scholarly journals Thromboses and Hemostasis Disorders Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Possible Causal Role of Cross-Reactivity and Immunological Imprinting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darja Kanduc
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
Almost All

AbstractBy examining the issue of the thromboses and hemostasis disorders associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) through the lens of cross-reactivity, it was found that 60 pentapeptides are shared by SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (gp) and human proteins that— when altered, mutated, deficient or, however, improperly functioning— cause vascular diseases, thromboembolic complications, venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathies, and bleeding, inter alia. The peptide commonality has a relevant immunological potential as almost all of the shared sequences are present in experimentally validated SARS-CoV-2 spike gp-derived epitopes, thus supporting the possibility of cross-reactions between the viral gp and the thromboses-related human proteins. Moreover, many of the shared peptide sequences are also present in pathogens to which individuals have previously been exposed following natural infection or vaccinal routes, and of which the immune system has stored imprint. Such an immunological memory might rapidly trigger anamnestic secondary cross-reactive responses of extreme affinity and avidity, in this way explaining the thromboembolic adverse events that can associate with SARS-CoV-2 infection or active immunization.

scholarly journals Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Viral Shedding and Survival in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lei Zeng ◽  
Zu-Jiang Yu ◽  
Jian-Jun Gou ◽  
Guang-Ming Li ◽  
Shu-Huan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Almost All ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been reported in almost all countries globally. No effective therapy has been documented for COVID-19, and the role of convalescent plasma therapy is unknown. In the current study, 6 patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure received convalescent plasma a median of 21.5 days after viral shedding was first detected, all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA within 3 days after infusion, and 5 eventually died. In conclusion, convalescent plasma treatment can end SARS-CoV-2 shedding but cannot reduce the mortality rate in critically ill patients with end-stage COVID-19, and treatment should be initiated earlier.

CORONAVIRUS: Pathology, Immunology and Therapies.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Clinical Protocols ◽  
Biochemical Mechanism ◽  
The Family

Abstract Coronavirus is a family of positive single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family of coronaviridae. Coronavirus-19 infection (COVID-19) has appeared in 2019 and so there is no effective treatment that can eradicate it. The objective of this review is to present data on cellular and molecular characteristic of virus infection and also elucidate all molecular associated events with covid-19 infection in patients. The infection in humans can cause diseases ranging from a common cold to more serious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The disease that it transmits (Covid-19) cannot be cured with conventional treatments. However, a large number of protocols have been implemented based on the sequels that it produces. In this review we summarize 1) the role of immune system against this pathogen as well as the biochemical mechanism by which squealed is responsible for disease progression 2) the possibility or not that patients who have suffered the disease have antibodies against the virus and 3) the clinical protocols used in order to mitigate induced-damage by virus.

scholarly journals Milieu Relevance of Melanin’s Antiviral Effects and Interventions to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Preventative Treatment ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
The World

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected melanin dominant people, while on the continent of Africa, this novel strain does not appear to have decimated the population. Contrary to many scientific expectations, native Africans on the continent are less impacted compared to the global number of infections in other regions of the world. Therefore, an analysis of the role of melanin and milieu should be assessed by healthcare providers who have a concern for melanin-dominant populations. Questions are raised that Melanin has antiviral effects and there are additional factors derived from comorbidity that impact the susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) embedded in institutional racism (aka the system of white supremacy-Milieu). Dietary practices, access to healthcare, lifestyle and genetics can influence the severity of illnesses associated with contracting this virulent coronavirus via intense erratic activation of the immune system among those subjected to a plethora of chronic societal stressors. In summary, this article will address the effects of this crisis on people of African descent and suggest alternative treatments as an intermediary, rather than exclusive reliance on a vaccine as preventative treatment. The relevance of such discourse is critical given America’s medical history, which has fostered profound distrust among her melanin-dominant citizenry.

Role of Vitamins, Minerals and Herbs in Strengthening immune system against the newly Emerging Viral Disease SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Ajay I. Patel ◽  
Pooja R. Maru ◽  
Ashok B. Patel ◽  
Amitkumar J. Vyas ◽  
Nilesh K. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection Attack mainly on the immune system of the body. The current pandemic situation of COVID-19 has broken the social-economical Condition of the World. The Available Allopathic drug Paramedical system is attempting to manage the symptoms. But, there are no significant effects of the available drug system. So, it is better to move toward a supplement system that improves the body's immune system. Herbs, Minerals, and Vitamins can be boosting body immunity and prevent the respiratory Viral Disease SARS-CoV-2. It gives its response in the Primary Stage of COVID-19. So, it is better to towards the natural herbals, Minerals, and vitamins which can improve the immunity of the body and it can possibly prevent the viral infection.

Impact Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-516
Author(s):  
Anshul, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

COVID-19 virus belongs to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) family raised a situation of health emergency in almost all the countries of the world. Numerous machine learning and deep learning based techniques are used to diagnose COVID positive patients using different image modalities like CT SCAN, X-RAY, or CBX, etc. This paper provides the works done in COVID-19 diagnosis, the role of ML and DL based methods to solve this problem, and presents limitations with respect to COVID-19 diagnosis.

scholarly journals Vom Huhn abgeleitete Antikörper für Diagnostik und Immuntherapie

BIOspektrum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-504
Author(s):  
Adrian Elter ◽  
Jan P. Bogen ◽  
Jan Habermann ◽  
Harald Kolmar
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Evolutionary Distance ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
Mammalian Origin

AbstractDue to the large evolutionary distance between birds (Aves) und humans, immunization of chickens with human proteins results in a strong response of the bird’s adaptive immune system to proteins of mammalian origin. Additionally, chicken-derived antibodies display less undesired cross-reactivity in analytical setups than conventional rodent-derived antibodies. Due to these features as well as the facile amplification of antibody-coding genes, chicken-derived antibodies emerged as promising molecules for the immunotherapy and various biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Broad human and animal coronavirus neutralisation by SARS-CoV-2 S2-targeted vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Ng ◽  
Nikhil Faulkner ◽  
Katja Finsterbusch ◽  
Mary Wu ◽  
Ruth Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
History Of

AbstractSeveral common-cold coronaviruses (HCoVs) are endemic in humans and several variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged during the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Whilst antibody cross-reactivity with the Spike glycoproteins (S) of diverse coronaviruses has been documented, it remains unclear whether such antibody responses, typically targeting the conserved S2 subunit, contribute to or mediate protection, when induced naturally or through vaccination. Using a mouse model, we show that prior HCoV-OC43 S immunity primes neutralising antibody responses to otherwise subimmunogenic SARS-CoV-2 S exposure and promotes S2-targeting antibody responses. Moreover, mouse vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 S2 elicits antibodies that neutralise diverse animal and human alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in vitro, and protects against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in vivo. Lastly, in mice with a history of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-based S vaccination, further S2 vaccination induces stronger and broader neutralising antibody response than booster Wuhan S vaccination, suggesting it may prevent repertoire focusing caused by repeated homologous vaccination. The data presented here establish the protective value of an S2-targeting vaccine and support the notion that S2 vaccination may better prepare the immune system to respond to the changing nature of the S1 subunit in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), as well as to unpredictable, yet inevitable future coronavirus zoonoses.

scholarly journals The Immunologic Role of Vitamins C and D and Their Potential in the Management of COVID-19 Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (09) ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
Chrystal D. Antoine-Frank ◽  
Rimanatou Seyni Boureima ◽  
Kaydeonne T. Ellis ◽  
Malcolm (Jr) R. Antoine ◽  
Merina Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 causes COVID-19 infection. Vitamins C and D have been investigated for their effects on COVID-19 including the severity of it’s symptoms and complications. These vitamins may provide some benefits against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 as they modulate the immune system in addition to having anti-viral effects. This review will investigate the effects of vitamins C and D on COVID-19 infection to determine their benefits in the management of patients infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

scholarly journals GAKG-RGEKG an Epitope That Provokes Immune Cross-Reactivity betweenPrevotellasp. and Human Collagen: Evidence of Molecular Mimicry in Chronic Periodontitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Alberto Obando-Pereda
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Economy ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
Human Collagen ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Periodontal disease afflicts 20% of world population. This process usually occurs in the form of being lethargic and chronic, and consequently this disease is known as chronic process. All chronic diseases constantly cause activation of the immune system, and therefore the presentation of microbial peptides which are presented to lymphocytes by professional antigen presenting cells can present microbial peptides very similar to important structures of human economy causing autoimmune diseases, process known as molecular mimicry. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the presence of molecular mimicry phenomenon between periodontopathogens and human proteins. Blasting microbes of Socransky periodontal complexes against human collagen were performed and then the proteins with similarities were modelled and were screened in the MHI binding virtual methods. The epitopes selected were produced and plasma of chronic periodontal volunteers was obtained and a dot immunobinding assay was performed. Hypothetical protein ofPrevotellasp. and human collagen epitopes with high similarities were positive for dot immunobinding assay. With this result it can be suggested that the mimicry phenomena can occur on periodontal disease.

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