Sydenham's Chorea; Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings, a Retrospective Observational Study in Children

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and demographic and clinical characteristics, response to treatment times, and recurrence rates of Sydenham's chorea (SC), the most common of the acquired pediatric choreas. The clinical and radiological findings of 12 patients presenting to the pediatric neurology clinic in the previous 4 years and diagnosed with SC on the basis of the modified Jones criteria were investigated retrospectively from the hospital files. In addition, we measured the maximum prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia (globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nucleus) thicknesses in the axial plane from patients' cerebral MRIs and compared these values with prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia thicknesses of a healthy control group measured using the same technique. Patient and control groups' cranial and basal ganglia MRIs were found to be normal. However, patients' globus pallidus thicknesses were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group. Additionally, the globus pallidus values of patients with recurrent SC and a prolonged healing time were lower than average. However, we determined no significant difference in terms of prefrontal motor cortex, caudate nucleus, or putamen thicknesses between the patient and control groups. Low globus pallidus thicknesses in patients with SC may indicate atrophy associated with globus pallidus involvement. Further experimental and prospective and long-term studies are needed for a better understanding of the factors affecting the pathophysiology, recurrence, and healing time of SC.

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Exploring the Effects of Exercise on Brown Adipose Tissue Volumes and T2 Values Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla

10.21203/rs.3.rs-191473/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Zeng ◽

Lei Gao ◽

Shuying Shao ◽

Xiaoshuai Chen ◽

Ping Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

7 Tesla ◽

Control Group ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Control Groups ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

And Control

Abstract Rationale and Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on brown adipose tissue (BAT) volumes and T2 values in mice. Materials and Methods Twenty-five female Kunming mice were divided into two groups, a running group (n = 5) and a control group (n = 20). After 4 months, all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of mice were performed on a 7 Tesla (7T) MR scanner with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and a T2 mapping sequence. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) volumes and T2 values were measured. To reduce the impact of weight on the results, we compared the ratio of BAT volumes to body weights (V/W). The data are expressed as mean ± SD, the BAT V/W and T2 values were compared between the control and running groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Interscapular BAT volumes of the running group (n = 5) and control group (n = 20) were (180.09ml ± 59.80 ml) and (99.98ml ± 35.05ml), respectively. The V/W ratios of the running and control groups were (3.83ml/g ± 0.78ml/g) and (2.17ml/g ± 0.56ml/g), respectively. Interscapular BAT T2 values of the running and control groups were (76.07ms ± 10.82ms) and (61.22ms ± 15.98ms), respectively. Significant differences were found in the BAT V/W ratios (P = 0.0003, P < 0.001) and T2 values between the two groups (P = 0.0096, P < 0.05). BAT volume correlated positively with BAT T2 value (r = 0.75, p = 0.00002). Conclusions MRI is a non-invasive and quantitative method for identifying BAT, especially at ultra-high field like 7T. Long-term running increases BAT volume and T2 value, what's more, BAT volume correlates positively with BAT T2 value.

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PENGGUNAAN SELAPUT AMNION SEGAR PADA INSISI LUKA OPERASI SEKSIO SESAREA

JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS ◽

10.25077/aoj.1.2.47-55.2017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 47-55

Author(s):

Syahredi Syaiful Adnani ◽

Hafni Bachtiar

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Amniotic Membrane ◽

Healing Time ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control ◽

Wound Healing Time

In the last few decades, the incidence of caesarean section is increasing in the world, especially in Indonesia. One of the way to treat tissue scar is through biologic and synthetic dressing where nowadays, amnion has been used as biologic dressing frequently. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of fresh amniotic membrane on wound incision Caesarean section compared with Caesarean section incision wound covered using regular gauze bandages and fixated with plaster in RS. Dr. Reksodiwiryo Padang. The design of this study is an experimen-tal study with Post test design with control group design. Sampling was done using a formula consecutive sampling two different test samples obtained an average of 72 people for each group. The analysis used include univariate and bivariate analyzes. The average wound healing time the difference was statistically significant (p value <0.05) in the treatment and control groups. There was highly significant difference in the proportion of local infection on day 3 between the treatment and control groups (p value <0.05). There were very significant differences in the proportion of local allergic reactions at day 3, and 5 between the treatment and control group (p <0.05). There are significant differences in terms of the cost of care per day between treatment and control groups (p <0.05). From this study, the average wound healing time has a very significant difference.Keywords: Fresh Amniotic Membrane, Wound Cesarean Section, Wound Healing

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Comprehensive Phenotyping in Multiple Sclerosis: Discovery Based Proteomics and the Current Understanding of Putative Biomarkers

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2006/670439 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 213-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kevin C. O’Connor ◽

Sushmita Mimi Roy ◽

Christopher H. Becker ◽

David A. Hafler ◽

Aaron B. Kantor

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Disease Monitoring ◽

Single Test ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Control Groups ◽

Csf Proteins ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

And Control

Currently, there is no single test for multiple sclerosis (MS). Diagnosis is confirmed through clinical evaluation, abnormalities revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) chemistry. The early and accurate diagnosis of the disease, monitoring of progression, and gauging of therapeutic intervention are important but elusive elements of patient care. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the disease pathology is needed, including discovery of accurate biomarkers for MS. Herein we review putative biomarkers of MS relating to neurodegeneration and contributions to neuropathology, with particular focus on autoimmunity. In addition, novel assessments of biomarkers not driven by hypotheses are discussed, featuring our application of advanced proteomics and metabolomics for comprehensive phenotyping of CSF and blood. This strategy allows comparison of component expression levels in CSF and serum between MS and control groups. Examination of these preliminary data suggests that several CSF proteins in MS are differentially expressed, and thus, represent putative biomarkers deserving of further evaluation.

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Breast Microecology Improvement Using Probiotics Following Needle Aspiration in Patients With Lactational Breast Abscess: a Multi-center Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-280421/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Zhang ◽

Yajun Gao ◽

Jing Qin ◽

Xiaoting Li ◽

Fei Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Reaction Rates ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Healing Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Control Groups ◽

Clinical Trial Registry ◽

Double Blind ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Studies show that oral probiotics can improve the breast microecology and thus alleviate the inflammatory response; however, there is a lack of experimental data corresponding to cases with existing abscesses. We aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 during needle aspiration in patients with lactational breast abscesses.Methods: Patients (aged 20–41 years) with lactational single-cavity breast abscesses (diameter 3–6 cm) from 12 hospitals were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=51) and control groups (n=50). Outcome measures included the abscess cure rate on day-5 of treatment, delactation rate, relieving pain rate, and the number of needle aspirations until day-28.Results: The experimental group’s 5-day cure rate (43.1%, 22/51) was significantly higher (p<0.05). The breastfeeding continuation on day-5 did not differ significantly (experimental group: 88.2%, 45/51; control group: 96.0%, 48/50; p=0.269). In the experimental and control groups, 19.6% and 14.0% of patients experienced moderate to severe pain on day-5, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (p=0.451). The median number of needle aspirations up to day-28 was two in the experimental (1–3 times) and control (1–4 times) groups, with no statistically significant differences (Mann–Whitney U test, p=0.322). Four patients in each group developed diarrhea, with adverse reaction rates of 7.84% (4/51) and 8.0% (4/50), respectively. No adverse reactions were reported in the infants.Conclusion: L. fermentum can shorten the healing time in patients with lactational breast abscesses.Trial registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn), registration number: ChiCTR2000032682, registration date: May 6, 2020.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Neuromorphometry in Single Patients –

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000065 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 81-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jürgen Hänggi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control ◽

Lobe Atrophy

The usefulness of MRI-based neuromorphometry for the investigation of single patients is described. A longitudinal cortical thickness analysis in a patient revealed lateral temporal lobe atrophy, suggesting rather semantic than frontotemporal dementia. A boy with the diagnosis of ADHD and control boys were compared and showed cortical thickness increases in the patient in the orbitofrontal cortex contradicting ADHD and suggesting disturbed social behaviour. The multiple synaesthetes E. S. was compared with control groups and showed hyperconnectivity between auditory and gustatory brain regions suggesting that interval-taste synaesthesia is rooted in anatomical alterations. McLeod syndrome patients were investigated and revealed severe atrophy of the caudate nucleus bilateral across time. Additionally, statistical recommendations for the comparison of MRI data of single patients are provided.

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Cognitive impairment is associated with subcortical magnetic resonance imaging grey matter T2 hypointensity in multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1191/135248506ms1301oa ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

S D Brass ◽

R HB Benedict ◽

B Weinstock-Guttman ◽

F Munschauer ◽

R Bakshi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Globus Pallidus ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Iron Deposition ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Resonance Imaging

Grey matter hypointensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, suggesting iron deposition, has been described in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is related to physical disability, disease course and brain atrophy. We tested the hypothesis that subcortical grey matter T2 hypointensity is related to cognitive impairment after adjusting for the effect of MRI lesion and atrophy measures. We studied 33 patients with MS and 14 healthy controls. Normalized T2 signal intensity in the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus, total brain T1-hypointense lesion volume (T1LV), fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery-hyperintense lesion volume (FLLV) and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) were obtained quantitatively. A neuropsychological composite score (NCS) encompassed new learning, attention, working memory, spatial processing and executive function. In each of the regions of interest, the normalized T2 intensity was lower in the MS versus control group (all P <0.001). Regression modelling tested the relative association between all MRI variables and NCS. Globus pallidus T2 hypointensity was the only variable selected in the final model ( R2 = 0.301, P = 0.007). Pearson correlations between MRI and NCS were T1LV: r = -0.319; FLLV: r = -0.347; BPF: r = 0.374; T2 hypointensity of the caudate: r = 0.305; globus pallidus: r = 0.395; putamen: r = 0.321; and thalamus: r = 0.265. Basal ganglia T2 hypointensity and BPF demonstrated the strongest associations with cognitive impairment on individual cognitive subtests. Subcortical grey matter T2 hypointensity is related to cognitive impairment in MS, supporting the clinical relevance of T2 hypointensity as a biological marker of MS tissue damage. These data implicate a role for basal ganglia iron deposition in neuropsychological dysfunction.

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Salivary and Serum Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress Markers in Dental Caries

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000488213 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 565-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽

Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽

Ali Mahdavinezhad ◽

Zohreh Jamshidi ◽

Mohammad Darvishi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Healthy Control Group ◽

Oxidative Stress Marker ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Healthy Control ◽

And Control

Dental caries is the most common, chronic, noncommunicable, preventable oral disease worldwide. Oxidation may play an important role in dental caries initiation and progression. Antioxidants in body fluids protect cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in dental caries. A total of 118 healthy caries-free and caries-active male and female students participated. Caries was detected clinically. Unstimulated whole-saliva samples and blood samples were obtained. Sialochemical analysis was carried out by spectrophotometric assay. Data were analyzed with the Student t test using STATA 11. Salivary and serum TAC levels in the case and control groups did not show any significant differences. Mean salivary MDA levels in the case and control groups were 0.71 ± 0.1 and 0.35 ± 0.06 nmol/mL, respectively. The results showed significantly higher levels of salivary and serum MDA in the case group compared to the healthy control group. The oxidative stress marker was significantly higher in the caries group compared to the healthy control group. Antioxidants were not significantly different between the two groups. MDA can be produced by dental caries, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant levels, causing disease progression. Further studies are necessary to determine whether MDA is the cause or effect of the disease.

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Assessment of Carotid Artery Distensibility and Elasticity in Patients with Asthma

Iranian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology ◽

10.18502/ijaai.v20i3.6329 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hatice Eylül Bozkurt Yılmaz ◽

Mustafa Yılmaz

Keyword(s):

Severe Asthma ◽

Persistent Asthma ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Asthmatic Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Carotid Distensibility ◽

And Control

As asthma and atherosclerosis have similar pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors, asthmatic patients may have an increased risk of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the possibility of a higher risk of atherosclerosis in asthma patients compared with healthy controls by measuring carotid elasticity and distensibility. This was a cross-sectional study on 326 participants including 221 patients (129 [58.37%] females) with persistent asthma, aged 46.47±11.58 years, body mass index (BMI) of 29.74±3.99, and 105 healthy control subjects (60 [57.14%] females) aged 46.08±11.35 years, and BMI of 29.42±3.76. Of the 221 patients with asthma, 75 (33.93%) had mild, 74 (33.48%) had moderate and 72 (32.57%) had severe asthma. The carotid distensibility and elasticity were recorded and compared in both patients and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the patients and healthy control groups in terms of age, BMI and gender (p=0.775, p=0.482, and p=0.834, respectively). A statistically significant difference was determined between the patient and control groups in respect of both distensibility and elasticity (10.93±1.64 vs. 11.5±1.31, p=0.002 and 0.21±0.03 vs. 0.22±0.04, p=0.001, respectively). Statistically significant differences were determined between the control group and the asthma subgroups in respect of distensibility and elasticity (p<0.001, for both comparisons). The results showed that the difference was mainly due to the patients with severe asthma. Carotid distensibility and elasticity were decreased in asthmatic patients, and the main reason for this decrease was the patients in the severe asthma group. These results may suggest that the risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis is increased in patients with asthma, especially those with severe asthma.

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Longitudinal changes in the brain in mild cognitive impairment: a magnetic resonance imaging study using the visual rating method and tensor-based morphometry

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185117734418 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (8) ◽

pp. 973-979 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Terhi Tuokkola ◽

Juha Koikkalainen ◽

Riitta Parkkola ◽

Mira Karrasch ◽

Jyrki Lötjönen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Group ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Control Groups ◽

Visual Rating ◽

Rating Method ◽

Brain Changes ◽

And Control ◽

The Brain ◽

Structural Brain

Background Brain atrophy is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and by using volumetric and visual analyzing methods, it is possible to differentiate between individuals with progressive MCI (MCIp) and stable MCI (MCIs). Automated analysis methods detect degenerative changes in the brain earlier and more reliably than visual methods. Purpose To detect and evaluate structural brain changes between and within the MCIs, MCIp, and control groups during a two-year follow-up period. Material and Methods Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 11 participants with MCIs, 18 participants with MCIp, and 84 controls were analyzed by the visual rating method (VRM) and tensor-based morphometry (TBM). Results At baseline, both VRM and TBM differentiated the whole MCI group (combined MCIs and MCIp) and the MCIp group from the control group, but they did not differentiate the MCIs group from the control group. At follow-up, both methods differentiated the MCIp group from the control group, but minor differences between the MCIs and control groups were only seen by TBM. Neuropsychological tests did not find differences between the MCIs and control groups at follow-up. Neither method revealed relevant signs of brain atrophy progression within or between MCI subgroups during the follow-up time. Conclusion Both methods are equally good in the evaluation of structural brain changes in MCI if the groups are sufficiently large and the disease progresses to AD. Only TBM disclosed minor atrophic changes in the MCIs group compared to controls at follow-up. The results need to be confirmed with a large patient group and longer follow-up time.

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ADHD Comorbid With Major Depression on Parents and Teachers Perceptions

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054718815574 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 508-518

Author(s):

Daniele Coutinho ◽

Antonio Carlos Farias ◽

Erico Pereira Gomes Felden ◽

Mara L Cordeiro

Keyword(s):

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Teachers Perceptions ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Diagnosis Method ◽

Strengths And Difficulties ◽

And Control

Objective: Examine the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) responses of parents and teachers for children with ADHD comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), with an emphasis on determining how well the respondent groups’ responses correlate, and how well the results obtained perform as predictors of clinical diagnosis. Method: The SDQ was completed by parents and teachers of ( n = 215 participants, 7-12 years old) in ADHD, MDD, ADHD + MDD, and healthy control groups. Agreement between parent and teacher SDQs and their concordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) diagnoses were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kappa concordance analyses were used to compare the groups with the health control group. Results: The comorbid group presented greater impairments than the ADHD, MDD, and control groups ( p < .001). Conclusion: The presence of psychiatric comorbidity causes greater impairment for school children with ADHD. The SDQ has good sensitivity for detecting these children and correlates well with DSM diagnosis.

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