What Is the Prevalence of Measles Immunity among Pregnant Women?

Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of measles immunity in a cohort of pregnant women in New York City and determine if there is a positive correlation of measles immunity with patient demographics, rubella immunity, number of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) doses received, and age at last vaccination. Study Design This is a cross-sectional study of pregnant patients seen at a single institution from January 2019 to May 2019. Patients were classified as measles and rubella immune or nonimmune using commercial immunoglobulin G (IgG) tests. Patient characteristics were compared using t-tests, Chi-square tests, or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. The association of age at last vaccination with immunity status was assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age at presentation. The utility of rubella IgG for distinguishing measles immunity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results Serologic immunity for measles and rubella was obtained for 1,366 patients. Of these, 1,047 (77%) were measles immune and 1,291 (95%) were rubella immune. Patients born after 1989 were less likely to be immune to measles, while multiparity and private insurance were associated with increased measles immunity. Documentation of MMR vaccination was available for 140 (10%) patients. Of these, 44 (31%) were serologically nonimmune to measles and 9 (6.4%) were nonimmune to rubella. In patients known to have received one dose of MMR, 62% (24/39) were immune to measles with an improvement to 72% (69/96) among those who received two or more doses. Age at last vaccination was not associated with measles immunity. Rubella IgG level was a poor predictor of positive measles titer (area under the curve = 0.59). Conclusion Approximately one of every four pregnant patients is serologically measles nonimmune, even among women with documented MMR vaccination or documented rubella immunity. These findings raise concerns that relying on vaccination history or rubella immune status may not be sufficient to assure protection from infection with measles. If further suggests that measles serology should be added to routine prenatal laboratory testing to identify nonimmune patients that may benefit from postpartum vaccination. Key Points

Download Full-text

The Project Appropriate Birth and Reduction of Cesarean Section Rates: an analysis using the Robson classification system

10.22541/au.161351537.75467660/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Ferreira D’Agostini Marin ◽

Amanda Wernke ◽

Daniela Dannehl ◽

Dyulie Araujo ◽

Gustavo Koch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Classification System ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Robson Classification ◽

Before And After

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate C-section rates, before and after the implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth based on the Robson 10-group classification system. DESIGN: An observational, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Maternity hospital in South Brazil. POPULATION: All pregnant women attending, April 2016 through April 2017 (phase 1, pre-implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth) and June 2017 through June 2018 (phase 2, post-implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth). METHODS: Maternal and obstetric characteristics were evaluated, including Robson’s classification, based on the characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth. Chi-square test and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were used to analyze study variables. The significance level was set at 5%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: C-section rate for each group, their contribution to the overall c-section rate and the differences in these contributions before and after PPA implementation. RESULTS: C-section rates decreased from 62.4% to 55.6%, which represented a 10.9% reduction after the implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth. Pregnant women in Robson classification groups 1 through 4 had the greatest decrease in C-section rates, ranging from 49.1% to 38.6%, which represents a 21.5% reduction. The greatest contributors to the overall C-section rates were group 5 and group 2, accounting for more than 60% of the C-section deliveries. CONCLUSION: The Project Appropriate Birth had an important impact on the reduction of C-section rates, especially in Robson classification groups 1 through 4, which indicates that providing mothers with evidence-based interventions for labor and childbirth assistance will contribute to reduce C-section rates.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Serotype Determination of Streptococcus agalactiae Isolated From Non-Pregnant Women in Tehran, Iran

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v57i9.2641 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Goudarzi ◽

Mohammad Bagher Khalili ◽

Mahmood Vakili ◽

Maryam Sadeh

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Group B ◽

Tehran Area

Consequence of Streptococcus agalactiae, Group B Streptococcus (GBS) relating infant’s diseases are well documented. Although many women carry this bacterium in their vagina, they may transfer to their infant during delivery and may result in different neonatal invasive diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS and serotyping the isolated species among un-selective non-pregnant women who attended two gynecology clinics in Tehran. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 560 vaginal samples collected from non-pregnant women. Following inoculation of the specimen on Blood Agar, the standard technology was applied for the final identification of GBS. Detected GBS species were further confirmed using specific PCR directed on dlts gene. Capsular serotyping was done by using the multiplex PCR method. The chi-square method was used for statistical analysis. Fifty (8.9%) out of 560 non-pregnant women were carriers of GBS. The most common types were III (36%), followed by type II (32%), Ia (26%), and Ib (6%), respectively. Results represent that the prevalence rate of GBS in non-pregnant women was reliable and similar to what obtained from pregnant women. In addition, the serotype III was found the most dominant types, as well as other investigations in the Tehran area. Therefore, vaccine designation based on type III is recommended.

Download Full-text

Not recognized enough: The effects and associations of trauma and intellectual disability in severely mentally ill outpatients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.02.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 63-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jeanet Grietje Nieuwenhuis ◽

Hedwig Johanna Henrica Smits ◽

Eric Onno Noorthoorn ◽

Cornelis Lambert Mulder ◽

Engelbertus Johannes Maria Penterman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Intellectual Functioning ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Mild Intellectual Disability ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severely Mentally Ill

AbstractBackground:Little is known about the association between trauma and intellectual disability in SMI patients.Aim:To establish the prevalence of trauma and its association with intellectual functioning in SMI outpatients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in two mental health trusts in the Netherlands. We used the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) to screen for trauma and PTSD, and the Screener for Intelligence and Learning disabilities (SCIL) for suspected MID/BIF. Chi-square and t-tests were used to test differences in outcome over patient characteristics. Post-hoc analysis was used to investigate gender differences between patients with and without MID/BIF on trauma and sexual trauma.Results:Any trauma was found in 86% of 570 patients and 42% were suspected for PTSD. The SCIL suggested that 40% had Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF), half of whom were suspected of having Mild Intellectual Disability (MID). These patients had more traumatic experiences (1.89 in BIF, 1.75 in MID, against 1.41 in SCIL-negative patients). Female MID/BIF patients (61%) had experienced significantly more sexual abuse than male MID/BIF patients (23%).Conclusions:Significantly more SMI outpatients who screened positive for MID/BIF reported having experienced traumatic events than those who screened negative. Rates of all trauma categories were significantly higher in the screen-positive group, who were also more likely to have PTSD. Sexual abuse occurred more in all females but the SCIL positive women are even more often victim. Clinical practice has to pay more attention to all of these issues, especially when they occur together in a single patient.

Download Full-text

Worries of Pregnant Women: Testing the Farsi Cambridge Worry Scale

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2016/5791560 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Forough Mortazavi ◽

Arash Akaberi

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychological State ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Valid Instrument ◽

Many Sources ◽

Item Scale

Pregnancy adds many sources of concerns to women’s daily life worries. Excessive worry can affect maternal physiological and psychological state that influences the pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate the Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS) in a sample of Iranian pregnant women. After translation of the CWS, ten experts evaluated the items and added six items to the 17-item scale. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 405 of pregnant women booked for prenatal care completed the Farsi CWS. We split the sample randomly. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the first half of the sample to disclose the factorial structure of the 23-item scale. The results of the EFA on the Farsi CWS indicated four factors altogether explained 51.5% of variances. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was done on the second half of the sample. The results of the CFA showed that the model fit our data (chi-square/df = 2.02, RMSEA = 0.071, SRMR = 0.071, CFI = 0.95, and NNFI = 0.94). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the Farsi CWS was 0.883. The Farsi CWS is a reliable and valid instrument for understanding common pregnancy worries in the third trimester of pregnancy in Iranian women.

Download Full-text

Faktor Berhubungan dengan Rendahnya Kunjungan Antenatal pada Kontak Pertama Pemeriksaan Ibu Hamil (K-1)

Gorontalo Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32662/gjph.v2i2.746 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Moh. Rivandi Dengo ◽

Idjrak Mohamad

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Family Support ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antenatal Visits

The coverage of Antenatal Care (ANC) visits in Gorontalo District during the last three years is as follows: the first visit of the pregnant women in 2015 reached 90%, the visit in the following year in 2016 decreased to 76%, and the visit in 2017 reached 89,86%. This research aims to find out the factors related to the decrease of Antenatal Care in accordance with the decrease in the Antenatal Care visits in the first contact of pregnant women checking K-1 in the working area of Community Health Center Bongomeme Gorontalo District in 2018. The population of the current research was all pregnant women listed in Kohort pregnant women book in the Community Health Center Bogomeme in 2018 there were 163 pregnant women participated. The research design used was a cross sectional study approach. The obtained data were subsequently examined using chi-square test by referring to p value < 0,005. The research results shown that the parity variable of the pregnancy has p value of 0,038, pregnant women knowledge has p value of 0,012, and pregnant women job has p value of 0,000. Thus, this variable has a parity of pregnancy, knowledge of pregnant women and occupation of pregnant women has a relationship with antenatal visits (K-1), while family support variables with p value of 0.478 means that this variable has no relationship with antenatal visits (K-1). The conclusion was the parity, pregnant women knowledge, and pregnant women occupation have the significant relationship with the antenatal care visits (K-1), while the family support has no significant relationship with antenatal visits (K-1). The pregnant women should maintain the pregnancy spacing, maintain the pregnancy health, and increase their knowledge.Cakupan kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC) di Kabupaten Gorontalo selama tiga tahun terakhir adalah cakupan kunjungan pertama ibu hamil (K-1) tahun 2015 mencapai 90%, pada tahun berikutnya tahun 2016 terjadi penurunan yaitu 76% dan pada tahun 2017 mencapai 89,86%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan rendahnya kunjungan Antenatal Care pada kontak pertama pemeriksaan ibu hamil K-1 pada Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bongomeme Kabupaten Gorontalo tahun 2018. Adapun populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil tercatat di buku kohort ibu hamil Puskesmas Bongomeme tahun 2018 yaitu sebanyak 163 orang ibu hamil. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan cross sectional study. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan uji statistic chi square dengan melihat nilai p value < 0,005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variable paritas kehamilan dengan nilai p value 0,038, pengetahuan ibu hamil nilai p value 0,012, dan pekerjaan ibu hamil nilai p value 0,000. Artinya variabel paritas kehamilan, pengetahuan ibu hamil dan pekerjaan ibu hamil memiliki hubungan dengan kunjungan antenatal (K-1). Sedangkan variabel dukungan keluarga nilai p value 0,478 ini berarti variabel dukungan keluarga tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kunjungan antenatal (K-1). Disimpulkan bahwa paritas, pengetahuan ibu, pekerjaan ibu ada hubungan yang signifikan dengan kunjungan antenatal K-I, sedangkan dukungan keluarga tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kunjungan antenatal (K-I). Ibu hamil agar lebih menjaga jarak kehamilan, menjaga kesehatan kehamilan, meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil.

Download Full-text

HUBUNGAN LAMANYA PEMBERIAN MAGNESIUM SULFATE PADA PASIEN PEB DAN EKLAMPSIA DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERMAGNESIUM DI RSUP DR. M. DJAMIL PADANG

JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS ◽

10.25077/aoj.2.1.21-25.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Mayuliani Mayuliani ◽

Dovy Djanas

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Research Data ◽

Severe Preeclampsia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Objective :To find out the relationship between the duration of MgS04 administration in severe preeclampsia patients and eclampsia with the incidence of hypermagnesium.Method :This study is a comparative observational study using a cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in the medical record of Dr.M.Djamil Padang Hospital during the period January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2017 of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia, found 30 study subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Furthermore, data is recorded in a research form that has been provided, then carried out research data processing. Statistical analysis to assess significance using the chi-square test.Results : Magnesium levels increased in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia by 21 correspondents. Increased Magnesium levels in patients with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia who received MgS04 treatment for 48 hours by 16 correspondents (84.2%) and 5 correspondents with MgS04 administration for 24 hours.Conclusion : There is a significant relationship between the duration of Magnesium Sulfate with the incidence of hyperpermagnesium in patients with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. Keywords: severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, magnesium sulfate, magnesium levels

Download Full-text

Knowledge of pregnant women about anemia is related with adherence to iron tablets

Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi ◽

10.20473/mog.v26i12018.26-28 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Baksono Winardi ◽

Elga Caecaria Grahardika Andani

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Study Population ◽

Almost All

Objectives: to identify association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and the adherence to consume iron tablets in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, IndonesiaMaterials and Methods: Observational analysis cross sectional study. Population consisted of 55 trimester pregnant women in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, in March-April 2017. Samples were recruited using consecutive sampling. The number of sample was 35 respondents. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.Results: This research showed that all of the less knowledgeable women on anemia (100.00%) were non-adherent to consume iron tablets, almost all moderately knowledgeable women (92.9%) were adherent, and all of the fully knowledgeable women (100.00%) were adherent. Fisher exact test in significance level of 0.05 revealed p value equal to 0.0001, indicating association between knowledge about anemia and adherence to consume iron tablets at BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, Indonesia.Conclusion: There is an association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia with adherence to iron tablets.

Download Full-text

THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PREECLAMPSIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING BANADIR AND MEDINA HOSPITALS IN MOGADISHU-SOMALIA

10.21203/rs.2.18133/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Abdinasir Abdullahi jama

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Statistical Inferences ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

The Government ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Sampling Probability

Abstract Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys. It occurs as early as 20 weeks of the pregnancyAim the aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude towards preeclampsia among pregnant women attending Banadir and Medina hospitals in Mogadishu-Somalia.Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Mogadishu Somalia. Systematic random sampling probability technique was carried out in 2 hospitals to recruited 384 women. Well-structured questionnaires were filled by participants who gave their consent. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences version 21. Descriptive data were generated and statistical inferences tested using the chi-square method with the level of significance set at 5%.Result The age of the respondents was between to14-50 with a mean age of the 32.49±5.9.the found that 54.3% of the participant were don’t know the preeclampsia. The women know poor diet as a cause of the preeclampsia, final the prevalence of preeclampsia in Banadir state, Somalia was 43%.Conclusion: The study recommended to the government of Somalia to generate both health education to the pregnant mother and increase the level of education of mother by offering free education to the women, in Somalia.

Download Full-text

Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women at Elmhurst Hospital Center, Queens, New York

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0238409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0238409

Author(s):

Sheela Maru ◽

Uday Patil ◽

Rachel Carroll-Bennett ◽

Aaron Baum ◽

Tracy Bohn-Hemmerdinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Universal Screening ◽

Screening Program ◽

Safety Net ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Safety Net Hospital

Background Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection on Labor and Delivery (L&D) units is a critical strategy to manage patient and health worker safety, especially in a vulnerable high-prevalence community. We describe the results of a SARS-CoV-2 universal screening program at the L&D Unit at Elmhurst Hospital in Queens, NY, a 545-bed public hospital serving a diverse, largely immigrant and low-income patient population and an epicenter of the global pandemic. Methods and findings We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. All pregnant women admitted to the L&D Unit of Elmhurst Hospital from March 29, 2020 to April 22, 2020 were included for analysis. The primary outcomes of the study were: (1) SARS-CoV-2 positivity among universally screened pregnant women, stratified by demographic characteristics, maternal comorbidities, and delivery outcomes; and (2) Symptomatic or asymptomatic presentation at the time of testing among SARS-CoV-2 positive women. A total of 126 obstetric patients were screened for SARS-CoV-2 between March 29 and April 22. Of these, 37% were positive. Of the women who tested positive, 72% were asymptomatic at the time of testing. Patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to be of Hispanic ethnicity (unadjusted difference 24.4 percentage points, CI 7.9, 41.0) and report their primary language as Spanish (unadjusted difference 32.9 percentage points, CI 15.8, 49.9) than patients who tested negative. Conclusions In this retrospective cross-sectional study of data from a universal SARS-Cov-2 screening program implemented in the L&D unit of a safety-net hospital in Queens, New York, we found over one-third of pregnant women testing positive, the majority of those asymptomatic. The rationale for universal screening at the L&D Unit at Elmhurst Hospital was to ensure safety of patients and staff during an acute surge in SARS-Cov-2 infections through appropriate identification and isolation of pregnant women with positive test results. Women were roomed by their SARS-CoV-2 status given increasing space limitations. In addition, postpartum counseling was tailored to infection status. We quickly established discharge counseling and follow-up protocols tailored to their specific social needs. The experience at Elmhurst Hospital is instructive for other L&D units serving vulnerable populations and for pandemic preparedness.

Download Full-text

A-227 Boston Naming Test as an Embedded Performance Validity Test: A Replication Study

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa068.227 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1022-1022

Author(s):

Abramson D ◽

White D ◽

Resch Z ◽

Ovsiew G ◽

Soble J

Keyword(s):

Characteristic Curve ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

High Specificity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Boston Naming Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validity Test ◽

Naming Test

Abstract Objective The Boston Naming Test (BNT) has recently been proposed as an embedded performance validity test (PVT) with high specificity/low sensitivity; however, this has not been replicated. This study therefore aimed to cross-validate findings in a mixed clinical neuropsychiatric sample. Method This cross-sectional study of 136 primary monolingual English-speaking patients who completed the BNT during outpatient evaluation was 57% female/43% male, 38% Caucasian, 39% African American, 16% Hispanic, and 6% Asian with mean age of 47.7 years (SD = 16.6) and mean education of 14.0 years (SD = 2.7). In total, 109/136 (80%) were classified as valid and 27/136 (20%) as invalid based on 4 independent criterion PVTs. Results Respective mean BNT raw/T-scores were 49.5 (SD = 9.2)/45.3 (SD = 10.9) for the valid group and 45.8 (SD = 8.2)/41.1 (SD = 7.8) for the invalid group. Analyses of variance fell just above significance for both BNT raw F(1, 134) = 3.75, p = .05 and T-scores F(1, 134) = 3.55, p = .06. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis for the raw score was significant, with an area under the curve (AUC) of .67 (p < .01) and an optimal cutoff of ≤ 35 (4% specificity/90% sensitivity). BNT raw scores remained significant after removing bilingual participants, (AUC = .68; p < .01), with identical psychometric properties. In contrast, analysis of BNT T-scores (AUC = .61; p = .08) were nonsignificant. Conclusions Overall, results showed that the BNT cannot psychometrically distinguish valid versus invalid performance and therefore has questionable utility as a PVT in a mixed clinical setting. Findings contribute to a growing literature base cautioning against the indiscriminate use of measures of actual cognitive ability as validity indicators, particularly in populations with cognitive impairment.

Download Full-text