The Efficacy of High-Volume Evacuators and Extraoral Vacuum Aspirators in Reducing Aerosol and Droplet in Ultrasonic Scaling Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Objective SARS-CoV-2 can be carried by aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures, particularly by the use of high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and ultrasonic scalers. High-volume evacuators (HVEs) and extraoral vacuum aspirators (EOVAs) reduce such particles. However, there is limited data on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of HVE and EOVA in reducing aerosols and droplets during ultrasonic scaling procedures. Materials and Methods Three ultrasonic scaling simulations were conducted on mannequins: 1. saliva ejector (SE) was used alone (control); 2. SE was used in combination with HVE; and 3. SE was used in combination with HVE and EOVA. Paper filters were placed on the operator's and assistant's face shields and bodies, and the contamination of aerosols and droplets was measured by counting blue spots on the paper filters. Statistical Analysis All data were analyzed for normality using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The differences between each method were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by a posthoc test. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05 Result Using HVE and EOVA reduced aerosols and droplets better than using SE alone or SE and HVE: the posthoc test for contamination revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01). The assistant was subjected to greater contamination than the operator during all three ultrasonic scaling procedures. Conclusion The usage of HVE and EOVA significantly reduced aerosols and droplets compared with using SE solely. Using these techniques together could prevent the transmission of airborne disease during dental cleanings, especially COVID-19. Further studies of aerosol-reducing devices are still needed to ensure the safety of dental workers and patients.

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Surgical Volume Affects Outcomes in Laryngectomy Procedures

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.271 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. P84-84

Author(s):

Brenda Mast ◽

Guy J Petruzzelli ◽

Tricia J Johnson

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Complication Rate ◽

High Volume ◽

Surgical Volume ◽

Total Cost ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

The University ◽

Smirnov Test

Objective To determine whether statistical differences occur in total cost, length of stay, ICU days, and surgical complications, depending on the volume of laryngectomy procedures performed. Methods Secondary laryngectomy data from 108 hospitals participating in the University Health System Consortium was examined. All laryngectomy surgical cases occurring from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2005, with an ICD-9 code of 30.3 or 30.4 were analyzed (N=4,551). The cases were divided into 3 categories based on the number of surgical laryngectomy cases performed by hospital. Those volume categories were high, as defined by organizations with 100–233 cases (n=1712); medium, between 60–99 cases (n=1353); and low, between 4–59 cases (n=1458). 4 dependent variables were examined including total cost, length of stay, ICU days, and complications. Results The 4 dependent variables were analyzed for normality by performing a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. All 4 variables were non-normally distributed. A Kruskal-Wallis test was then performed on each variable to determine if a statistically significant difference appeared between the 3 volume categories. Each variable was found to have statistical significant differences between the groups, with the high volume hospitals having the lowest cost, shortest length of stay, shortest ICU days, and smallest complication rate. Conclusions This study showed that hospitals with higher surgeon volume for total laryngectomies had reduced total cost, length of stay, number of ICU days, and complication rate for their patients.

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Comparison of Coordinative Abilities of Child Wrestlers and Judokas

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v7i9.4334 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Yaşar Çoruh ◽

Serkan Zengin

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Normal Distribution ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

The University ◽

The Given ◽

Better Than ◽

Smirnov Test ◽

Medicine Ball

The aim of this research is to compare the coordinative abilities of child wrestlers and judokas. Totally 52 athletes were included into the research by taking consent from their families; 26 judoka children whose age average is 13.45±0.506 years, height average is 1.52±0.090 mt and body weight average is 47.52±13.193 kg and 26 judoka whose age average is 14.75±0.639 years, height average is 1.59±0.064 mt and body weight average is 49.85±8.786 kg. All risks and benefits pertaining to the research were explained to the parents of athletes and they were asked to sign the university confirmed voluntary permission form. Numbered medicine ball running test, Backward Medicine Ball Throw Test and sprint test to the given rhythm were used for the purpose for determining the orientation, differentiation and rhythm performances in regard to coordinative abilities of the individuals participating into the research. SPSS 22 program was used for the analysis of the data obtained. It was found out according to the result of One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test performed that data related with rhythm times exhibited normal distribution, data related with orientation times and differentiation scores did not exhibit normal distribution. For this reason, while Independent Samples T test was used in comparison of data related with rhythm times by the type of sports, Mann Whitney U test was used in comparison of data related with orientation times and differentiation scores by the type of sports. Once the results related with research were examined, while it was seen that the rhythm times and orientation times of wrestlers were significantly better than those of judoka, it was concluded that any significant difference was not available for the differentiation ability.In conclusion, the findings of the study do not confirm our pre-research expectations. Once the related literature is examined, it is seen that there are many various results related with the coordinative abilities pertaining to different sports branches.

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Splatters and Aerosols Contamination in Dental Aerosol Generating Procedures

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041914 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1914

Author(s):

Pingping Han ◽

Honghui Li ◽

Laurence J. Walsh ◽

Sašo Ivanovski

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

High Speed ◽

Low Speed ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

Dental Equipment ◽

Produce Contamination ◽

Fluorescein Dye ◽

Filter Papers ◽

Airborne Disease

Dental aerosol-generating procedures produce a large amount of splatters and aerosols that create a major concern for airborne disease transmission, such as COVID-19. This study established a method to visualise splatter and aerosol contamination by common dental instrumentation, namely ultrasonic scaling, air-water spray, high-speed and low-speed handpieces. Mock dental procedures were performed on a mannequin model, containing teeth in a typodont and a phantom head, using irrigation water containing fluorescein dye as a tracer. Filter papers were placed in 10 different locations to collect splatters and aerosols, at distances ranging from 20 to 120 cm from the source. All four types of dental equipment produced contamination from splatters and aerosols. At 120 cm away from the source, the high-speed handpiece generated the greatest amount and size (656 ± 551 μm) of splatter particles, while the triplex syringe generated the largest amount of aerosols (particle size: 1.73 ± 2.23 μm). Of note, the low-speed handpiece produced the least amount and size (260 ± 142 μm) of splatter particles and the least amount of aerosols (particle size: 4.47 ± 5.92 μm) at 120 cm. All four dental AGPs produce contamination from droplets and aerosols, with different patterns of distribution. This simple model provides a method to test various preventive strategies to reduce risks from splatter and aerosols.

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Investigation of The Nutritional Approaches of Student Athletes During The Covid-19 Epidemic

10.53350/pjmhs211571940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 1940-1944

Author(s):

Sevcan Altun ◽

Aykut Aksu ◽

Osman Imamoglu ◽

Murat Erdogdu ◽

Kursat Karacabey

Keyword(s):

Student Athletes ◽

Eating Habits ◽

T Test ◽

Outbreak Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Package Program ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

The Subject ◽

The University ◽

Smirnov Test

The aim of this study is to investigate the nutritional approaches of student athletes studying at the university during the coronavirus outbreak period. Participants consisted of students studying and doing sports at the University. 446 students, 246 males and 200 females, participated in the study. Besides the personal form, students were filled the questionnaire testing questionnaire. Students voluntarily participated. The surveys were done on social media. Nutritional habits questionnaire consists of 12 questions. In the preparation of the survey questions, the questions proved validity of the researches which have been done on the subject before have been used. SPSS 23.00 package program was used in statistical analyses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to test whether the data was normally distributed and it was determined that the data showed normal distribution. Independent t-test, paired t-test, unidirectional variance analysis and LSD tests were used in statistical operations. There was no significant difference in students' nutrition approaches by gender, both in the pre-outbreak period and in the outbreak period points (p> 0.05). Nutrition scores were significantly increased during the outbreak period (p <0.001). A significant difference was found between the students who felt bad before the epidemic and those who felt well before the epidemic and their nutritional scores according to the levels they felt (p <0.05). A significant difference was found between the pre-outbreak period and post-epidemic nutrition scores of the sports faculty students (p <0.05). During the coronavirus epidemic, university student athletes have either increased their nutritional opportunities or have changed their eating habits positively to keep their immune systems strong or both. The fact that sports faculty students have better nutrition compared to other faculty students can be attributed to their taking courses in nutrition, health and similar. It is recommended to give lectures or seminars on nutrition to athlete students. Keywords: Student, Nutrition, Sports Nutrition, Nutritional Approach, Covid-19

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Factors affecting aerosol size distribution during various dental procedures

10.1101/2021.07.30.21261399 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shruti Choudhary ◽

Michael J Durkin ◽

Daniel C Stoeckel ◽

Heidi M Steinkamp ◽

Martin H Thornhill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

High Speed ◽

High Volume ◽

Routine Care ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Aerosol Size Distribution ◽

Dental Clinic ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

The Impact

Objectives: To determine the impact of various aerosol mitigation interventions and establish duration of aerosol persistence in a variety of dental clinic configurations. Methods: We performed aerosol measurement studies in endodontic, orthodontic, periodontic, pediatric, and general dentistry clinics. We used an optical aerosol spectrometer and wearable particulate matter sensors to measure real-time aerosol concentration from the vantage point of the dentist during routine care in a variety of clinic configurations (e.g, open bay, single room, partitioned operatories). We compared the impact of aerosol mitigation strategies [ventilation and high-volume evacuation (HVE)] and prevalence of particulate matter in the dental clinic environment before, during and after high-speed drilling, slow speed drilling and ultrasonic scaling procedures. Results: Conical and ISOVAC HVE were superior to standard tip evacuation for aerosol-generating procedures. When aerosols were detected in the environment, they were rapidly dispersed within minutes of completing the aerosol-generating procedure. Few aerosols were detected in dental clinics, regardless of configuration, when conical and ISOVAC HVE were used. Conclusions: Dentists should consider using conical or ISOVAC HVE rather than standard tip evacuators to reduce aerosols generated during routine clinical practice. Furthermore, when such effective aerosol mitigation strategies are employed, dentists need not leave dental chairs fallow between patients as aerosols are rapidly dispersed. Clinical Significance: ISOVAC HVE is highly effective in reducing aerosol emissions. With adequate ventilation and HVE use, dental fallow time can be reduced to 5 minutes.

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PERBEDAAN KAPASITAS KERJA FISIK PEKERJA NON PRODUKSI, WEAVING, DAN SPINNING PABRIK TEKSTIL BANDUNG

JURNAL ILMU FAAL OLAHRAGA INDONESIA ◽

10.51671/jifo.v1i2.82 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Putri Teesa Radhiyanti ◽

Ieva Baniasih Akbar ◽

Juliati Juliati ◽

Reni Farenia ◽

Ambrosius Purba

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Survey Study ◽

Dust Exposure ◽

Physical Working Capacity ◽

Cotton Dust ◽

Working Capacity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Levene Test ◽

Better Than

Workers of PT. Grandtex is divided into three different divisions; nonproduction division, weaving division, and spinning division. These workers have different activities, job processes, and work environments, especially in the cotton dust exposure rate. Exposure to cotton dust can influence physical working capacity. This study aimed to find out physical working capacity differences between workers of nonproduction division, weaving division, and spinning division. A comparative analytic survey study is conducted on 112 subjects, which consists of 32 nonproduction division workers, 40 weaving division workers, and 40 spinning division workers. Subjects are picked by the stratified random sampling method. Physical working capacity measured by using an anaerobic capacity parameter (V̇O2 max)with the Astrand-Rhyming chair test. The homogeneity of the result is tested by the Levene test and the normality is tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. To find out the differences, those data are analyzed by one-way ANOVA test (p<0,05) and followed by Duncan test to measure how big the differences are. The result of data analyzed with ANOVA indicated that there is a significant difference in physical working capacity (V̇O2 max)(p=0,000) among workers of nonproduction, weaving, and spinning division. This result was also followed by Duncan’s test suggesting thatthe physical working capacity (V̇O2 max) of nonproduction workers are bigger than weaving production workers and also bigger than spinning workers (35,78 ± 7,27 vs 31,50 ± 7,59 vs 28,03 ± 5,92 ml/kg BW/minute). From this study, we can conclude that the physical working capacity (V̇O2 max) of nonproduction workers is better than weaving and spinning division workers.

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The Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Control Measures Evaluation of Droplets and Aerosol Cloud in Dental Procedures

10.21203/rs.3.rs-641159/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chao Yuan ◽

Hongtao Yang ◽

Siyuan Zheng ◽

Xiangyu Sun ◽

Xiaochi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Control Measure ◽

Operation Mode ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

High Volume ◽

Control Measures ◽

Aerosol Cloud ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

Air Purifier ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Droplets and aerosol cloud generating procedures in dentistry can increase the risk of airborne transmission of diseases such as COVID-19. To gain insight into the diffusion of spatters and possible preventive measures, we measured the particle spatial-temporal distribution characteristic and evaluated the effectiveness of the control measures.Methods: We conducted an experiment to observe the emitted spatters obtained during the simulated dental preparation by using high-speed videography. We measured the particle size distributions by laser diffraction and preliminarily estimated its velocity. We qualitatively and quantitatively described the spatial-temporal distributions of spatters and their control measure effects. Results: Majority of the dental spatters were small droplets (diameter less than 50 μm). A large number of smallest droplets (diameter less than 10 μm) were generated by high-speed air turbine handpiece. At the oral outlet, the speed of large droplets could exceed 2.63 m/s, and the speed of aerosol clouds ranged from 0.31–2.37 m/s. The evolution of the spatters showed that the more fully developed the state, the greater the number of spatters and the wider the contamination range. When the operation mode was moved from the central incisor to the first molar, the spatter direction became increasingly concentrated, and the velocities were enhanced. Larger droplets randomly moved along trajectories and rapidly settled. The aerosol cloud tended to float as a mass that interacted with the surrounding air. The high-volume evacuation could effectively clear away most of the dental spatters. The suction air purifier could change the diffusion direction of the spatters, compress the contamination range, and control aerosol escape into surrounding air. Conclusions: Our view is that we should combine the ‘point’ control measure (high-volume evacuation) and ‘area’ control measure (suction air purifier) to reduce the scope of pollution and prevent the aerosol escape into the surroundings. The study contributes to devising more accurate infection control guidelines, establishing appropriate interventions for different oral treatments, and minimizing the spread of respiratory diseases so that we can reduce cost and achieve the best results when medical resources are limited.

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Investigation of students’ level of imagination and sport confidence studying at School of Physical Education and Sports

International Journal of Learning and Teaching ◽

10.18844/ijlt.v10i2.3409 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 148-157

Author(s):

Aysegul Funda Alp ◽

Rasit Oz ◽

Mehmet Ali Horozoğlu

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Physical Education ◽

Research Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Class Variable ◽

Smirnov Test

AbstractThe aim of the study is to investigate students’ level of imagination and their athletic confidence The research group was made up of 62 female and 135 male, 197 in total, studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University. To achieve the purpose of the research, ‘A Scale of Achievement Imagery Questionnaire in Sports’ and ‘Confidence Questionnaire in Sports’ (Trait Sport Confidence-SSGO) were applied to the students who participated in the research. In the analysis and assessment of the data, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test were used and significance was taken as P < 0.05 and in the evaluation of the data and for the determination of the calculated values, Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used. According to the results of the study, there is a significant difference in sub-dimension of athletic confidence according to the department and class variable.

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Effect of different EGTA concentrations on dentin microhardness

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402002000300009 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 188-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Antonio Miranda da Cruz-Filho ◽

Eduardo Augusto de Paula ◽

Jesus Djalma Pécora ◽

Manoel Damião de Sousa-Neto

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

High Speed ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Three Solutions ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Root Dentin

The effect of 1%, 3% and 5% EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis-(b-amino-ethyl ether) N,N,N´,N´-tetra-acetic acid) on the microhardness of root dentin of the cervical third of human teeth was studied. Five newly extracted maxillary incisors were sectioned transversely at the cementoenamel junction, and the crowns were discarded. The roots were embedded in blocks of high-speed polymerized acrylic resin and cut transversely into 1-mm sections. The second section of the cervical third of the root of each tooth was sectioned and divided into four parts. Each part was placed on an acrylic disc that was used as a base for microhardness measurement. Fifty microliters of 1% EGTA, 3% EGTA, or 5% EGTA were applied to the dentin surface. Deionized and distilled water was used as control. Dentin microhardness was then measured with a load of 50 g for 15 s. Statistical analysis showed that the three concentrations of the chelating solution EGTA significantly reduced dentin microhardness when compared with water (ANOVA, p<0.01), and that there was a statistically significant difference among the three solutions (Tukey test, p<0.05).

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Effect of the action of diamond burs with high speed on the tensile strength of cores cemented with zinc phosphate at different preparation times

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-8637201500032000052821 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 405-410

Author(s):

Vanilde Rocha Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

High Speed ◽

Zinc Phosphate ◽

Metallic Core ◽

The Core ◽

Significant Difference ◽

To Receive ◽

Cobalt Chrome Alloy ◽

Cobalt Chrome

Objective: To know the finishing effect, in order to be able to safely proceed with the cores preparation in the daily clinic, without compromising the prosthetic restoration longevity. Methods: This study used 48 human single-rooted premolars, which after the section of its crowns, were endodontically treated, and its root canal prepared 8 mm deep to receive cores casting in cobalt-chrome alloy. Cementing was made with zinc phosphate and the tensile test performed at different preparation times: G1 - without re-preparation after cementation (control); G2 - re-prepared 24 hours after cementation, and G3 - re-prepared 15 minutes after cementation. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the tensile strength values in the different groups (p = 0.233), in other words, the core re-preparation 15 minutes or 24 hours after the cementation caused no significant reduction in tensile strength between the core and the root remaining when using the zinc phosphate cement. Conclusion: The metallic core re-preparation cast 15 minutes or 24 hours after cementation caused no significant reduction in tensile strength between the cast metallic core and the root remaining, although in absolute values there was an important difference.

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