scholarly journals ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE – A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER OF PERIODONTITIS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN – A. B. OCHEMICAL STUDY

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 071-073
Author(s):  
Amitha Ramesh ◽  
Rahul Bhandary ◽  
Biju Thomas ◽  
Sheehan R. D'Souza ◽  
Suchetha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background and objective: Periodontal disease is one of the common inflammatory diseases with complex etiology and is multifactorial in origin.Several enzymes are evaluated for the early diagnosis of periodontal disease. The enzyme ALP plays a role in bone metabolism. In the periodontium, ALP is very important enzyme as it is part of normal turnover of periodontal ligament, root cementum, and bone homeostasis. The deficiency of estrogen in women at menopause is contributing factor to osteoporosis and considered one of the risk factors for periodontal disease. It has been hypothesized that osteoporosis decreases alveolar bone density and in turn increases its susceptibility to resorption due to periodontal inflammation. Accelerated bone loss in menopause is related to increased bone turnover. This is accompanied by increased levels of biochemical markers such as Alkaline Phosphatase. Alteration in salivary Alkaline Phosphatase levels might be expected as an indication of periodontal disease activity. Methods: The study included 40 subjects, 20 in each group in the age group of 50-60 years. Group 1 comprised of 20 Postmenopausal women without chronic periodontitis. Group 2 comprised of 20 Postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. Each saliva sample was estimated for ALP levels. Results: The present study showed significant increase in Alkaline Phosphatase in postmenopausal women with periodontitis (Group 2) with p value <0.0001. Interpretation and conclusion: Alkaline phosphatase can be used as a diagnostic marker of Periodontitis in postmenopausal women. However ALP cannot be solely responsible for Periodontitis but it can be used as a additional aid in diagnosing Periodontitis.

scholarly journals Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase Level in People with Healthy Periodontium and Generalised Chronic Periodontitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar Koirala ◽  
Shaili Pradhan ◽  
Ranjita Shrestha Gorkhali
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Level ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

 Introduction: Periodontal disease is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease affecting the soft and hard supporting structures of teeth leading to alveolar bone loss and exfoliation of involved teeth when left untreated. Traditional periodontal diagnostic methods are not always able to assess present disease states. Saliva as possible biological sample helps measure current disease state, monitor treatment, and indicate prognosis. Oral fluids contain mediators of disease that include microbial host response and bone-specific resorptive markers. Objective: To investigate and compare salivary alkaline phosphatase level in people with healthy periodontium and generalised chronic periodontitis. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of dental surgery, Bir hospital from January to December 2017. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional review board. Unstimulated saliva sample for the evaluation of alkaline phosphatase was collected from 35 generalised chronic periodontitis (GCP) patients and 35 volunteers with healthy periodontium after informed consent was obtained and periodontal parameters were recorded. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software v.16. Results: Three and half fold increased level of salivary alkaline phosphatase level in GCP patients than healthy volunteers was found which is highly significant. Correlation of salivary alkaline phosphatase level with clinical features of the chronic periodontal disease was observed. Conclusion: An expected benefit of an oral fluid-based periodontal diagnostics would be identification of highly susceptible individuals prior to aggressive disease. Timely detection and diagnosis of disease offer earlier, less invasive, and more cost-effective treatment.

scholarly journals Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Awartani
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Immunoglobulin Levels

Abstract Aim The association between diabetes and periodontal disease has been well documented. Periodontitis is associated with alterations in immune responses in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. While diabetes is considered to be a risk factor for periodontal disease progression, few studies have demonstrated an association between the level of glycemic control and periodontal disease. Although poor glycemic control is significantly associated with poor periodontal health, few studies have been performed in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the immune responses in poor and better glycemic control and its effect on periodontal tissue. The aim of this study is to assess serum immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, IgM) in type 2 diabetic (poor control and better control) and nondiabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. Methods and Materials A total of 105 female patients were included in the study and they were divided into three groups, with 35 patients in each group. Group 1 was comprised of cases of diabetes exhibiting better control (HbA1c≤9%) and Group 2 was comprised of cases of diabetes exhibiting poorer control (HbA1c>9%). The third group was comprised of nondiabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. In this study, clinical examination included plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and attachment level (measured in all three groups). Serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels were estimated and compared to the levels estimated for diabetic controls. Results Mean plaque index, bleeding index, and probing pocket depth showed no significant differences among the three groups. However, mean clinical attachment loss was significantly higher for Group 2 as compared to Groups 1 and 3. IgA and IgG levels were found to be significantly higher in Group 2 (poorly controlled diabetes) as compared to Group 1 (better control) and Group 3 (control group). There is a positive correlation between CAL and IgA and IgG, whereas there is a negative correlation between CAL and IgM. Conclusion The present study indicates that poor glycemic control may be associated with the increase in IgA and IgG serum antibodies. Elevated antibody levels may explain why poorly controlled diabetes exacerbates periodontal disease. Clinical Significance These findings demonstrate the importance of the immune system as well as good glycemic control, especially in patients diagnosed with periodontitis. The changes observed in immune response may be the cause or the effect of periodontal disease in diabetic patients. The increased incidence of periodontitis in diabetic patients suggests that the alteration in immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Citation Awartani F. Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 May; 11(3):001-008. Available from: http:// www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11-issue3- awartani.

scholarly journals AB0181 EXPLORING THE ROLE OF IL-6 BLOCKADE IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHTITIS AND CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1116.1-1116
Author(s):  
C. Ancuta ◽  
E. Ancuta ◽  
R. Chirieac ◽  
O. Tanculescu ◽  
C. Iordache
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background:Recent data have renewed the interest in common pathobiologic pathways in autoimmune rheumatic conditions and periodontal disease, especially on dual impact of innovative anti-rheumatic drugs in modulating both inflammatory and immune articular as well as periodontal damage. Although consistent data about TNF inhibitors and chronic periodontitis are already published, the influence of IL-6 blockade.Objectives:We aimed to explore the influence of weekly subcutaneously IL-6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab on periodontal health in a local cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (PD).Methods:We performed a prospective longitudinal 6 months study in 68 patients with moderate-to-severe RA starting tocilizumab (TCZ) in accordance to local recommendations. Extensive rheumatologic (clinical activity, inflammatory, serological biomarkers) and dental (plaque index PI, gingival index GI, bleeding on probing BOP, pocket probing depth PPD, clinical attachment level CAL) assessments were done. Changes in RA activity and periodontal status were reassessed after 3 and 6 months.Results:51 RA and concomitant t of 68 patients in our initial cohort were finally analyzed. Aggressive periodontal disease was reported particularly in disease subsets with excessive inflammatory (serum C reactive protein level) and serologic biomarkers (anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies ACPA). Furthermore, significant correlations between periodontal status, clinical disease activity and ACPA levels were also demonstrated (p<0.05). We also noticed consistent improvement was noticed in both RA-related parameters sand periodontal inflammation (GI and sites with bleeding of probing) after only 3 months (p < 0.05), while PPD improved after 6 months; overall, CAL presented only slight changes without statistical any significance as well as teeth count and plaque levels (p > 0.05).Conclusion:IL-6 inhibition is able to improve periodontal outcomes in patients with RA and concomitant PD, essentially related to dramatic decrease in serum inflammatory mediators.References:[1]de Molon Scaf, R., Rossa, C.; Thurlings, R.M.; Cirelli, J.A.; Koenders, M.I. Linkage of Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Evidence and Potential Biological Interactions, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4541.[2]Genco, R.J.; Sanz, M. Clinical and public health implications of periodontal and systemic diseases: An overview. Periodont. 20002020, 83 (1), 08 May.[3]Rinaudo-Gaujous, M.; Blasco-Baque, V.; Miossec, P. et al. Infliximab induced a dissociated response of severe periodontal biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Clin Med2019. 8, 751.[4]Eezammuddeen, N.N.; Vaithilingam, R.D.; Mohamad Hassan, N.H.; Bartold, IL-6 inhibition is able to improve periodontal outcomes in patients with RA and concomitant PD, essentially related to dramatic decrease in serum inflammatory mediators.Disclosure of Interests:CODRINA ANCUTA Speakers bureau: ABBVIE, PFIZER, UCB, NOVARTIS, LILLY, SANDOZ, Consultant of: ABBVIE, PFIZER, UCB, NOVARTIS, LILLY, SANDOZ, EUGEN ANCUTA: None declared, Rodica Chirieac Speakers bureau: ABBVIE, PFIZER, UCB, NOVARTIS, LILLY, SANDOZ, OANA TANCULESCU: None declared, CRISTINA IORDACHE: None declared

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid Levels in Systemically Healthy Patients with and Without Periodontitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 004-007
Author(s):  
Amitha Ramesh ◽  
Agumbe Priyanka Prakash ◽  
Arya Ashok ◽  
Biju Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid

Abstract Introduction : Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease initiated by plaque. This slowly progressing disease affects the supporting structures of the teeth leading to attachment and bone loss. Nutrition plays an important role in the inflammation and this could be related to effect of nutrition on periodontal disease prevalence. Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is abundantly found in fruits and vegetables play a role in the periodontal disease. It can scavenge free oxygen radicals and protect lipid from peroxidation and is a potent antioxidant. Materials and methods : A total of 50 systemically healthy subjects were selected and divided into control group A (25 subjects without chronic periodontitis) and test group B (25 subjects with chronic periodontitis) and blood samples were collected to assess ascorbic acid levels. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results : showed statistical significance (p value 0.004) in the ascorbic acid levels between the two groups. Conclusion : The plasma ascorbic acid level was significantly reduced in systemically healthy individuals with chronic periodontitis when compared to systemically healthy without periodontitis which could be attributed to the protective nature of this vitamin in chronic disease like periodontitis.

scholarly journals Estimation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels in Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis-A Cross Sectional Clinico Biochemical Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 356-365
Author(s):  
Shivaraj B. Warad ◽  
Jyoti Pattanashetti ◽  
Nagaraj Kalburgi ◽  
Arati Koregol ◽  
Subramaniam Rao
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Salivary Malondialdehyde

Objective: Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in males studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to measure lipid peroxidation (as an end product of oxidative stress) end product i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in saliva of patients with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and to assess the influence of smokeless tobacco on Salivary Malondialdehyde (S-MDA). Materials and methods: Total 30 patients with gingivitis, 30 with chronic periodontitis and 30 Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded followed by stimulated Saliva sample collection. Salivary MDA Levels were assessed by UV Spectrophotometry. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary MDA levels in gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and in smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis when compared with healthy group. Conclusions: Higher salivary MDA levels in gingivitis group, chronic periodontitis, and smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis reflects increasedoxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation.

Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase as a Noninvasive Marker for Periodontal Disease in Children with Uncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srirangarajan Sridharan ◽  
Paruchuri Sravani ◽  
Aparna Satyanarayan ◽  
K Kiran ◽  
Varun Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether salivary alkaline phosphatase levels can be a non invasive marker for early inflammatory periodontal disease in children with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Study design: 10 healthy children (group 1), 10 children with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (group 2) and 10 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than 4 years (group 3) were recruited for the study. All three groups were matched for age, gender and socioeconomic status. Periodontal health was assessed by plaque index, gingival index and probing pocket depth. Metabolic status was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin levels, salivary alkaline phosphatase levels were determined by spectrophotometer. Data was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation method. Results: Salivary alkaline phosphatase levels correlated significantly with the periodontal parameters in the diabetic group. An increase in salivary alkaline phosphatase levels increased with increased values of gingival index and probing pocket depth. Group 3 showed greater correlation than group 2 and group 1. At p value p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: The glycemic status of the children affects the periodontal disease parameters. Salivary alkaline phosphatase levels could be a useful tool in analyzing periodontal status of children with uncontrolled type I diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Epigenetic findings in periodontitis in UK twins: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Kurushima ◽  
Pei-Chien Tsai ◽  
Juan Castillo Fernandez ◽  
Alexessander Couto Alves ◽  
Julia Sarah El-Sayed Moustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Tooth Mobility

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenetic and environmental risk factors contribute to periodontal disease, but the underlying susceptibility pathways are not fully understood. Epigenetic mechanisms are malleable regulators of gene function that can change in response to genetic and environmental stimuli, thereby providing a potential mechanism for mediating risk effects in periodontitis. The aim of this study is to identify epigenetic changes across tissues that are associated with periodontal disease.MethodsSelf-reported gingival bleeding and history of gum disease, or tooth mobility, were used as indicators of periodontal disease. DNA methylation profiles were generated using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in whole blood, buccal, and adipose tissue samples from predominantly older female twins (mean age 58) from the TwinsUK cohort. Epigenome-wide association scans (EWAS) of gingival bleeding and tooth mobility were conducted in whole blood in 528 and 492 twins, respectively. Subsequently, targeted candidate gene analysis at 28 genomic regions was carried out testing for phenotype-methylation associations in 41 (tooth mobility) and 43 (gingival bleeding) buccal, and 501 (tooth mobility) and 556 (gingival bleeding) adipose DNA samples.ResultsEpigenome-wide analyses in blood identified one CpG-site (cg21245277 inZNF804A) associated with gingival bleeding (FDR=0.03, nominal p-value=7.17e-8), and 58 sites associated with tooth mobility (FDR<0.05) with the top signals inIQCEandXKR6. Epigenetic variation at 28 candidate regions (256 CpG-sites) for chronic periodontitis showed a strong enrichment for association with periodontal traits, and signals in eight genes (VDR, IL6ST, TMCO6, IL1RN, CD44, IL1B, WHAMM, andCXCL1) were significant in both traits. The methylation-phenotype association signals validated in buccal samples, and a subset (25%) also validated in adipose tissue.ConclusionsEpigenome-wide analyses in adult female twins identified specific DNA methylation changes linked to self-reported periodontal disease. Future work will explore the environmental basis and functional impact of these results to infer potential for strategic personalized treatments and prevention of chronic periodontitis.

scholarly journals Candidal carriage in saliva and subgingival plaque among smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis—a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri Santhana Krishnan ◽  
Dilip Naik ◽  
Ashita Uppoor ◽  
Sangeeta Nayak ◽  
Shrikala Baliga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background and Objectives Studies of gum or periodontal disease have focused mainly on bacterial pathogens. However, information related to fungal species in the saliva and subgingival mileu is particularly lacking in smokers with periodontitis. This cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of various Candida species in saliva and subgingival plaque samples of smokers and non-smokers with periodontal disease. Methodology Study subjects were recruited into three group—Group 1: Smokers with chronic periodontitis (N = 30), Group 2: Non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (N = 30) and Group 3: Healthy controls (N = 30). Clinical parameters recorded included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected from subjects from the above groups. The collected samples were processed for isolation and identification of various Candida species using CHROMagar chromogenic media. Additionally, antifungal susceptibility tests were performed for the isolated Candida species in order to assess antifungal drug resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole. Results Prevalence of Candida species in saliva samples was quantified as 76.6% in Group 1, 73.3% in Group 2 and 36.6% in Group 3 and statistically significant differences were observed between groups 1 & 3. Prevalence of Candida species in subgingival plaque samples was quantified as 73.3% in Group 1, 66.6% in Group 2 and 60% in Group 3 and no statistically significant differences were observed between groups. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species followed by Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. A positive correlation was observed for smoking exposure, pack years and Candida colonization. A marginally significant positive correlation was observed between Candida colonization and increasing pocket depth and attachment loss. Antifungal drug resistance was mainly observed for Candida krusei in both saliva and subgingival plaque samples. Conclusion Based on the results we can conclude that oral candidal carriage is significantly increased in smokers with periodontal disease. Mechanistic studies are needed to understand the importance of Candida species in periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Faramarzi ◽  
Adileh Shirmohammadi ◽  
Azin Khorramdel ◽  
Mehrnoosh Sadighi ◽  
Elshan Bargahi
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Ferritin is a positive acute phase protein (APP) in inflammation and chronic infections, including chronic periodontitis. Two key factors that can regulate ferritin expression are iron and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Serum ferritin levels increase after menopause, affecting women’s health. This study aimed to evaluate serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women upon undertaking non-surgical periodontal treatment. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, blood samples of 38 postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis were collected before any treatment. The serum ferritin levels and periodontal parameters, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline and three months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Wilcoxon test was used to compare serum ferritin levels before and after treatment. T-test was used for comparison of periodontal parameters, with a P value of ≤0.05 considered significant. Results. A decrease was observed in the serum ferritin level (from 108.55 mcg/L to 98.28 mcg/L) after treatment compared to baseline (P<0.001). Also, significant improvements in periodontal parameters were observed compared to the baseline (P<0.001). Conclusion. Based on the results, it can be concluded that non-surgical periodontal treatment significantly reduces serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis.

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