic spread.

scholarly journals Atypical Spindle Cell Lesion of Larynx: A Rare Benign Condition mimicking Malignancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Sridhar R Dandala ◽  
Achyuth Panuganti ◽  
Pindicura Kumuda
Keyword(s):  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Spindle Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Spindle Cell Lesion ◽  
Well Differentiated

ABSTRACT Atypical spindle cell lesion of larynx is a very rare condition usually misdiagnosed as malignant spindle cell tumor, requiring immunohistochemical (IHC) studies for reaching a correct diagnosis. We present a case of a 75-year-old male patient, who presented to the ear, nose, and throat casualty in stridor, and was tracheostomized. Videolaryngoscopy revealed a huge irregular growth filling the supraglottis. Biopsy of the growth suggested a reactive fibroblastic proliferation with atypia. The patient was again subjected to biopsy and it revealed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Total laryngectomy was done. The specimen on histopathological examination revealed atypical spindle cell lesion, and on IHC revealed a benign inflammatory spindle cell neoplasm. Here, we discuss the difficulty in making a decision on definitive treatment for such a condition and the importance of histopathological diagnosis of this condition for better understanding of its management. How to cite this article Dandala SR, Panuganti A, Kumuda P. Atypical Spindle Cell Lesion of Larynx: A Rare Benign Condition mimicking Malignancy. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):31-35.

Systematic review of adjuvant therapy for early stage (epithelial) ovarian cancer

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Winter-Roach ◽  
L. Hooper ◽  
H. Kitchener
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Platinum Chemotherapy

A systematic review and meta analysis has been undertaken in order to evaluate the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy following surgery for early ovarian cancer. Trials reported since 1990 have been of a higher quality enabling a meta analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy vs adjuvant radiotherapy and a meta analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy vs observation. There was no significant difference between radiotherapy and chemotherapy, though these comprised studies which demonstrated considerable heterogeneity. Chemotherapy did confer significant benefit over observation in terms of both overall and disease free survival. Except for women in whom adequate surgical staging has revealed well differentiated disease confined to one or both ovaries with intact capsule, platinum chemotherapy should be offered to reduce risk of recurrence.

scholarly journals Hypertrophic Lichen Planus versus Well-Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Histological Challenge 

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Samuel P Haslam ◽  
Lindy S Ross ◽  
Alison C Lowe ◽  
Brent C Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia ◽  
Lichen Simplex Chronicus ◽  
Well Differentiated

Differentiating hypertrophic lichen planus (LP) from well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a histological challenge given the numerous histopathologic similarities between SCC and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) arising in the setting of hypertrophic LP. Multiple reports have shown that SCC can arise from hypertrophic LP not infrequently, but that the LP-to-SCC sequence is poorly understood, and many cases defy diagnosis due to histologic similarities. However, there are several clinical clues and histopathologic details that have shown to have some value when trying to ascertain the correct diagnosis. To the contrary, immunohistochemical tests have shown little promise in differentiating hypertrophic LP from SCC. Although multiplex PCR has shown some potential in differentiating PEH from SCC, this has only been in the setting of patients diagnosed with prurigo and lichen simplex chronicus, but not necessarily in the case hypertrophic LP. 

scholarly journals Rete Middle Cerebral Artery Anomaly Presenting with a Large Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Dev Sahu ◽  
Nishant Bhargava ◽  
Debabrata Sahana ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Unilateral Involvement ◽  
Is Failure

AbstractRete MCA anomaly is extremely rare and has been seldomly discussed in literature. Embryologically MCA develops by fusion of multiple twigs which form a single channel. If there is failure to fuse a plexiform network of vessels persists known as rete MCA. This web like network of vessels is at high risk of haemorrhagic stroke and therefore for patients presenting incidentally correct diagnosis is paramount. Here we report a case of rete MCA anomaly in a 35-year-old gentle man who presented with a large haemorrhagic stroke in emergency. DSA showed unilateral involvement of proximal MCA, and otherwise normal intra-cranial vasculature. With this report we aim to correctly diagnose this rare condition and avoid misdiagnosis leading to unnecessary treatments.

Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumors of the Extrahepatic Biliary Ducts

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1079
Author(s):  
Yvonne Saldanha Noronha ◽  
Anwar Sultana Raza
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Carcinoid Tumors ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Accurate Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Biliary Ducts ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract Primary, well-differentiated neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors of the extrahepatic biliary ducts are an uncommon cause of biliary obstruction. As compared to cholangiocarcinomas, which are more commonly seen at this location, these tumors tend to behave less aggressively, and only one-third metastasize. Tumor size (>2 cm) appears to be the best predictor of aggressive behavior. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and complete resection offers prolonged disease-free survival. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is therefore important and can be made by examining brush cytology specimens obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. It is important to keep this entity in mind, especially when examining cytologic or small biopsy specimens, so that appropriate immunohistochemical stains can be used to arrive at the correct diagnosis.

scholarly journals Carcinoma of Penis with Metastasis to Right Breast

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 082-085
Author(s):  
Sajal Goel ◽  
Deepak Kumar Mittal ◽  
Pankaj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Penile Cancer ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Penile Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Disease ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Vascular Channels

AbstractPenile cancer is relatively frequent in developing world compared with developed countries. Majority of histologies are of squamous origin and spread through lymphatics or vascular channels. Metastases from penile carcinoma mainly involves lung, liver, bone, and rarely other sites. The patient reported here is a treated case of penile cancer who presented with lesion in right breast after treatment for primary disease. He responded well to the adjuvant therapy.

scholarly journals Mebendazole as a Candidate for Drug Repurposing in Oncology: An Extensive Review of Current Literature

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guerini ◽  
Triggiani ◽  
Maddalo ◽  
Bonù ◽  
Frassine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disease Site

Anticancer treatment efficacy is limited by the development of refractory tumor cells characterized by increased expression and activity of mechanisms promoting survival, proliferation, and metastatic spread. The present review summarizes the current literature regarding the use of the anthelmintic mebendazole (MBZ) as a repurposed drug in oncology with a focus on cells resistant to approved therapies, including so called “cancer stem cells”. Mebendazole meets many of the characteristics desirable for a repurposed drug: good and proven toxicity profile, pharmacokinetics allowing to reach therapeutic concentrations at disease site, ease of administration and low price. Several in vitro studies suggest that MBZ inhibits a wide range of factors involved in tumor progression such as tubulin polymerization, angiogenesis, pro-survival pathways, matrix metalloproteinases, and multi-drug resistance protein transporters. Mebendazole not only exhibits direct cytotoxic activity, but also synergizes with ionizing radiations and different chemotherapeutic agents and stimulates antitumoral immune response. In vivo, MBZ treatment as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy led to the reduction or complete arrest of tumor growth, marked decrease of metastatic spread, and improvement of survival. Further investigations are warranted to confirm the clinical anti-neoplastic activity of MBZ and its safety in combination with other drugs in a clinical setting.

Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in Mucosal Melanoma Have Not Improved Survival over Five Decades

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Kirchoff ◽  
Gary B. Deutsch ◽  
Leland J. Foshag ◽  
Ji Hey Lee ◽  
Myung-Shin Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Mucosal Melanoma ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
The Past ◽  
Survival Difference ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
The Ideal

Mucosal melanoma represents a distinct minority of disease sites and portends a worse outcome. The ideal treatment and role of adjuvant therapy remains unknown at this time. We hypothesized that a combination of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies would improve survival in these aggressive melanomas. Our large, prospectively maintained melanoma database was queried for all patients diagnosed with mucosal melanoma. Over the past five decades, 227 patients were treated for mucosal melanoma. There were 82 patients with anorectal, 75 with sinonasal, and 70 with urogenital melanoma. Five-year overall survival and melanoma-specific survival for the entire cohort were 32.8 and 37.5 per cent, respectively, with median overall survival of 38.7 months. One hundred forty-two patients (63.8%) underwent adjuvant therapy and 15 were treated neo-adjuvantly (6.6%). There was no survival difference by therapy type or timing, disease site, or decade of diagnosis. There was improved survival in patients undergoing multiple surgeries (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.55, P = 0.0005). Patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy had significantly worse survival outcomes (HR 2.49, P = 0.013). Over the past five decades, improvements have not been seen in outcomes for mucosal melanoma. Although multiple surgical interventions portend a better outcome in patients with mucosal melanoma, adjuvant treatment decisions must be individualized.

Clinical Differential Diagnosis of Multifocal Motor Neuropathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Léger ◽  
Eugen Gavriliuc ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Multifocal Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Progressive Muscle Weakness ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Clinical Differential Diagnosis

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare, clinically well-defined condition within the spectrum of chronic, immune-mediated neuropathies. A typical patient history involves slowly or stepwise progressive, predominantly distal, asymmetrical limb weakness and muscle wasting, most frequently in the arm, that may have developed over a period of years. As a rare condition, MMN may present a diagnostic challenge for non-specialists and some patients may wait years for a correct diagnosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for patients with MMN. Unlike some motor neuropathies, MMN is treatable with intravenous immunoglobulin and untreated patients are likely to experience progressive muscle weakness that may result in serious functional impairment and impaired quality of life. The aim of this article is therefore to provide a guide for non-specialist neurologists to the clinical recognition and differential diagnosis of MMN.

Thyrotoxic hepatitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Dmitrij V. Pikulev ◽  
Aleksej V. Klemenov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Pathology ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Clinical Variants

In most cases, liver pathology in hyperthyroidism is confined to asymptomatic changes in laboratory indices, while clinical signs are much rarer. Three clinical variants of liver pathology in patients with hyperthyroidism can be differentiated: drug-induced hepatitis that develop in response to administration of thyrostatic agents (mainly propylthiouracil); concomitant autoimmune liver diseases (autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis), and hepatopathies as a direct manifestation of thyrotoxicosis (thyrotoxic hepatitis). Thyrotoxic hepatitis is a rare condition difficult to diagnose. The variety of etiological factor of liver pathology in hyperthyroidism, universal clinical symptoms, and the lack of specific histological markers make it difficult to make a correct diagnosis. A clinical case of Graves’ disease complicated with severe thyrotoxic hepatitis, the edema-ascites syndrome and hyperbilirubinemia is reported. The patient was diagnosed with thyrotoxic hepatitis after all other reasons for liver pathology have been ruled out. The concomitant thyrogenic myocardiodystrophy, cardiomegaly and atrial fibrillation required ruling out the diagnosis of cardiogenic liver injury and made diagnosing more difficult. Normalization of the thyroid status in patients receiving mercazolyl therapy was accompanied by alleviation of clinical symptoms of hepatitis and the positive dynamics of the indices of liver function tests. A brief review of the data on clinical variants and mechanisms of liver injury in patients with thyrotoxicosis is presented.

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