Beliefs In Black and White: How Race Influences Americans’ Perceptions of Themselves, Their Racial Group, and Their National Group

2010 ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Roy J. Eidelson ◽  
Mikhail Lyubansky
Keyword(s):  
Racial Group ◽  
National Group ◽  
Black And White

Racial Group Responses to Work and Parent Care

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola M. Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Caregivers ◽  
Formal Services ◽  
Employed Caregivers

Utilizing stress theories, the author compared the experiences of 113 black and white employees who worked full time and cared for frail parents. Findings revealed that both racial groups had similar caregiving demands and similar levels of personal, social, work, mental, and physical strain. Their sources of environmental support varied. Black employed caregivers felt closer to their parents, whereas white employed caregivers received more assistance in the workplace. The parents of the black caregivers received more formal services. Black caregivers had less disposable income and were less likely to be married. Within-group comparisons indicated that work interferences (late arrivals, early departures, unscheduled days off, and excessive personal telephoning) significantly predicted more fragile mental health for whites and more fragile physical health for blacks. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Authoritarianism in Black and White: Testing the Cross-Racial Validity of the Child Rearing Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrén O. Pérez ◽  
Marc J. Hetherington
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Racial Boundaries ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Racial Gaps ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Measurement Artifact

Using a scale of child rearing preferences, scholars find that African Americans are far more authoritarian than Whites. We argue that this racial gap in authoritarianism is largely a measurement artifact. The child rearing scale now used to measure authoritarianism is cross-racially invalid because it draws heavily on a metaphor about hierarchy. Akin to someone who favors enforcing conformity in a child, the authoritarian is thought to be inclined toward enforcing conformity in social subordinates. In both cases, one's perspective is drawn from a position of relative power. We believe this metaphor is effective among members of a majority racial group becauseindividualdominance at home meshes withgroupdominance in society. For members of a racial minority, we believe this metaphor breaks down. Using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, we establish that Blacks and Whites construe the child rearing items differently. Consequently, authoritarianism correlates highly with the things it should for Whites, but rarely so for Blacks. Using an illegal immigration experiment, we then show divergent patterns of intolerance based on the same child rearing scale. Our results highlight measurement's role in producing large racial gaps in authoritarianism, while illuminating the racial boundaries of the child rearing scale.

Acting White or Acting Black: Mixed-Race Adolescents' Identity and Behavior

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Ruebeck ◽  
Susan L Averett ◽  
Howard N Bodenhorn
Keyword(s):  
Interracial Marriage ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Acting White ◽  
White Youth ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Acting Black ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Although rates of interracial marriage are on the rise, we still know relatively little about the experiences of mixed-race adolescents. In this paper, we examine the identity and behavior of mixed-race (black and white) youth. We find that mixed-race youth adopt both types of behaviors, those that can be empirically characterized as ‘black’ and those that can be characterized as ‘white.’ When we combine both types of behavior, average mixed-race behavior is a combination that is neither white nor black, and the variance in mixed-race behavior is generally greater than the variance in behavior of monoracial adolescents, especially as compared to the black racial group. Adolescence is the time during which there is most pressure to establish an identity, and our results indicate that mixed-race youth are finding their own distinct identities, not necessarily ‘joining’ either monoracial group, but in another sense joining both of them.

scholarly journals Race is Still Black and White: Voluntary Racial Phenotypic Change Elicits Meaning Threat and Backlash

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jordan Seliger ◽  
Avi Ben-Zeev
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
Change Condition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Phenotypic Features ◽  
Social Policing

We offer evidence that a target who voluntarily changes his/her racial phenotypic features causes perceivers to engage in two-pronged social policing of racial group boundaries: (a) vilifying and disliking the target (cognitive and affective backlash; external policing) (Experiments 1a-1b, 2, & 3) and (b) increasing own racial essentialism, in response to a meaning threat (internal policing) (Experiment 3). In all experiments, participants received a vignette of a protagonist that underwent non-elective surgery (white/Asian, Experiments 1a-1b; white/Black, Experiments 2-3). In the voluntary change condition, the protagonist asks that the surgeon change his/her racial features to resemble that of a different race whereas, in the involuntary change condition the protagonist asks that the surgeon keep his/her racial features intact (Experiment 1: eye shape, Experiment 2: Afrocentric features). Findings supported the predictions and showed a dissociation between similarity and categorization judgments, underscoring the essentialized versus socially constructed nature of beliefs about race.

Seeing Blue in Black and White: Race and Perceptions of Officer-Involved Shootings

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Hakeem Jefferson ◽  
Fabian G. Neuner ◽  
Josh Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Belief Updating ◽  
White Race ◽  
Black And White

Following racially charged events, individuals often diverge in perceptions of what happened and how justice should be served. Examining data gathered shortly after the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri alongside reactions to a novel officer-involved shooting, we unpack the processes by which racial divisions emerge. Even in a controlled information environment, white Americans preferred information that supported claims of a justified shooting. Conversely, Black Americans preferred information that implied that the officer behaved inappropriately. These differences stemmed from two distinct processes: we find some evidence for a form of race-based motivated reasoning and strong evidence for belief updating based on racially distinct priors. Differences in summary judgments were larger when individuals identified strongly with their racial group or when expectations about the typical behaviors of Black Americans and police diverged. The findings elucidate processes whereby individuals in different social groups come to accept differing narratives about contentious events.

The effects of racial categorization activation: an investigation in soccer academies

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Raphaël Laurin ◽  
Marie-Françoise Lacassagne
Keyword(s):  
White Students ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Racial Categorization ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The effects of racial categorization activation: an investigation in soccer academies The aim of this research is to test the effect of racial categorization activation on the sport satisfaction of newcomers' trainees of soccer academies. One hundred and four participants from four French soccer academies were enrolled - two with an unbalanced racial group composition and two with a balanced composition. Results show that in soccer academies with a balanced racial composition, the sports satisfaction of the black trainees remains relatively stable over time and it decreases among the white students, whereas the evolution of the scores for blacks and whites does not differ significantly in the unbalanced racial composition. The impact of the effects of racial categorization on the sport satisfaction of black and white trainees of soccer academies is discussed.

How Mixed Race Is Not Constructed

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Zack
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Race ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Mixed Race Identity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Race Identity ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Racial Solidarity ◽  
Sense Of Justice

American racial identities change over time and place, as all social constructions do, but they are also stable in historical and generational ways, because people in the same family are usually the same race. This is not the case for mixed race, particularly mixed black and white (MBW). People in mixed-race families belong to different races. Motives from self-interest, to lack of racial solidarity, to a sense of justice could motivate choosing mixed-race identity. Passing for the race others think one is not, and conforming or not, to norms for racial identities raise social and moral questions for members of the unconstructed racial group of mixed-race Americans.

scholarly journals Associations between socio-economic status and dietary patterns in US black and white adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 1792-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Kell ◽  
S. E. Judd ◽  
K. E. Pearson ◽  
J. M. Shikany ◽  
J. R. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Individual Education

Socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with measures of diet quality; however, such measures have not directly captured overall eating practices in individuals. Based on the factor analysis of fifty-six food groups from FFQ, associations between patterns of food consumption and SES were examined in a nationwide sample of 17 062 black (34·6 %) and white participants (age >45 years) from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, racial group and geographic region were used to examine adherence to five emergent dietary patterns (convenience, plant-based, sweets/fats, southern and alcohol/salads) according to four levels each of individual education, household income and community-level SES. Further models assessed adherence to these dietary patterns by racial group, and an overall model including both racial groups examined whether the relationships between SES and adherence to these dietary patterns differed among black and white participants. For all the three measures of SES, higher SES had been associated with greater adherence to plant-based and alcohol/salads patterns, but lower adherence to sweets/fats and southern patterns. Statistically significant differences between black and white participants were observed in the associations between household income and adherence to alcohol/salads, individual education and adherence to plant-based and sweets/fats, and community SES and adherence to convenience patterns. As adherence to dietary patterns has been shown to be associated with health outcomes in this population (e.g. stroke), the present study offers valuable insight into behavioural and environmental factors that may contribute to health disparities in the diverse US population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document